Evaluation of biometry and blood concentration of heavy metals in free-living Chelonia mydas with and without fibropapillomatosis in southern Brazil.

The present study determined the presence of heavy metals in green sea turtles with and without fibropapillomatosis in Itapirubá and Cassino beaches, southern Brazil. The weight, curved length of the carapace and body index were determined and blood was collected to quantify the concentrations of cadmium, lead and mercury. A total of 51 blood samples were analyzed, being 46 positives for at least one of the metals. There was a greater number of juvenile turtles in Itapirubá, larger in size and weight than those in Cassino. No statistical differences were found between metal concentrations between regions or between turtles with and without fibropapillomatosis. There was no significant correlation between metal concentrations, biometric variables and the presence of fibropapilomatose. Metal concentrations were low in both regions, with the highest concentrations being Cd and the lowest Hg.

Dominance Between Plasmids Determines the Extent of Biofilm Formation.

Bacterial biofilms have an impact in medical and industrial environments because they often confer protection to bacteria against harmful agents, and constitute a source from which microorganisms can disperse. Conjugative plasmids can enhance bacterial ability to form biofilms because conjugative pili act as adhesion factors. However, plasmids may interact with each other, either facilitating or inhibiting plasmid transfer. Accordingly, we asked whether effects on plasmid transfer also impacts biofilm formation. We measured biofilm formation of Escherichia coli cells harboring two plasmid types, or when the two plasmids were present in the same population but carried in different cells. Using eleven natural isolated conjugative plasmids, we confirmed that some indeed promote biofilm formation and, importantly, that this ability is correlated with conjugative efficiency. Further we studied the effect of plasmid pairs on biofilm formation. We observed increased biofilm formation in approximately half of the combinations when both plasmids inhabited the same cell or when the plasmids were carried in different cells. Moreover, in approximately half of the combinations, independent of the co-inhabitation conditions, one of the plasmids alone determined the extent of biofilm formation - thus having a dominant effect over the other plasmid. The molecular mechanisms responsible for these interactions were not evaluated here and future research is required to elucidate them.

Do drinking problems in the past affect current consumption?

Harmful use of alcohol ranks among the top five risk factors for disease, disability and death worldwide. However, not all individuals who consume alcohol throughout life are addicted and our premise is that addiction implies a chain of consumption that produces harmful effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether self-assessed past drinking problems - our measure of harmful alcohol consumption - affect the current alcohol consumption patterns. We expected that drinking problems in the past could have a positive effect on current alcohol consumption. Using Portuguese data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we applied an ordered probit model, given the ordered nature of the dependent variable. Our dependent variable measures the current consumption using categories listed in ascending order of alcohol intake frequency (from less than once a month to daily consumption). Our results suggest that harmful alcohol consumption in the past is an important determinant of current alcohol consumption. Self-assessed past drinking problems had a positive effect on the first five lower categories of current alcohol consumption frequency - less than once a month to up to six days a week. Therefore, to reduce non-communicable avoidable diseases related to the use of alcohol, policies should consider the individuals' decisions regarding alcohol consumption during their lifetime, and specific policies should focus on individuals with past drinking problems.

Investigating Correlations Between Defence Mechanisms and Pathological Personality Characteristics.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between defence mechanisms and pathological personality traits. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed 320 participants aged from 18 to 64 years (70.6% women, 87.5% university students) who completed the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) and the Defence Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40). We conducted comparisons and correlations and a regression analysis. RESULTS: The results showed expressive differences (d>1.0) between mature, neurotic and immature defence mechanism groups, and it was observed that pathological personality traits are more typical in people who use less mature defence mechanisms (i.e., neurotic and immature), which comprises marked personality profiles for each group, according to the IDCP. We also found correlations between some of the 40 specific mechanisms of the DSQ-40 and the 12 dimensions of pathological personality traits from the IDCP (r ≥ 0.30 to r ≤ 0.43), partially supported by the literature. In addition, we used regression analysis to verify the potential of the IDCP dimension clusters (related to personality disorders) to predict defence mechanisms, revealing some minimally expressive predictive values (between 20% and 35%). DISCUSSION: The results indicate that those who tend to use immature defence mechanisms are also those most likely to present pathological personality traits. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate the importance of investigating these correlations as a possible improvement to clinical assessment and intervention.

Atypical haematological presentation in a case of polycythaemia vera with a new variant mutation detected in exon 12: c.1605G>T (p.Met535Ile).

