Violence against children and adolescents: nurse's actions in primary health care.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the role of nurses in suspected or confirmed cases of violence against children and adolescents in Primary Health Care. METHODS: an analytical research, with a qualitative approach. Thirty nurses participated in the study, and data were collected by means of an individual form and a semi-structured interview. The data received lexicographic analysis by the software IRaMuTeQ (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires) organized by Bardin's content analysis. RESULTS: five categories emerged, in which it was possible to consider that the nurses' approach in cases of violence was based on the identification of violence through physical examination during nursing consultations, health promotion actions in the school environment, request for support from the multi-professional team, and transfer of responsibilities. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: it is inferred that the fragility in the professional training of nurses to address situations of violence against children and adolescents produces deficits in comprehensive care for victims.

Social Representations of nurses on the approach to children and adolescents who are victims of violence.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze social representations from the perspective of the structural aspect about the nurses' approach to children and adolescents who are victims of violence, comparing primary, secondary and tertiary health care services. METHOD: an analytical research study with a qualitative approach under the methodological theoretical framework of the Theory of Social Representations from the Central Core Theory. A total of 76 nurses participated in the study: 30 from primary care, 16 from secondary care and 30 from tertiary care. A semi-structured interview was applied using a pre-defined script and similarity analysis using the Interface of R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires software. RESULTS: structurally, the maximum tree revealed the central core in the upper right quadrant, the first peripheral zone in the upper left quadrant; the second peripheral zone in the lower left quadrant; and the silent zone in the lower right quadrant. The ten branches of the maximum tree emerged from the following terms: hit, leave, approach (n), receive, approach (v), remember, tell, spend, pass, caution, mom. CONCLUSION: the social representations on the nurses' approach in primary, secondary and tertiary care health services evidenced common points as for the lack of notification, transfer of responsibilities, weakness in identifying situations of violence and the need for training.

Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women. METHOD: this is a quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional research conducted with 122 older adult females in the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Data collection was carried out using validated instruments adapted to Brazil. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency) and inferential statistics (Pearson's chi- square, Spearman's correlation test, and Multiple Logistic Regression). RESULTS: there was prevalence of a risk of abuse against older adult women under 70 years of age, literate, without a stable relationship, living alone, without any work activity, and who had an income higher than the minimum wage. There is a significant association between the risk of violence among older women with a higher number of chronic health conditions (24; 77.4%), and who are less active in advanced activities (42; 70.0%). A reduction in quality of life and satisfaction with life, and the onset of depressive symptoms, increase the risk of violence. CONCLUSION: multimorbidity, low functional capacity, depressive symptoms, low quality of life and low satisfaction with life, a high number of chronic conditions, depressive symptoms, and functional dependence to perform daily activities can be conditioning factors for the emergence of abuse against older adults.

Influence of burnout syndrome on the quality of life of nursing professionals: quantitative study.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the burnout syndrome and quality of life among nursing professionals. METHODS: Cross-sectional, analytical study, developed with 83 professionals in emergency care units in the city of Campina Grande-PB. A questionnaire was used to characterize the sample, the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale and the SF-36. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Most professionals showed low professional effectiveness (78.3; n=65), average depersonalization (53.0%; n=44) and average emotional exhaustion (55.4%; n=46). There was a statistical difference between the scores of the syndrome and the pain (p=0.03), vitality (p=0.04) and social aspect (p=0.03); significant correlation between the syndrome and vitality (p<0.001), mental health (p=0.01) and general quality of life (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The burnout syndrome has an influence on the outcome of quality of life of nursing professionals, being more prevalent among professionals with older age, high income and among nurses.

