RESUMEN
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with brain alterations that may contribute to cognitive dysfunctions. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine (CA), abundant in coffee (CF), are natural compounds that have showed important actions in the brain. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of CGA, CA, and CF on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activities and TBARS levels from cerebral cortex, as well as memory and anxiety in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Animals were divided into eight groups (n = 5-10): control; control/CGA 5 mg/kg; control/CA 15 mg/kg; control/CF 0.5 g/kg; diabetic; diabetic/CGA 5 mg/kg; diabetic/CA 15 mg/kg; and diabetic/CF 0.5 g/kg. Our results demonstrated an increase in AChE activity and TBARS levels in cerebral cortex, while δ-ALA-D and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities were decreased in the diabetic rats when compared to control water group. Furthermore, a memory deficit and an increase in anxiety in diabetic rats were observed. The treatment with CGA and CA prevented the increase in AChE activity in diabetic rats when compared to the diabetic water group. CGA, CA, and CF intake partially prevented cerebral δ-ALA-D and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity decrease due to diabetes. Moreover, CGA prevented diabetes-induced TBARS production, improved memory, and decreased anxiety. In conclusion, among the compounds studied CGA proved to be a compound which acts better in the prevention of brain disorders promoted by DM.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Cafeína/farmacología , Ácido Clorogénico/farmacología , Café , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Acetilcolinesterasa/biosíntesis , Animales , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Masculino , Memoria/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos de la Memoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Porfobilinógeno Sintasa/biosíntesis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/biosíntesis , Estreptozocina , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMEN
α-Tocopherol (α-Toc) is involved in various physiologic processes, which present antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. High-fat diets have an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disturbances. This study aimed to investigate the effects of treatment with α-Toc and the consumption of high-fat diets on ectonucleotidase activities in synaptosomes of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of rats. Animals were divided into four different groups, which received standard diet (control), high-fat saturated diet (HF), α-Toc and high-fat saturated diet plus α-Toc (α-Toc + HF). High-fat saturated diet was administered ad libitum and α-Toc by gavage using a dose of 50 mg·kg(-1). After 3 months of treatment, animals were submitted to euthanasia, and cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum were collected for biochemical assays. Results showed that adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) hydrolysis in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum were decreased in HF in comparison to the other groups (P < 0·05). When rats that received HF were treated with α-Toc, the activity of the ectonucleotidases was similar to the control. ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum were increased in the α-Toc group when compared with the other groups (P < 0·05). These findings demonstrated that the HF alters the purinergic signaling in the nervous system and that the treatment with α-Toc was capable of modulating the adenine nucleotide hydrolysis in this experimental condition.
Asunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfatasas/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Sinaptosomas/enzimología , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacología , Adenosina Difosfato/metabolismo , Adenosina Monofosfato/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Animales , Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Cuerpo Estriado/efectos de los fármacos , Cuerpo Estriado/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hidrólisis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptores Purinérgicos/metabolismo , Sinaptosomas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Investigate Vitamin D3 (VD3) effect on the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), oxidative damage and behavioral tests in animals subjected to Intracerebroventicular injection of Streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) simulating a Sporadic Dementia of Alzheimer's Type (SDAT) and treated with VD3 (21 days). METHODS: Animals were divided into eight groups: Vehicle, VD12.5â µg/kg, VD42â µg/kg, VD125â µg/kg, STZ, STZ+VD12.5â µg/kg, STZ+VD42â µg/kg, STZ+VD125â µg/kg. RESULTS: VD3 prevented the increase in AChE in groups of VD42â µg/kg and VD125â µg/kg; in AChE of synaptossomes and TBARS levels prevented the increase in group VD125â µg/kg; in ROS levels there was not a significant difference; for the Carbonyl Content all doses prevented the increase. Total Thiols prevent the decrease in VD42â µg/kg and VD125â µg/kg, and Reduced Glutathione prevented the decrease in VD125â µg/kg, Oxidized Glutathione prevented the increase in VD125â µg/kg. In relation to behavioral tests, the VD3 prevented the increase in time to find (days 2 and 3), in the time to find the platform (day 3) and in time spent in the quadrant (day 2). However, in relation to crossings there was not difference in groups. These results indicated the therapeutic effect of the VD3 in model of STZ in rats.