One of the major genetic insights into the pathogenesis of polycythaemia vera included the identification of the somatic point gain-of-function mutations in Janus kinase 2 gene-first JAK2V617F on exon 14, present in 95%-97% of the cases, and later on exon 12. In the literature, we can find some reported studies where different exon 12 mutations are identified. Unlike patients with JAK2V617F mutation in exon 14, the mutation at exon 12 is not usually associated with an increase in the three haematopoietic series (erythrocytosis, leucocytosis and thrombocytosis). It appears to be associated with a distinct syndrome, mostly characterised by isolated and more marked erythrocytosis, independently of the mutational variant. We report here the case of a patient who is JAK2exon 12 positive, presenting a novel mutation-c.1605G>T (p.Met535Ile)-associated with c.1612C>T (p.His538Tyr) mutation previously described, evidencing an atypical clinical phenotype.

Relationship between PTSD and pathological personality traits in context of disasters.

One of the recurrent outcomes after a stressor event as a disaster is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which appears to be mediated, in part, by emotional, behavioral, and psychological responses, arising from the belief system associated with the traumatic experience. Studies suggest that personality traits are related to how individuals face or adapt in the event of disaster phenomena. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between PTSD, posttraumatic beliefs and personality traits in people who experienced disasters. 113 individuals participated in the survey, of both sexes (58.4% women) with ages ranging between 19 and 63 years (M=37.5; SD=12.1). We used the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP), the Brazilian version of the Davidson Trauma Scale, and the Brazilian version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. Among the findings, pathological personality characteristics relate positively with PTSD symptomatology, individuals who experienced disaster events presented more pathological personality traits when compared to those who did not experience these events, and negative beliefs were positively related with pathological characteristics of personality. We highlight the need for research on the relationships between personality characteristics and post-traumatic beliefs in order to promote more adequate interventions given the possible disease chronicity.

Protocol for Investigating the Process Underlying Responses in Personality Assessments / Protocolo para Investigação do Processo Subjacente às Respostas em Avaliações da Personalidade / Protocolo para la Investigación del Proceso Subyacente a las Respuestas en Evaluaciones de Personalidad

Abstract The literature investigating the process underlying the answers given in self-report tests for personality assessments is scarce. This study aimed to develop a protocol to investigate the response process of people who responded to a self-report instrument for personality assessment. It also sought evidence of content validity for this protocol. The protocol presented focused on grandiosity, representing the narcissistic functioning. A total of 35 people answered the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Favorable evidence was identified, indicating the proper functioning of the developed protocol, since the literature showed consistent information about it. For example, it was observed that people who scored higher in grandiosity on self-report tests were those who chose the alternatives that represented grandiosity characteristics and were also those who presented a higher baseline to consider someone as narcissistic. The protocol is expected to be replicable by other researchers who aim to verify the response strategies adopted in self-report type personality tests.

Resumo A literatura é escassa quanto a estudos investigando o processo subjacente às respostas dadas em testes de autorrelato para avaliação da personalidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um protocolo para investigação do processo de resposta de pessoas que responderam a um instrumento de autorrelato para avaliação da personalidade. Buscaram-se também evidências de validade de conteúdo desse protocolo. O protocolo aqui apresentado teve como foco o traço grandiosidade, representando o funcionamento narcisista. Para tanto, 35 pessoas responderam o Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP) e o Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Evidências favoráveis foram identificadas, indicando o funcionamento apropriado do protocolo desenvolvido, já que foram encontradas informações consistentes de acordo com a literatura. Por exemplo, foi observado que pessoas que pontuaram mais alto em grandiosidade nos testes de autorrelato, foram aquelas que escolheram as alternativas que representavam o traço grandiosidade e também foram aquelas que apresentaram uma linha de base mais alta para considerar alguém como narcisista. Espera-se que o protocolo seja replicável por outros pesquisadores que objetivem verificar as estratégias de respostas adotadas em testes de personalidade no formato de autorrelato.

Resumen En la literatura son escasos estudios que investigan el proceso subyacente a las respuestas contestadas en pruebas de autoinforme para evaluar la personalidad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un protocolo para la investigación del proceso de respuesta de los participantes que respondieron a un instrumento de autoinforme para evaluar la personalidad. También se buscó evidencias de validez de contenido de este protocolo. El protocolo presentado se centró en el rasgo grandiosidad, que representa el funcionamiento narcisista. Para ello, 35 personas respondieron el Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad (IDCP) y el Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Se encontraron evidencias favorables, que indican el correcto funcionamiento del protocolo desarrollado, ya que las informaciones encontradas fueron consistentes con la literatura. Por ejemplo, los participantes que obtuvieron una puntuación más alta en grandiosidad en las pruebas de autoinforme fueron los que eligieron las alternativas que representaban el rasgo grandiosidad y también los que presentaron una línea de base más alta para considerar a alguien como narcisista. Se espera que el protocolo sea replicable por otros investigadores que tengan como objetivo verificar las estrategias de respuestas adoptadas en las pruebas de personalidad en el formato de autoinforme.