Violence among community elderly and its relationship with the nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of violence among elderly community members and its relationship with nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics. METHOD: Cross-sectional and analytical study developed with 159 community elderly registered at a Family Health Unit in Recife/Pernambuco between March 2016 and March 2017. The Brazil Old Age Schedule, Conflict Tactics Scales and Mini Nutritional Assessment were used as data collection instruments. Data received descriptive and inferential statistical treatment. RESULTS: Among the elderly classified as with violence, there was a predominance of psychological violence (64.3%), and the majority were at risk for malnutrition (54.3%). There was an association between 'having a partner' and psychological (48.1%; p=0.02) and physical (48.1%; p=0.03) violence. Logistic regression demonstrated that being in a relationship or being malnourished increases the likelihood of suffering psychological violence (OR=2.63; OR=3.67), just as not being working increases the likelihood of physical violence (OR=5.61). CONCLUSION: Violence was negatively related to the nutritional status of elderly community members.

Interventions to prevent elder abuse in the community: a mixed-methods systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the interventions proposed in the literature aimed at preventing elder abuse among community-residing elders. METHOD: This was a mixed-methods systematic review that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols checklist. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. We included studies published between January 2004 and December 2019 in the databases: LILACS, IBECS, CUMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE and SciELO. The methodological quality of each study included was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: Seven studies formed the final sample. Two groups emerged after the analyses: the primary level intervention group, which used health education and coexisting elder abuse groups; and the secondary intervention level, focused mostly on the mental health care of victims of elder abuse. CONCLUSION: There is still a shortage of intervention studies to prevent elder abuse. All the studies selected had a positive outcome, and all interventions can be implemented in nursing care practice.

The theme of violence in nursing theses from the view of technological toolboxes.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the data gathering technological tools used in nursing theses on violence from the view of "technological toolboxes". METHOD: It is a descriptive and documental study, with a qualitative approach, based on Thesis available in the last ten volumes of the Catalogue of Theses and Dissertations of the Center of Nursing Studies and Research (CEPEn). Documents presenting technological tools during the data gathering of its studies were selected, and then classified using "technological toolboxes" according to Merhy. RESULTS: 30 theses were selected, data gathering tools were classified in "technological toolboxes" as lightweight, light-hard, and hard technologies, with uniformity in most researches (23; 76.6%). CONCLUSION: Given it is a multifaced phenomenon, violence demands a deeper view, using the most diverse tools for its proper understanding and classification.

Factors associated with depressive symptoms and cognition in elderly victims of violence.

OBJECTIVE: To identify, among elderly people victims of violence, factors associated with depressive symptoms and cognitive function. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study carried out with 56 elderly people classified in situation of violence. To do so it was used the Brazil Old Age Shedule (BOAS), the Conflict Tactics Scales Form R, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Mini-mental State examination (MMSE). RESULTS: Depressive symptoms were more predominant in elderly men, over 70 years old, without partner, illiterate, with no job, receiving up to 1 minimum wage and who lived alone; and the cognitive deficit prevailed in women, over 70 years old, without partner, illiterate, who did not work, receiving up to 1 minimum wage and who lived alone. CONCLUSION: Among the elderly population victim of violence, lack of a partner and cognitive impairment were associated to depressive symptoms; and finding themselves living alone, with no partner and being illiterate were associated to cognitive deficit.

Association of the functional capacity and violence in the elderly community.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the functional capacity of elderly community members and the sociodemographic and violence characteristics. METHODS: Cross-sectional, epidemiological, analytical study with 159 elderly people. For data collection, a questionnaire was used for sociodemographic characterization; the Katz, Lawton and Brody scale; a questionnaire adapted from the FIBRA network; and the Conflict Tactics Scales, analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: It was observed that the sociodemographic variables influence the prevalence of functional dependence for basic activities of daily living and reduction in advanced activities in elderly people with psychological and physical violence. CONCLUSION: The dependence of the elderly for basic and intermediate activities is related to characteristics such as advanced age, work exercise and knowing how to read and write. The participants' functional dependence can favor violent outcomes, whether physical or psychological.

