Role of hydraulic traits in stomatal regulation of transpiration under different vapour pressure deficits across five Mediterranean tree crops.

The differential stomatal regulation of transpiration among plant species in response to water deficit is not fully understood, although several hydraulic traits have been reported to influence it. This knowledge gap is partly due to a lack of direct and concomitant experimental data on transpiration, stomatal conductance, and hydraulic traits. We measured sap flux density (Js), stomatal conductance (gs), and different hydraulic traits in five crop species. Our aim was to contribute to establishing the causal relationship between water consumption and its regulation using a hydraulic trait-based approach. The results showed that the species-specific regulation of Js by gs was overall coordinated with the functional hydraulic traits analysed. Particularly relevant was the negative and significant relationship found between the Huber value (Hv) and its functional analogue ratio between maximum Js and gs (Jsmax/gsmax) which can be understood as a compensation to maintain the hydraulic supply to the leaves. The Hv was also significantly related to the slope of the relationship between gs and Js response to vapour pressure deficit and explained most of its variability, adding up to evidence recognizing Hv as a major trait in plant water relations. Thus, a hydraulic basis for regulation of tree water use should be considered.

Studying the Impact of Different Field Environmental Conditions on Seed Quality of Quinoa: The Case of Three Different Years Changing Seed Nutritional Traits in Southern Europe.

Chenopodium quinoa Willd (quinoa) has acquired an increased agronomical and nutritional relevance due to the capacity of adaptation to different environments and the exceptional nutritional properties of their seeds. These include high mineral and protein contents, a balanced amino acid composition, an elevated antioxidant capacity related to the high phenol content, and the absence of gluten. Although it is known that these properties can be determined by the environment, limited efforts have been made to determine the exact changes occurring at a nutritional level under changing environmental conditions in this crop. To shed light on this, this study aimed at characterizing variations in nutritional-related parameters associated with the year of cultivation and different genotypes. Various nutritional and physiological traits were analyzed in seeds of different quinoa cultivars grown in the field during three consecutive years. We found differences among cultivars for most of the nutritional parameters analyzed. It was observed that the year of cultivation was a determinant factor in every parameter studied, being 2018 the year with lower yields, germination rates, and antioxidant capacity, but higher seed weights and seed protein contents. Overall, this work will greatly contribute to increase our knowledge of the impact of the environment and genotype on the nutritional properties of quinoa seeds, especially in areas that share climatic conditions to Southern Europe.

Effect of Organic and Conventional Management on Bio-Functional Quality of Thirteen Plum Cultivars (Prunus salicina Lindl.).

In this study, thirteen Japanese plum cultivars (Prunus salicina Lindl.) grown under conventional and organic conditions were compared to evaluate the influence of the culture system on bioactive compounds. Their organic acids content (malic, citric, tartaric, succinic, shikimic, ascorbic and fumaric acid), total polyphenols, total anthocyanins, total carotenoids and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, ABTS) were evaluated. The study was performed during two consecutive seasons (2012 and 2013) in two experimental orchards located at the IFAPA centre Las Torres-Tomejil (Seville, SW Spain). The culture system affected all the studied parameters except for total carotenoid content. The organic plums had significantly higher polyphenol and anthocyanin concentrations and a greater antioxidant capacity. Additionally, significant differences between cultivars were also found. 'Showtime' and 'Friar' were the cultivars with the highest polyphenol concentration and antioxidant capacity. 'Black Amber' had the highest anthocyanin content and 'Larry Ann' and 'Songold' the highest carotenoid content. 'Sapphire' and 'Black amber' were the cultivars with the highest concentration of ascorbic acid. Our results showed a strong year effect. In conclusion, organic management had an impact on the production of phytochemical compounds in plums.

Heridas por arma de fuego en abdomen: revisión de los casos ingresados en los año 1993-1994-1995 Hospital "Pérez de León" de Petare / Injuries bullet wounds abdomen: review of the cases entering in the yesrs 1993-1994-1995

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Cirugía del "Hospital Pérez de León", con heridas por arma de fuego en abdomen entre enero de 1993 y diciembre de 1995. Se observó un incremento en el número de casos y en el número de muertes por cada año. Llama la atención que en su mayoría se trató de pacientes jóvenes masculinos, encontrandose que el número más frecuente de pacientes y muertos fueron heridos únicamente por un proyectil. El promedio de días de hospitalización fue de 10,22 días, egresando por mejoría 77,11 por ciento de los casos, mientras que el 15,66 por ciento fallecieron. Los organos abdominales más lesionados fueron: asas intestinales delgadas predomino en yeyuno-ileon, colon, higado y grandes vasos (arteriales y venosos). Es de notar que la mayoría de los fallecidos fueron por lesiones graves en los grandes vasos

Etiología y manejo de la halitosis / Management and etiology of the halitosis

La halitosis es un síntoma, no una enfermedad. Estudiarla requiere un enfoque multidiciplinario. Dentro de su etiología podemos encontrar: ayuno, disminución nocturna del flujo salival, xerostomías de origen diverso, edad, higiene bucal deficiente, embarazo, alcohol y tabaco, enfermedad periodontal, desórdenes hepáticos, gástricos o respiratorios. Su tratamiento debe dirigirse a la causa subyacente; se enfatiza en la apropiada higiene bucal, dietas bajas en grasas, ricas en frutas y vegetales, y abundantes líquidos. Los enjuagues bucales que inhiben el crecimiento bacteriano son una solución temporal

Sida: lesiones de cabeza y cuello / AIDS: head and neck lesions

Sida es la presencia de infecciones oportunistas que indican defectos de la inmunidad celular en ausencia de otras causas de inmunodeficiencia. Las principales lesiones en cabeza y cuello son el Sarcoma de Kaposi y el linfoma de Hodgkin que afectan el Sistema Nervioso Central y otros sitios extranganglionares. Como otras manifestaciones tenemos, en la piel; lesiones por herpes simple o herpes zoster; dermatitis seborreica y angiomatosis bacilar. En nariz y senos paranasales hipertrofia adenoidea, sinusitis. En orofaringe: leucoplasia vellosa, gingivitis y periodintitis; lesiones por papiloma virus humano; candidiasis. Las amígdalas palatinas pueden ser asiento de linfomas extraganglionares