Do drinking problems in the past affect current consumption? / Problemas com bebida no passado coíbem consumo atual? / ¿Los problemas con la bebida en el pasado evitan su consumo actual?

Abstract: Harmful use of alcohol ranks among the top five risk factors for disease, disability and death worldwide. However, not all individuals who consume alcohol throughout life are addicted and our premise is that addiction implies a chain of consumption that produces harmful effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether self-assessed past drinking problems - our measure of harmful alcohol consumption - affect the current alcohol consumption patterns. We expected that drinking problems in the past could have a positive effect on current alcohol consumption. Using Portuguese data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we applied an ordered probit model, given the ordered nature of the dependent variable. Our dependent variable measures the current consumption using categories listed in ascending order of alcohol intake frequency (from less than once a month to daily consumption). Our results suggest that harmful alcohol consumption in the past is an important determinant of current alcohol consumption. Self-assessed past drinking problems had a positive effect on the first five lower categories of current alcohol consumption frequency - less than once a month to up to six days a week. Therefore, to reduce non-communicable avoidable diseases related to the use of alcohol, policies should consider the individuals' decisions regarding alcohol consumption during their lifetime, and specific policies should focus on individuals with past drinking problems.

Resumo: O uso prejudicial de álcool figura entre os cinco principais fatores de risco para doença, deficiência e óbito em todo o mundo. Contudo, nem todos os indivíduos que consomem álcool durante suas vidas são drogaditos e nossa premissa é que a drogadição pressupõe um fluxo de consumo que produz efeitos danosos. O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar se problemas autoavaliados com bebida no passado - nossa medida de consumo danoso de álcool - afetam padrões atuais de consumo de álcool. Esperávamos que problemas no passado poderiam ter um efeito positivo sobre o consumo atual de álcool. Usando dados portugueses do Inquérito de Saúde, Envelhecimento e Aposentadoria na Europa (SHARE, em inglês), aplicamos um modelo ordered probit, dada a natureza ordinal da variável dependente. Nossa variável dependente mede o consumo atual usando categorias listadas em ordem ascendente de frequência de ingestão de álcool (de menos de uma vez por mês até consumo diário). Nossos resultados sugerem que o consumo danoso de álcool no passado é um determinante importante do consumo atual de álcool. Problemas autoavaliados com bebida no passado tiveram um efeito positivo nas primeiras cinco categorias mais baixas de frequência atual de consumo de álcool - menos de uma vez por mês até seis dias por semana. Portanto, para reduzir doenças não-transmissíveis preveníveis relacionadas ao consumo de álcool, as políticas públicas devem levar em consideração as decisões de indivíduos relacionadas ao seu consumo de álcool durante suas vidas, e políticas específicas devem ser dirigidas a indivíduos com problemas passados com bebida.

Resumen: El abuso de alcohol se sitúa entre los cinco factores con mayor riesgo alrededor del mundo para enfermedad, incapacidad y muerte. No obstante, no todas las personas que consumen alcohol a lo largo de su vida son adictas y nuestra premisa es que la adicción implica un consumo continuado que produce efectos dañinos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si los problemas pasados con el alcohol autoevaluados -nuestra medida de consumo dañino- afecta a los estándares actuales de consumo de alcohol. Esperábamos que los problemas con el alcohol en el pasado pudieran tener un efecto positivo en el consumo actual. Utilizando los datos portugueses de la Encuesta para la Salud, Envejecimiento y Jubilación en Europa (SHARE), aplicamos un modelo ordered probit, proporcionado por la propia naturaleza de la variable dependiente. Nuestra variable dependiente mide el consumo actual, usando categorías listadas en orden ascendiente de frecuencia de consumo de alcohol (desde menos de una vez al mes al consumo diario). Nuestros resultados sugieren que un consumo dañino de alcohol en el pasado es un importante determinante del consumo de alcohol en la actualidad. Los problemas autoevaluados en el pasado con la bebida tuvieron un efecto positivo en las primeras cinco categorías más bajas de la frecuencia actual de consumo de alcohol -menos de una vez al mes hasta seis días a la semana. Por consiguiente, para reducir las enfermedades evitables no comunicables, relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol, se deberían considerar políticas que tuvieran en mente las decisiones individuales, en relación con el consumo de alcohol a lo largo de la vida, así como centrar las políticas específicas en personas con problemas con la bebida en el pasado.