Mental health profile of the elderly community: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the mental health profile of the elderly registered in a Family Health Unit in the city of Recife, Pernambuco State. METHOD: it was a descriptive quantitative study, conducted with 159 elderly through the scales Geriatric Depression, Resilience, Social Support, Life Satisfaction, and Positive and Negative Affects, Mini-Mental State Examination, Stressful Events Inventory and Brazil Old Age Shedule. RESULTS: females, young and literate elderly predominated. Most were satisfied with life, 52.2% without depressive symptoms, 68.6% without cognitive impairment, 67.9% high resilience and 95.8% high social support, but 62% of elderly with depressive symptoms showed cognitive deficit. Negative correlation was identified between depression and cognitive impairment, resilience, social support and life satisfaction. CONCLUSION: assessment of these indicators identifies triggers of psychological distress, assisting the nursing staff in the development of preventive and care actions.

Avaliação da satisfação com a vida e o risco para violência em idosos / Assessment of life satisfaction and risk of violence in elderly / Evaluación de la satisfacción con la vida y riesgo de violencia en personas mayores

Objetivo:descrever a relação da satisfação com a vida e o risco para violência entre homens e mulheres idosos. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado com 159 idosos, utilizando a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test. Os dados foram analisados mediante estatística descritiva (frequência absoluta e relativa, medidas de tendência central e dispersão) e inferencial (Teste t de Student; Regressão Linear). Resultados: a satisfação com a vida segundo o gênero apresentou diferença significativa entre as médias do risco para violência, verificando que os homens idosos que apresentavam risco para violência estavam menos satisfeitos com a vida. Observou-se correlação negativa para o grupo masculino (ß=-0,416) e feminino (ß=-0,293) entre essas variáveis. Conclusão: homens idosos que apresentam risco para violência exibem menores escores de satisfação, apontando que a satisfação com a vida aumenta à medida em que o risco para violência diminui

Objective: to describe the relationship between life satisfaction and risk of violence among elderly men and women. Method: quantitative study, cross-sectional, conducted with 159 elderlies, using the Life Satisfaction Scale and Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistic (absolute and relative frequency, measures of central tendency and dispersion) and inferential (Student's t-test; Linear regression). Results: life satisfaction according to gender presented significant difference between the averages of the risk of violence, verifying that older men that presented risk of violence were less satisfied with life. It was observed negative correlation for male group (ß=-0,416) and female between these variables. (ß=-0,293). Conclusion: older men that presented risk of violence exhibit lower satisfaction scores, pointing out that life satisfaction increases as the risk of violence decreases

Objetivo: describir la relación entre la satisfacción vital y el riesgo de violencia entre hombres y mujeres ancianos. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, realizado con 159 ancianos, utilizando la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida y Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas (frecuencia absoluta y relativa, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión) y estadísticas inferenciales (prueba t de Student; regresión lineal). Resultados: la satisfacción con la vida según el género mostró diferencia significativa entre las medias de riesgo de violencia, verificando que los hombres ancianos que presentaban riesgo de violencia estaban menos satisfechos con la vida. Se observó correlación negativa para el grupo de hombres (ß=-0,416) y mujeres (ß=-0,293) entre estas variables. Conclusión: los hombres ancianos que presentan riesgo de violencia muestran puntuaciones de satisfacción más bajas, lo que indica que la satisfacción con la vida aumenta a medida que disminuye el riesgo de violencia

