Methylation multiplicity and its clinical values in cancer.

Methylation at DNA, RNA and protein levels plays critical roles in many cellular processes and is associated with diverse differentiation events, physiological activities and human diseases. To aid in the diagnostic and therapeutic design for cancer treatment utilising methylation, this review provides a boutique yet comprehensive overview on methylation at different levels including the mechanisms, cross-talking and clinical implications with a particular focus on cancers. We conclude that DNA methylation is the sole type of methylation that has been largely translated into clinics and used for, mostly, early diagnosis. Translating the onco-therapeutic and prognostic values of RNA and protein methylations into clinical use deserves intensive efforts. Simultaneous examination of methylations at multiple levels or together with other forms of molecular markers represents an interesting research direction with profound clinical translational potential.

Efficacy and Safety of Biosimilar SCT510 Compared with Bevacizumab for the First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study.

INTRODUCTION: SCT510 is a biosimilar to bevacizumab (Avastin) reference product (RP) that is approved for various metastatic cancers. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the equivalence of SCT510 and bevacizumab in terms of efficacy, safety, immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics (PK) in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Patients with non-squamous NSCLC were randomized equally to the SCT510 group (comprising SCT510, paclitaxel, and carboplatin) and the bevacizumab group (comprising bevacizumab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin) for 4-6 cycles, followed by maintenance monotherapy with SCT510. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) at week 12. Secondary endpoints included 18-week ORR, disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and 1-year survival rate, as well as assessments of safety, immunogenicity, and multi-dose PK analysis. RESULTS: Between March 29, 2019, and April 27, 2021, 989 patients were screened and 567 eligible patients were randomly assigned to the SCT510 group (285 patients) and the bevacizumab group (282 patients). The ORR at week 12 was 52.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 46.66-58.55%] in the SCT510 group and 52.5% (95% CI 46.47-58.47%) in the bevacizumab group. The ORR at week 18 was 55.4% (95% CI 49.46-61.30%) for SCT510 and 55.7% (95% CI 49.68-61.62%) for bevacizumab. The ORR risk ratio (RR) at weeks 12 and 18 was 0.99 (90% CI 0.873-1.133) and 0.99 (90% CI 0.872-1.114), respectively, both within the pre-specified equivalence margin of 0.75-1.33. There were no differences between the two groups in relation to other secondary endpoints, specifically DCR, DOR, PFS, OS, and 1-year survival rate. The overall safety findings were similar between the two treatment groups, and both SCT510 and bevacizumab RP exhibited low immunogenicity. CONCLUSIONS: SCT510 is similar to bevacizumab in clinical efficacy, safety, immunogenicity, and PK in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC. The totality of the evidence supports the clinical equivalence of SCT510 and bevacizumab. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03792074.

Effects of sintilimab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment on health-related quality of life in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: results from the randomized phase 3 ORIENT-15 study.

Background: In ORIENT-15 study, sintilimab plus chemotherapy demonstrated significant improvement on overall survival (OS) versus placebo plus chemotherapy in first-line treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, we report effect of sintilimab plus chemotherapy on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with advanced ESCC. Methods: From December 14, 2018 to August 28, 2022, HRQoL was evaluated in all randomized patients using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 items (QLQ-C30), EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire Oesophageal Cancer Module 18 items (QLQ-OES18), and visual analogue scale (VAS) of the EuroQol five-dimensional five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Mean scores of each scale were described by treatment group through week 60. Least-squares mean (LSM) score change from baseline through week 24 were analyzed using the mixed-model repeated-measures method. Time to the first onset of deterioration (TTD) and OS for each scale were estimated. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT03748134. Findings: As of August 28, 2022, 689 of 690 enrolled patients were assessed for HRQoL analysis (sintilimab group: 340, placebo group: 349). Median follow-up was 32.2 months. Differences in LSM favored sintilimab over placebo for QLQ-C30 social functioning (LSM difference: 3.06, 95% CI: 0.55 to 5.57; P = 0.0170), pain (-2.24, 95% CI: -4.30 to -0.17; P = 0.0337), fatigue (-2.24, 95% CI: -4.46 to -0.02; P = 0.0479), constipation (-3.27, 95% CI -5.49 to -1.05; P = 0.0039), QLQ-OES18 pain (-1.77, 95% CI -3.11 to -0.43; P = 0.0097), trouble swallowing saliva (-2.09, 95% CI: -3.77 to -0.42; P = 0.0146), and choked when swallowing (-3.23, 95% CI: -5.60 to -0.86; P = 0.0076). TTD favored sintilimab over placebo for QLQ-OES18 dysphagia (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61-0.94, P = 0.0104), and trouble swallowing saliva (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.35-0.67, P < 0.0001). Improved OS were observed in patients with better performance in several functioning and symptom scales of QLQ-C30 and QLQ-QES18. Interpretation: The statistically significant differences of several HRQoL scales and improvements in delayed deterioration observed in our study further support the use of sintilimab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced ESCC. Funding: This study was funded by Innovent Biologics and was co-funded by Eli Lilly.