Investigating Correlations Between Defence Mechanisms and Pathological Personality Characteristics / Investigando las correlaciones entre los mecanismos de defensa y las características de la personalidad patológica

ABSTRACT Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between defence mechanisms and pathological personality traits. Material and methods: We analysed 320 participants aged from 18 to 64 years (70.6% women, 87.5% university students) who completed the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) and the Defence Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40). We conducted comparisons and correlations and a regression analysis. Results: The results showed expressive differences (d>1.0) between mature, neurotic and immature defence mechanism groups, and it was observed that pathological personality traits are more typical in people who use less mature defence mechanisms (i.e., neurotic and immature), which comprises marked personality profiles for each group, according to the IDCP. We also found correlations between some of the 40 specific mechanisms of the DSQ-40 and the 12 dimensions of pathological personality traits from the IDCP (r ≥ 0.30 to r ≤ 0.43), partially supported by the literature. In addition, we used regression analysis to verify the potential of the IDCP dimension clusters (related to personality disorders) to predict defence mechanisms, revealing some minimally expressive predictive values (between 20% and 35%). Discussion: The results indicate that those who tend to use immature defence mechanisms are also those most likely to present pathological personality traits. Conclusions: The findings indicate the importance of investigating these correlations as a possible improvement to clinical assessment and intervention.

RESUMEN Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la relación entre los mecanismos de defensa y los rasgos patológicos de la personalidad. Material y métodos: Se analizó a 320 participantes de 18 a 64 años (el 70,6% mujeres y el 87,5% Autoevaluación estudiantes universitarios) que respondieron al Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad (IDCP) y el Cuestionario de Estilo Defensivo (DSQ-40). Se hicieron comparaciones, correlaciones y análisis de regresión. Resultados: Aparecieron diferencias expresivas (d > 1,0) entre grupos de mecanismos de defensa maduros, neuróticos e inmaduros, y se observó que los rasgos de personalidad patológicos son más típicos de personas que usan mecanismos de defensa menos maduros (es decir, neuróticos e inmaduros), lo cual comprende perfiles de personalidad marcados para estos grupos, según el IDCP. También se hallaron correlaciones entre algunos de los 40 mecanismos específicos del DSQ-40 y las 12 dimensiones de los rasgos patológicos de la personalidad del IDCP (r ≥ 0,30 a r ≤ 0,43), parcialmente respaldados en la literatura. Además, se usó el análisis de regresión para buscar el potencial de los clusters de las dimensiones del IDCP (relacionados con los trastornos de personalidad) para predecir los mecanismos de defensa, lo cual reveló algunos valores predictivos mínimamente expresivos (entre el 20 y el 35%). Discusión: Los resultados indican que quienes tienden a utilizar mecanismos de defensa inmaduros son también los que tienen más probabilidades de presentar rasgos de personalidad patológicos. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos señalan la relevancia de investigar estas relaciones como una posible mejora en la evaluación y la intervención clínica.

Applicability of Item Mapping in Rating the Severity of Pathological Personality Traits / Aplicação do mapa de itens para investigação da severidade de características patológicas da personalidade

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the combined use of two pathological personality tests, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), within the context of incremental validity in order to verify the increasing severity of the constructs used. We generated item maps for sets of items based on three dimensions of IDCP and five facets of PID-5, selected according to the possibility of pairing between scales. The study included 642 individuals, predominantly women aged over 18, divided into three groups according to the dimensions and facets. There was an increase in the level of severity, typically related to the different personality disorders, in addition to the complementation between instruments, providing incremental validity. The use of item mapping helped us understand the increasing severity of the traits, and allowed the verification of the clinical relevance of the constructs.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o uso conjunto de dois instrumentos que avaliam características patológicas da personalidade, o Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP) e o Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), dentro do paradigma da validade incremental, bem como verificar a evolução da severidade dos construtos utilizados. Foram gerados mapas de itens para conjuntos de itens com base em três dimensões do IDCP e cinco facetas do PID-5, selecionados de acordo com a possibilidade de pareamento entre escalas dos instrumentos. Participaram do estudo 642 indivíduos, predominantemente mulheres, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, divididos em três grupos de acordo com as dimensões e facetas respondidas. Observou-se um aumento no nível de severidade patológica, tipicamente relacionado a transtornos da personalidade distintos, além da complementação entre os instrumentos, conferindo validade incremental. A aplicação dos mapas de itens auxiliou na compreensão do aumento da severidade dos traços e possibilitou a verificação da relevância clínica dos construtos.