Violence against children and adolescents: nurse's actions in primary health care / Violencia contra el niño y el adolescente: actuación del enfermero en la atención primaria de salud / Violência contra criança e adolescente: atuação do enfermeiro na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the role of nurses in suspected or confirmed cases of violence against children and adolescents in Primary Health Care. Methods: an analytical research, with a qualitative approach. Thirty nurses participated in the study, and data were collected by means of an individual form and a semi-structured interview. The data received lexicographic analysis by the software IRaMuTeQ (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires) organized by Bardin's content analysis. Results: five categories emerged, in which it was possible to consider that the nurses' approach in cases of violence was based on the identification of violence through physical examination during nursing consultations, health promotion actions in the school environment, request for support from the multi-professional team, and transfer of responsibilities. Final Considerations: it is inferred that the fragility in the professional training of nurses to address situations of violence against children and adolescents produces deficits in comprehensive care for victims.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar actuación de enfermeros en casos sospechosos o confirmados de violencia contra niños y adolescentes en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: investigación analítica, con abordaje cualitativo. Participaron del estudio 30 enfermeros, siendo recolectados los datos por medio de formulario individual y entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos recibieron análisis lexicográfico del software IraMuTeQ (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires) organizado por el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: emergieron cinco categorías, en las cuales fue posible considerar que el abordaje de los enfermeros en casos de violencia se pautó en la identificación de la violencia por el examen físico en las consultas de enfermería, acciones de promoción de la salud en el ambiente escolar, requisición de soporte de la equipe multiprofesional y transferencia de responsabilidades. Consideraciones Finales: se infiere que la fragilidad en la formación profesional del enfermero para abordaje de situaciones de violencia contra niños y adolescentes produce déficits de atención integral a las víctimas.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a atuação dos enfermeiros em casos suspeitos ou confirmados de violência contra crianças e adolescentes na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: pesquisa analítica, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram do estudo 30 enfermeiros, sendo coletados os dados por meio de formulário individual e entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados receberam análise lexicográfica do software IRaMuTeQ (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires) organizada pela análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: emergiram cinco categorias, nas quais foi possível considerar que a abordagem dos enfermeiros em casos de violência se pautou na identificação da violência pelo exame físico nas consultas de enfermagem, ações de promoção da saúde no ambiente escolar, requisição de suporte da equipe multiprofissional e transferência de responsabilidades. Considerações Finais: infere-se que a fragilidade na formação profissional do enfermeiro para abordagem de situações de violência contra crianças e adolescentes produz déficits de atenção integral às vítimas.

Risco de violência e apoio social em idosos: estudo transversal / Riesgo de violencia y apoyo social a adultos mayores: estudio transversal / Risk for violence and social support in the elderly: a cross-sectional study

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o risco de violência e sua relação com o apoio social entre idosos cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos Pesquisa observacional transversal prospectiva, elaborada conforme preconiza a ferramenta STROBE, realizada na cidade de Recife (PE), entre os anos de 2016 e 2017, com pessoas idosas cadastradas em uma unidade de Saúde da Família, da zona urbana. Foram utilizados os instrumentos Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test e Medical Outcome Study: Social Support Scale para caracterização sociodemográfica. A análise foi realizada utilizando-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados A violência contra a pessoa idosa prevaleceu entre os homens, com mais de 70 anos, alfabetizados, sem relacionamento, que não realizavam trabalho remunerado, moravam sozinhos e com renda própria superior a um salário mínimo. As facetas apoio material, apoio emocional/informacional e interação social apresentaram correlação significativa (p<0,000) com o risco de violência. No modelo de regressão, o apoio emocional/informacional demonstrou fator de proteção (razão de chance de 0,952; intervalo de confiança de 95% de 0,91-0,98; p-valor de 0,007) para ocorrência do risco de violência. Conclusão Os idosos com déficit de apoio social são mais vulneráveis ao risco de violência. Porém, destaca-se a faceta apoio emocional/informacional como fator protetivo diante do risco de violência.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar el riesgo de violencia y su relación con el apoyo social entre adultos mayores registrados en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Métodos Investigación observacional transversal prospectiva, elaborada acorde a lo que preconiza la herramienta STROBE, realizada en la ciudad de Recife (Pernambuco), entre los años de 2016 y 2017, con adultos mayores registrados en una unidad de Salud de la Familia, de la zona urbana. Se utilizaron los instrumentos Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test y Medical Outcome Study: Social Support Scale para la caracterización sociodemográfica. El análisis se realizó utilizando estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados La violencia contra la persona mayor prevaleció entre los hombres mayores de 70 años, alfabetizados, sin relaciones, que no realizaban trabajo remunerado, vivían solos y con ingresos propios superiores a un salario mínimo. Los aspectos apoyo material, apoyo emocional/de información e interacción social presentaron correlación significante (p<0,000) con el riesgo de violencia. En el modelo de regresión, el apoyo emocional/de información demostró un factor de protección (razón de probabilidad de 0,952; intervalo de confianza del 95 % de 0,91-0,98; p-valor de 0,007) para la ocurrencia de riesgo de violencia. Conclusión Los adultos mayores con déficit de apoyo social son más vulnerables al riesgo de violencia. Sin embargo, se destaca el aspecto de apoyo emocional/de información como fator de protección ante el riesgo de violencia.