Hsa_circ_0043265 Suppresses Proliferation, Metastasis, EMT and Promotes Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through miR-25-3p/FOXP2 Pathway.

PURPOSE: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the largest type of lung cancer (LC) with a higher mortality rate. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in cancer progression. Therefore, this study was to explore the function of hsa_circ_0043265 in NSCLC. METHODS: The expression levels of hsa_circ_0043265, microRNA-25-3p (miR-25-3p) and forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Ribonuclease R (RNase R) and Actinomycin D (ActD) were used to verify the authenticity and stability of hsa_circ_0043265. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry and transwell assays were used to evaluate the abilities of proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Also, Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to assess the levels of apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation-related proteins and FOXP2 protein. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the interaction between miR-25-3p and hsa_circ_0043265 or FOXP2. Besides, mice xenograft models were constructed to confirm the effect of hsa_circ_0043265 on NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS: Hsa_circ_0043265 was lowly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cells, and its overexpression inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process, while improved the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. MiR-25-3p could be sponged by hsa_circ_0043265, and its overexpression could invert the suppression effect of overexpressed-hsa_circ_0043265 on NSCLC progression. Moreover, FOXP2 was a target of miR-25-3p, and its silencing also could reverse the inhibition effect of overexpressed-hsa_circ_0043265 on NSCLC progression. In addition, hsa_circ_0043265 overexpression reduced the tumor growth of NSCLC in vivo. CONCLUSION: Hsa_circ_0043265 could sponge miR-25-3p to improve FOXP2 expression, thereby inhibiting NSCLC progression. This study showed that hsa_circ_0043265 could be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of NSCLC.

Long Non-Coding RNA CRNDE Promotes Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Progression and Paclitaxel Resistance by Regulating miR-126-5p/ATAD2 Axis.

BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (lncRNA CRNDE) and microRNA-126-5p (miR-126-5p) were reported to be related to the development of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, the detailed mechanism of CRNDE and miR-126-5p is not fully understood. The purpose of this research was to explore their roles and molecular mechanism in CRC. METHODS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the transcription levels of genes. Paclitaxel (PTX) was used to analyze cell drug resistance. 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry analysis were employed to assess cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Furthermore, cell migratory and invasive abilities were measured using transwell assay. The interaction between miR-126-5p and CRNDE or ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 2 (ATAD2) was predicted by online tool starbase and then confirmed using the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Besides, Western blot assay was carried out to detect the levels of proteins. RESULTS: CRNDE and ATAD2 expressions were upregulated and miR-126-5p expression was downregulated in CRC tissues and cells. CRNDE depletion repressed PTX resistance and the growth of CRC cells. Interestingly, we found that miR-126-5p was a target gene of CRNDE, and miR-126-5p directly targeted ATAD2. Furthermore, CRNDE affected CRC cell progression via modulation of miR-126-5p/ATAD2 axis in CRC cells. CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that CRNDE regulated CRC cell development and PTX resistance by modulating miR-126-5p/ATAD2 axis, providing the theoretical basis for the treatment of CRC patients.