Temperate bacterial viruses as double-edged swords in bacterial warfare.

It has been argued that bacterial cells may use their temperate viruses as biological weapons. For instance, a few bacterial cells among a population of lysogenic cells could release the virus and kill susceptible non-lysogenic competitors, while their clone mates would be immune. Because viruses replicate inside their victims upon infection, this process would amplify their number in the arena. Sometimes, however, temperate viruses spare recipient cells from death by establishing themselves in a dormant state inside cells. This phenomenon is called lysogenization and, for some viruses such as the λ virus, the probability of lysogenization increases with the multiplicity of infection. Therefore, the amplification of viruses leads to conflicting predictions about the efficacy of temperate viruses as biological weapons: amplification can increase the relative advantage of clone mates of lysogens but also the likelihood of saving susceptible cells from death, because the probability of lysogenization is higher. To test the usefulness of viruses as biological weapons, we performed competition experiments between lysogenic Escherichia coli cells carrying the λ virus and susceptible λ-free E. coli cells, either in a structured or unstructured habitat. In structured and sometimes in unstructured habitats, the λ virus qualitatively behaved as a "replicating toxin". However, such toxic effect of λ viruses ceased after a few days of competition. This was due to the fact that many of initially susceptible cells became lysogenic. Massive lysogenization of susceptible cells occurred precisely under the conditions where the amplification of the virus was substantial. From then on, these cells and their descendants became immune to the λ virus. In conclusion, if at short term bacterial cells may use temperate viruses as biological weapons, after a few days only the classical view of temperate bacterial viruses as parasitic agents prevails.

[Ethics training of nurses: what is the Portuguese reality?]. / Formação ética dos enfermeiros: qual a realidade Portuguesa?

Recognizing the existence of education policies that guide the teaching of Ethics in Nursing, our aim was to know the reality of the initial training of nurses in Portugal. The conceptual framework was accomplished in the consultation and the complete documents' readings (especially the recommendations of the Portuguese Order of Nurses), crossed with foundational conceptions of Nursing Ethics and Philosophy authors, in particular Watson and Mounier. Some of the conclusions of this study relate to the verification that only five establishments comply with the Order of Nurses recommendations regarding the teaching of Ethics and Deontology. There is also a variability of classifications assigned to subjects/courses and program content/curriculum, embedded in them; there is a large discrepancy in the workload assigned to different curriculum areas.

Dignity of the human embryo: From juridical reflection to ethics / Dignidad del embrión humano: De la reflexión jurídica a la ética

The dignity of the human embryo comes naturally from the fact of being a person. But is the embryo a person? The concept of person is mainly philosophical (ontological) whilst the embryo has a biological nature. According to Embryology, the presence of a single primitive furrow would be the proof that a unique human being is in development. The individual is, by definition, indivisible. Therefore, the experimental possibility of originate three, four or more human beings from each single embryo totipotent cell, regardless of the initial’s zygotes divisions, shows that the embryo, in this stage, is an aggregation not an individual. Just after the primitive furrow formation we would be in the presence of a new human being, in the ontological sense, with juridical meaning.(AU)

Personalidade: o panorama nacional sob o foco das definições internacionais / Personality: the national panorama from the standpoint of international definitions / Personalidad: panorama nacional desde el punto de vista de las definiciones internacionales

Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar como o construto personalidade tem sido compreendido no Brasil por meio de pesquisadores especialistas na área e com base nas publicações científicas dos últimos anos. Participaram desta pesquisa 11 doutores em Psicologia que responderam a um questionário elaborado pelos autores do estudo, acerca da definição do construto. Além disso, foi realizada uma busca pela base de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online Brasil (Scielo Brasil), nos anos de 2000 a 2013, com o descritor personalidade. No que se refere aos pontos de convergência pelos especialistas nacionais acerca da definição do construto, verificouse, entre os termos mais frequentes, traços de personalidade, padrão de comportamento e estabilidade. Simultaneamente a isso, por um lado, há um número expressivo de publicações nacionais na área da personalidade, por outro, pouco é publicado tratando-se da definição desse construto. Os trabalhos encontrados são apresentados e discutidos

This study aims to investigate how personality has been understood in Brazil by expert researchers in the field and based on scientific publications of recent years. Participated of the research 11 PhDs in psychology who answered a questionnaire developed by the authors of this study about the definition of the construct. Furthermore, a search was performed on the Scientific Electronic Library Online Brasil (SciELO-Brasil) database, including the years 2000 to 2013, with the descriptor personality. With regard to the points of convergence by national experts on the definition of the construct, having found among the most frequent terms, personality traits, behavioral patterns and stability. Firstly, there are a significant number of national publications in the area of personality; on the other hand, little is published dealing with the definition of this construct. The works found are presented and discussed

