Efficacy of ozonated olive oil against peri-implant microbes isolated from peri-implantitis.

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antimicrobial activity of ozone gel against oral biofilms grown on titanium dental implant discs. The experiment used medical grade five titanium discs on which peri-implant isolated biofilms were grown. The experimental groups were control, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Granulicatella adiacens (G. adiacens), (n = 6). The oral microbes grown on titanium discs were exposed to ozone gel for 3 minutes and the antibacterial activity was assessed by turbidity test and adherence test for the antibiofilm activity test. Bacterial morphology and confluence were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (n=3). Two bacterial species were identified from the peri-implant sample, S. mutans and G. adiacens. The results showed that adding ozone to the bacterial biofilm on titanium dental implants did not exhibit significant antibacterial activity against S. mutans. Moreover, there was no significant difference in antibiofilm activity between control and treatment groups. However, significant antibacterial and antibiofilm effect was exhibited by ozone gel against G. adiacens. Ozonated olive oil can be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent for disinfecting dental implant surfaces and treating peri-implantitis.

Comparison between mastic gum resin extract and chlorhexidine mouthwash in the prevention of biofilm formation on titanium dental implants.

The biofilm formation around dental implant abutment is considered the main cause of peri-implant infection. The use of antimicrobial mouthwash might potentially reduce biofilm formation and subsequent infection. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm properties of mastic gum resin extract (MGRE) against S. Mutans biofilm on the surface of titanium dental implant discs. This study used grade five (medical grade) titanium dental implant discs measuring 15 mm in diameter. The substances in the MGRE were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) which found 12 detectable chemicals in MGRE. In this study, S. mutans was collected around the healing abutment of a recently placed dental implant and then cultured on titanium discs (in vitro). After bacterial growth on the titanium specimens for 24 hours, they were subjected to either chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), (n = 6) or MGRE (n = 6). The antibacterial activity tests showed that both CHX and MGRE significantly inhibited bacterial growth compared to the negative control, the lactate production and turbidity measurements were significantly lower in MGRE and CHX compared to the control (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding the antibiofilm activity, both treatments showed significantly less turbidity in their biofilm compared to the control. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that there were very limited adherence cells on the titanium implant discs in treatment groups, while there were confluent and attached bacterial cells in the control. The MGRE showed an antimicrobial property against S. mutans indicating that it has a potential for clinical use as a mouthwash.

Antibacterial Activity of Dissolved Silver Fractions Released from Silver-Coated Titanium Dental Implant Abutments: A Study on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation.

(1) Background: The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial activity of dissolved silver from silver-coated titanium implants against Streptococcus mutans. (2) Methodology: Silver-coated titanium implant discs were immersed in 1.8 mL of brain heart infusion broth (BHIB) and incubated for 24 h in order to release the silver ions into the broth. The coating quality was confirmed via EDS, and the dissolved silver was measured via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The experimental design used unconditioned broth (control) and broth conditioned with silver released from silver-coated titanium implants (n = 6). Regarding the antibacterial activity, isolated Streptococcus mutans was used. A turbidity test and lactate production test were performed to determine the effect of dissolved silver on bacterial growth in a suspension and biofilm formation. (3) Result: The results showed that the coating was successfully applied on the substrate. There was around 0.3 mg/L of silver released into the BHIB, and the turbidity of the control group was significantly higher than the treatment, with measured absorbance values of 1.4 and 0.8, respectively, indicating that the dissolved silver ions from the silver-coated titanium discs exhibited some degree of antibacterial activity by preventing the growth of Streptococcus mutans. However, the results of the antibiofilm activity test did not show any significant difference between the groups. (4) Conclusion: The dissolved silver from silver-coated titanium implants has an antibacterial activity but not a significant antimicrobial activity, indicating that the dissolved silver from silver-coated titanium abutments can significantly reduce the incidence of peri-implant mucositis.

The biocompatibility of silver and nanohydroxyapatite coatings on titanium dental implants with human primary osteoblast cells.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are antimicrobial, with potential uses in medical implants, but Ag NPs alone can also be toxic to mammalian cells. This study aimed to enhance the biocompatibility of Ag NP-coated titanium dental implants with hydroxyapatite (HA) applied to the surface. Ti6Al4V discs were coated with Ag NPs, Ag NPs plus HA nanoparticles (Ag + nHA), or Ag NPs plus HA microparticles (Ag + mHA). The stability of coatings was explored and the biocompatibility with primary human osteoblasts over 7 days. Results showed that Ti6Al4V discs were successfully coated with silver and HA. The primary particle size of nHA and mHA were 23.90 ±â€¯1.49 nm and 4.72 ±â€¯0.38 µm respectively. Metal analysis showed that underlying silver coatings remain stable in DMEM culture media, but the presence of FBS in the media caused some initial (clinically beneficial) release of dissolved silver. With additions of HA, osteoblasts were adherent, had normal morphology, negligible lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leak, and showed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Cell viability was around 70% throughout the Ag + nHA treatment. Overall, the implants coated with Ag + nHA maintained a higher degree of biocompatibility compared to those coated with Ag + mHA, or Ag NPs alone, suggesting the former has a benefit for clinical use.