The long non-coding RNA HOTAIRM1 suppresses cell progression via sponging endogenous miR-17-5p/ B-cell translocation gene 3 (BTG3) axis in 5-fluorouracil resistant colorectal cancer cells.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy has always been the first-line treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the occurrence of clinical 5-FU resistance is a major reason for CRC therapy failure. This study intended to explore the possible role of long non-coding RNA HOTAIRM1 (HOTAIRM1) in the pathogenesis of 5-FU resistant CRC and its underlying mechanism. Our data showed that HOTAIRM1 was downregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines (HCT116 and SW480), and even lower in 5-FU resistant CRC tissues and cell lines (HCT116/5-FU and SW480/5-FU). In vitro, effects of HOTAIRM1 dysregulation in 5-FU resistant CRC cells were investigated and its overexpression could reduce cell viability, invasion, migration, and multi-drug resistance as evidenced by MTT assay, Transwell assay, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and western blot analyzing expression of drug-resistant genes MRP1 and MDR1, respectively. Mechanically, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) identified that HOTAIRM1 and B-cell translocation gene 3 (BTG3) were target genes of miR-17-5p. Moreover, miR-17-5p was upregulated and BTG3 was downregulated in HCT116/5-FU and SW480/5-FU cells. Silencing of miR-17-5p showed suppressive role on cell viability, invasion, migration, and multi-drug resistance in HCT116/5-FU and SW480/5-FU cells, which could be abolished by HOTAIRM1 knockdown. Similarly, ectopic expression of miR-17-5p reversed BTG3-mediated inhibition on cell viability, invasion, migration, and multi-drug resistance. In vivo, the tumorigenesis of HCT116/5-FU cells when highly expressed HOTAIRM1 by lentivirus infection was inhibited through downregulating miR-17-5p and upregulating BTG3. In conclusion, HOTAIRM1 might act as a tumor-suppressor in 5-FU resistant CRC cells in vitro and in vivo through downregulating miR-17-5p/BTG3 pathway and inhibiting multi-drug resistance.

Synthesis, crystal structures, optical properties, and photocurrent response of heteroacene derivatives.

Six 5,9,14,18-tetrathiaheptacene derivatives (1 a-1 f) were synthesized by using a simple ether-ether exchange reaction and fully characterized. In contrast to the planar conformation usually observed in thiophene-fused benzene systems, single-crystal analysis indicates that 7,16-dipropyl-5,9,14,18-tetrathiaheptacene (1 a), 7,16-diphenyl-5,9,14,18-tetrathiaheptacene (1 b), and 7,16-di(4'-chlorophenyl)-5,9,14,18-tetrathiaheptacene (1 c) adopt chair conformations. The as-formed dihedral angle between anthracene and the terminal benzene units are 137.258, 137.855, and 134.912° for 1 a, 1 b, and 1 c, respectively, which is close to the theoretical optimization results (128° for 1 b). Interestingly, the oxidized product of 7,16-di(trifluoromethylphenyl)-5,9,14,18-tetrathiaheptacene (1 e) has a saddle shape, which results in the formation of column-shaped units in the single crystal. The substituents on the side phenyl group have less effect on their UV/Vis absorption spectra, but a distinct redshift that accounts for the intramolecular charge transfer can be observed in the emission spectra. The electrochemical measurements show that all compounds present two oxidation waves. The photoswitching behavior based on 1 a-1 f was further measured and the experimental results suggest that these heteroacene derivatives are promising semiconductor materials for organic electronics.

Synthesis and physical properties of the conjugated dendrons bearing twisted acenes used in solution processing of organic light-emitting diodes.

Five novel organic conjugated derivatives containing multifraction twisted acene units have been synthesized and characterized. These compounds and the model molecule 2-methyl-5,12-diphenyl-6:7,10:11-bisbenzotetracene emit strong blue light in diluted solution with quantum yields of 0.21-0.67, while in the solid state, except for the 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa(2-(5,12-diphenyl-6:7,10:11-bis(4'-tert-butylbenzo)tetracene))benzene, green luminance is seen. The experimental results also indicate that the multifraction structure leads to a significant fluorescence enhancement (over two times) compared to the monomer, which might be attributed to the formation of delocalized excited state in multibranch structures. The quantum-chemical calculation implies that only two branches are involved in formation of the delocalized system for the multibranched derivatives. Furthermore, the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices using compounds 1,4-di(2-(5,12-diphenyl-6:7,10:11-bis(4'-tert-butylbenzo)tetracene))benzene, 1,3-di(2-(5,12-diphenyl-6:7,10:11-bis(4'-tert-butylbenzo)tetracene))benzene, and 1,3,5-tri(2-(5,12-diphenyl-6:7,10:11-bis(4'-tert-butylbenzo)tetracene))benzene as emitters exhibit good electroluminescent performance. Our systematic studies might provide more chances to challenge the rational design and synthesis of new- and high-generation branched dendrimers.