Este estudio tiene como meta investigar como el constructo personalidad ha sido entendido en Brasil por investigadores expertos en esta área y en base a las publicaciones científicas en los últimos años. Participaron en esta investigación 11 doctores en Psicología quienes respondieron un cuestionario, elaborado por los autores del estudio, acerca de la definición del constructo. Además, se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos Scientific Eletronic Library Online Brasil (SciELO-Brasil), en los años 2000 a 20013, con el descriptor personalidad. Con respecto a los puntos de convergencia de los expertos nacionales sobre la definición del constructo, se encontró entre los términos más frecuentes, rasgos de personalidad, patrones de comportamiento y estabilidad. Simultáneamente a eso, por un lado, hay un número significativo de publicaciones nacionales en el área de la personalidad y, por otra parte, se ha publicado poco sobre la definición de este constructo. Las obras encontradas son presentadas y discutidas

Morphofunctional analysis of the stomatognathic system in conventional complete dentures users from the Integrated Health Center / Análise morfofuncional do sistema estomatognático em usuários de prótese total convencional do Centro Integrado de Saúde - CIS

ABSTRACT This study aimed at characterizing the speech and chewing of users of conventional complete dentures (CCD) before and after speech therapy and prosthetic functional adaptation. The participants consisted of 10 users, divided into two groups: experimental (G1) and control (G2). Both groups underwent the same speech therapy and chewing evaluation before and 15 days after prosthetic functional adaptation; G1 underwent speech therapy in the period before prosthetic functional adaptation, and G2 underwent prosthetic functional adaptation without speech-language intervention. As observed, G1 presented 60% of participants with phonetic and/or articular distortions and inadequate cut of the food and 80% with unilateral chewing; after therapy, no speech and masticatory alterations were observed, but the altered cut was seen in 100% of the group. In G2, 80% of the participants had speech and chewing alterations and 40% had an inadequate cut. After the therapy period, 60% of the subjects remained with speech alterations and 100% with altered cut and chewing alterations. It can be concluded that after prosthetic functional adaptation, the group that underwent speech therapy did not present the alterations initially detected, except for the cut of the food, as opposed to G2 in which the changes persisted, showing that prosthetic rehabilitation alone, did not reestablish functional patterns, speech-language intervention being required.

RESUMO O estudo consiste em caracterizar a fala e mastigação de usuários de prótese total convencional - PTC antes e após fonoterapia e adaptação funcional protética. Participaram 10 usuários, divididos em G1(experimental) e G2(controle). Ambos realizaram a mesma avaliação de fala e mastigação antes e após 15 dias de adaptação funcional protética. Logo, G1 passou por fonoterapia no período que antecede a adaptação funcional protética e G2 passou pela adaptação funcional protética sem intervenção Fonoaudiológica. Observou-se que G1 apresentou 60% de participantes com distorções fonéticas e/ou articulatórias e corte inadequado do alimento e 80% com um tipo mastigatório unilateral e a posteriori não foram mais verificadas alterações de fala e tipo mastigatório, porém um corte alterado em 100% do grupo. Já G2, 80% dos participantes tinham alterações de fala e mastigação e 40% um corte inadequado. Após, 60% dos sujeitos persistiram com as alterações de fala e 100% com um corte e tipo mastigatório alterado. Conclui-se que após adaptação funcional protética, G1, que realizou fonoterapia, não apresentou mais as alterações encontradas inicialmente, com exceção do corte do alimento; diferente de G2 em que as alterações persistiram, uma vez que a adaptação funcional não restabeleceu os padrões funcionais, sendo necessária intervenção Fonoaudiológica.

Produção científica sobre o transtorno de estresse oós-traumático no contexto de desastres / Scientific literature about post-traumatic stress disorder in disaster context / Literatura científica sobre el trastorno de estrés post-traumático en el contexto de desastres

O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar a produção científica sobre o TEPT, em bases de dados on-line, tendo como foco estudos que abordem esse transtorno em contextos de desastres ambientais. Por meio das bases de dados (SciELO e Science Direct), verificou-se que, dentre os 964 estudos identificados, apenas 38 se relacionaram a desastres ambientais, os quais apresentaram objetivos, populações e eventos diversificados, sugerindo a presença de investidas na compreensão desses fenômenos. Além disso, observou-se um número inexpressivo de publicações nacionais, contrastando com as publicações internacionais, sobretudo, EUA e China. Os dados torna evidente a necessidade da realização de pesquisas que clarifiquem as implicações psicológicas provenientes de desastres para conferir auxílio ao manejo efetivo desses eventos em território nacional.

This study aimed to examine the scientific literature on PTSD in online databases, focusing on studies that address this disorder in contexts of environmental disasters. Through the databases (SciELO and Science Direct), it was found that, among the 964 identified studies, only 38 were related to environmental disasters. Among those were diverse objectives, people and events, which suggests the presence of advances in the understanding of these phenomena. In addition, there was an unimpressive number of national publications, contrasting with international publications, predominantly from the US and China. The data makes clear the necessity of conducting research to clarify the psychological implications of disasters in order to aid in the effective management of these events domestically.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la producción científica sobre el trastorno de estrés pós-traumático em las bases de dados em línea, centrándose em los estúdios que abordan este transtorno em contextos de desastres ambientales. A través de bases de datos (SciELO y Science Direct), se encontró que entre los 964 estudios identificados, sólo 38 estaban relacionados con los desastres ambientales, que tenían diversos objetivos, personas y eventos, lo que sugiere la presencia de los avances en la comprensión de estos fenómenos. Además, hubo um número impressionante de publicaciones internacionales, principalmente de Estados Unidos y China. Los datos muestran claramente la necesidad de llevar a cabo investigaciones para aclarar las implicaciones psicológicas del desastre para dar ayuda a la gestión eficaz de estos acontecimientos en el país.

Traços patológicos da personalidade como preditores do Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático-TEPT / Predictive capacity of pathological personality traits to the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar a capacidade de traços patológicos da personalidade predizerem sintomas do TEPT. Participaram do estudo 113 sujeitos, com idades entre 19 e 63 anos (M=37,5; DP=12,1) sendo 66 (58,4%) do sexo feminino, que vivenciaram um evento de inundação. Foi utilizado o Inventário Dimensional Clinico da Personalidade, a Escala Davidson de Trauma e o Inventário de Cognições Pós-Traumáticas. Verificou-se uma baixa, porém significativa capacidade preditiva de traços de humor deprimido e irritação na sintomatologia de TEPT e por meio de regressão logística, um baixo incremento da medida de personalidade utilizada frente ao modelo explicativo do TEPT. Tais resultados sugerem que relações entre personalidade e TEPT são complexas, necessitando de uma compreensão para além de modelos lineares de investigação.

This research aimed to investigate the ability of pathological personality traits improving the prediction of the PTSD. Participated in the study 113 subjects, aged between 19 and 63 years (M=37.5; SD=12.1) of which 66 (58.4%) were female, who experienced a flood event. Were used the Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade, the Escala Davdison de Trauma and the Invemtário de Cognições Pós-Traumáticas. Were found a low but significant predictive ability of traits of depressed mood and anger in PTSD symptoms and by logistic regression it is observed a low increased personality measure used against the explanatory model of PTSD. The findings suggested that the relationship between personality and PTSD are complex, needing an understanding beyond linear models of research.

[Etiology profile of the patients implanted in the cochlear implant program]. / Perfil etiológico dos pacientes implantados do Programa de Implante Coclear.

UNLABELLED: To investigate the major etiological agents that caused deafness in the studied population is of great relevance to prognostic and treatment purposes and it serves as sampling for future actions in the public health. AIM: to check the different hearing impairment etiologies of patients in the cochlear implant program; we studied the etiologies described in order to correlate etiology with age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Longitudinal historical cohort study which analyzed 200 charts from patients submitted to cochlear implantation in the program between August of 2000 and May of 2008. Collected data: age; gender; state of birth; hearing impairment etiology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Unknown etiology prevailed as main cause, and this indicates the need to continue carrying out genetic studies in those cases of congenital sensorineural hearing loss without an apparent cause in order to trace and etiological profile. Rubella was the second most found cause, and for this etiology there already are preventive measures as there are for meningitis. Even then, the incidences of these diseases remain high. In the correlation of the different etiologies and age ranges, we noticed varied etiologies when we compared children, young adults, adults and the elderly.

Formação ética dos enfermeiros: qual a realidade Portuguesa? / Ethics training of nurses: what is the Portuguese reality? / Formación ética de los enfermeros: cómo es la realidad Portuguesa?

Reconhecendo a existência de políticas de educação que norteiam o ensino da Ética em Enfermagem, foi nosso intuito conhecer a realidade da formação inicial dos enfermeiros em Portugal. O enquadramento conceitual efetivou-se na consulta e leitura de obras completas, de documentos (especialmente as recomendações da Ordem dos Enfermeiros), cruzados com concepções fundamentadoras de autores da Ética em Enfermagem e na Filosofia, nomeadamente Watson e Mounier. A coleta de dados foi feita mediante a consulta aos planos de estudo e aos conteúdos programáticos/programas curriculares no âmbito da ética e deontologia das instituições de ensino superior que oferecem cursos de Enfermagem. Verificou-se que somente cinco estabelecimentos cumprem as recomendações da Ordem dos Enfermeiros relativas ao ensino da Ética e da Deontologia. Além disso, há uma variabilidade de nomenclaturas atribuídas às disciplinas/unidades curriculares e aos conteúdos programáticos/programas curriculares, inseridos nas mesmas e uma grande discrepância na carga horária atribuída às diferentes áreas curriculares.

Recognizing the existence of education policies that guide the teaching of Ethics in Nursing, our aim was to know the reality of the initial training of nurses in Portugal. The conceptual framework was accomplished in the consultation and the complete documents' readings (especially the recommendations of the Portuguese Order of Nurses), crossed with foundational conceptions of Nursing Ethics and Philosophy authors, in particular Watson and Mounier. Some of the conclusions of this study relate to the verification that only five establishments comply with the Order of Nurses recommendations regarding the teaching of Ethics and Deontology. There is also a variability of classifications assigned to subjects/courses and program content/curriculum, embedded in them; there is a large discrepancy in the workload assigned to different curriculum areas.

Reconociendo la existencia de políticas educativas que orientan la enseñanza de la Ética en Enfermería, nuestro objetivo fue conocer la realidad de la formación inicial del personal de enfermería en Portugal. El marco conceptual se llevó a cabo en la consulta y la lectura completa de los documentos (sobre todo las recomendaciones de la Orden Portuguesa de Enfermeras), cruzadas con concepciones fundamentales de Ética en Enfermería y de Filosofía, en particular Watson y Mounier. Algunas de las conclusiones de este estudio se refieren a la comprobación de que sólo cinco establecimientos cumplen con las recomendaciones sobre la enseñanza de la Ética y la Deontología. También existe una variabilidad en las clasificaciones asignadas a asignaturas o cursos y el contenido de programas y planes de estudio, integrados en ellos, y una gran discrepancia en el volumen de trabajo asignado a diferentes áreas del currículo.

Perfil etiológico dos pacientes implantados do Programa de Implante Coclear / Etiology profile of the patients implanted in the cochlear implant program

Averiguar os principais agentes etiológicos que causaram a surdez nessa população em estudo é de grande relevância para o prognóstico do tratamento e serve de amostragem para futuras ações de saúde pública. OBJETIVO: Verificar as diferentes etiologias da deficiência auditiva dos pacientes implantados do programa de implante coclear; realizar o levantamento das etiologias encontradas; correlacionar a etiologia com a idade. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte histórico longitudinal com base na análise de 200 prontuários dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de Implante Coclear, realizada no período de agosto de 2000 a maio de 2008. Os dados coletados foram referentes a: idade, sexo, estado de origem, etiologia da deficiência auditiva. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se afirmar que a etiologia desconhecida continua prevalecendo, o que indica a necessidade da realização de estudos genéticos nos casos de surdez neurossensorial congênita sem causa aparente com objetivo de chegar a um real perfil etiológico. A rubéola foi a segunda causa mais encontrada e para essa etiologia já existem medidas preventivas igualmente à meningite. Mesmo assim as incidências dessas patologias continuam altas. Na correlação entre as diferentes etiologias e faixas etárias, constatamos etiologias variadas principalmente na comparação de crianças; adultos jovens; adultos e idosos.

To investigate the major etiological agents that caused deafness in the studied population is of great relevance to prognostic and treatment purposes and it serves as sampling for future actions in the public health. AIM: to check the different hearing impairment etiologies of patients in the cochlear implant program; we studied the etiologies described in order to correlate etiology with age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Longitudinal historical cohort study which analyzed 200 charts from patients submitted to cochlear implantation in the program between August of 2000 and May of 2008. Collected data: age; gender; state of birth; hearing impairment etiology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Unknown etiology prevailed as main cause, and this indicates the need to continue carrying out genetic studies in those cases of congenital sensorineural hearing loss without an apparent cause in order to trace and etiological profile. Rubella was the second most found cause, and for this etiology there already are preventive measures as there are for meningitis. Even then, the incidences of these diseases remain high. In the correlation of the different etiologies and age ranges, we noticed varied etiologies when we compared children, young adults, adults and the elderly.