Abstract Objective To analyze the risk for violence and its relationship with social support among elderly persons enrolled in the Family Health Strategy. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional observational study, developed according to the STROBE tool, conducted in the city of Recife (PE), between 2016 and 2017, with elderly adults enrolled in an urban Family Health Unit. The instruments used for sociodemographic characterization were: Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test, and the Medical Outcome Study: Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. Results Violence against the elderly was more prevalent among those who were: men, more than 70 years old, literate, without paid employment, living alone, and receiving an income higher than one time the minimum wage. Material support, emotional/informational support facets, and social interaction showed significant correlation (p<0.000) with the risk for violence. In the regression model, emotional/informational support showed a protective factor (odds ratio 0.952; 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.98; p-value 0.007) for the risk for violence. Conclusion The elderly individual with deficient social support is more vulnerable to the risk for violence. However, the emotional/informational support facet is shown as a protective factor against the risk for violence.

Aplicação da estimulação cognitiva no cuidado ao idoso institucionalizado com demência / Application of cognitive stimulation in the care of institutionalized elderly people with dementia / Aplicación de la estimulación cognitiva en el cuidado de personas mayores institucionalizadas con demência

Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas sobre os cuidados de enfermagem aos idosos institucionalizados com demência. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com a utilização da estratégia PICo. Foram incluídos estudos publicados no intervalo de 2009 a 2018, nas bases de dados LILACS, CINAHL, a MEDLINE e a SCOPUS. Os artigos tiveram sua análise de qualidade realizada a partir do instrumento Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Resultado: de 6.144 textos inicialmente obtidos foram selecionados 7 artigos, sendo 54% publicados em 2010 e 14% no ano de 2016. As intervenções identificadas estão relacionadas à prática de atividades físicas e de estimulação cognitiva, as quais demonstram ser bastante positivas no cuidado ao idoso com demência, pois permite estimular funções cerebrais ainda preservadas, promovendo uma melhora na sua qualidade de vida. Conclusão: a maioria das intervenções identificadas podem ser aplicadas pela equipe multiprofissional e podem ser associadas, quando necessário, aos recursos farmacológicos

Objective: to identify the scientific evidence on nursing care for institutionalized elderly people with dementia. Method: this is an integrative literature review, using the PICo strategy. Studies published from 2009 to 2018 were included in the LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases. The articles were analyzed for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Result: of 6,144 texts initially obtained, 7 articles were selected, 54% of which were published in 2010 and 14% in 2016. The identified interventions are related to the practice of physical activities and cognitive stimulation, which prove to be quite positive in the care of the child. elderly with dementia, as it allows to stimulate brain functions still preserved, promoting an improvement in their quality of life. Conclusion: most of the identified interventions can be applied by the multiprofessional team and can be associated, when necessary, with pharmacological resources

Objetivo: identificar la evidencia científica sobre el cuidado de enfermería para personas mayores institucionalizadas con demencia. Método: esta es una revisión de literatura integradora, utilizando la estrategia PICo. Los estudios publicados de 2009 a 2018 se incluyeron en las bases de datos LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE y SCOPUS. La calidad de los artículos se analizó utilizando la Herramienta de evaluación de métodos mixtos. Resultado: de 6.144 textos obtenidos inicialmente, se seleccionaron 7 artículos, el 54% de los cuales se publicaron en 2010 y el 14% en 2016. Las intervenciones identificadas están relacionadas con la práctica de actividades físicas y la estimulación cognitiva, que resultan ser bastante positivas en el cuidado del niño. ancianos con demencia, ya que permite estimular las funciones cerebrales aún preservadas, promoviendo una mejora en su calidad de vida. Conclusión: la mayoría de las intervenciones identificadas pueden ser aplicadas por el equipo multiprofesional y pueden asociarse, cuando sea necesario, con recursos farmacológicos

Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study / Fatores associados ao risco de violência contra mulheres idosas: um estudo transversal / Factores asociados con el riesgo de violencia contra mujeres de edad avanzada: un estudio transversal

Objective: to identify the factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women. Method: this is a quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional research conducted with 122 older adult females in the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Data collection was carried out using validated instruments adapted to Brazil. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency) and inferential statistics (Pearson's chi- square, Spearman's correlation test, and Multiple Logistic Regression). Results: there was prevalence of a risk of abuse against older adult women under 70 years of age, literate, without a stable relationship, living alone, without any work activity, and who had an income higher than the minimum wage. There is a significant association between the risk of violence among older women with a higher number of chronic health conditions (24; 77.4%), and who are less active in advanced activities (42; 70.0%). A reduction in quality of life and satisfaction with life, and the onset of depressive symptoms, increase the risk of violence. Conclusion: multimorbidity, low functional capacity, depressive symptoms, low quality of life and low satisfaction with life, a high number of chronic conditions, depressive symptoms, and functional dependence to perform daily activities can be conditioning factors for the emergence of abuse against older adults.

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados ao risco de violência contra mulheres idosas. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, analítica e transversal, realizada com 122 mulheres idosas na cidade de Recife, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de instrumentos validados e adaptados para o Brasil. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva (frequência absoluta e relativa) e estatística inferencial (qui-quadrado de Pearson, teste de correlação de Spearman e regressão logística múltipla). Resultados: houve prevalência de risco de maus-tratos em mulheres idosas com menos de 70 anos, alfabetizadas, sem união estável, morando sozinhas, sem nenhuma atividade laboral e com renda superior a um salário mínimo. Existe uma associação significativa entre o risco de violência entre mulheres idosas com maior número de doenças crônicas (24; 77,4%) e menos ativas em atividades avançadas (42; 70,0%). A redução da qualidade de vida e do nível de satisfação com a vida e o aparecimento de sintomas depressivos aumentam o risco de violência. Conclusão: multimorbidade, baixa capacidade funcional, sintomas depressivos, baixa qualidade de vida e baixa satisfação com a vida, elevado número de condições crônicas, sintomas depressivos e dependência funcional para a realização de atividades diárias podem ser fatores condicionantes para o surgimento de maus-tratos contra idosos.

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados con el riesgo de violencia contra mujeres de edad avanzada. Método: se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, analítica y transversal realizada con 122 mujeres de edad avanzada en la ciudad de Recife, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo utilizando instrumentos validados y adaptados al Brasil. En el análisis se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas (frecuencia absoluta y relativa) y estadísticas inferenciales (prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson, prueba de correlación de Spearman y Regresión Logística Múltiple). Resultados: se observó prevalencia de riesgo de abuso contra mujeres mayores de 70 años, alfabetizadas, sin una relación estable, que viven solas, sin ninguna actividad laboral y que tienen un ingreso superior al salario mínimo. Existe una asociación significativa entre el riesgo de violencia entre las mujeres de edad avanzada con un mayor número de condiciones de salud crónicas (24; 77,4%), y aquellas con menos actividad (42; 70,0%). La reducción de la calidad de vida y la insatisfacción con la vida, así como la aparición de síntomas de depresión, aumentan el riesgo de violencia. Conclusión: la multimorbilidad, la baja capacidad funcional, los síntomas de depresión, la baja calidad de vida, la insatisfacción con la vida, un elevado número de afecciones crónicas y la dependencia funcional para realizar actividades cotidianas pueden ser factores condicionantes para la aparición del abuso contra personas de edad avanzada.

Interventions to prevent elder abuse in the community: a mixed-methods systematic review / Intervenções para prevenir o abuso de idosos na comunidade: uma revisão sistemática de métodos mistos / Intervenciones para prevenir el abuso de personas mayores en la comunidad: una revisión sistemática de métodos mixtos

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the interventions proposed in the literature aimed at preventing elder abuse among community-residing elders. Method: This was a mixed-methods systematic review that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols checklist. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. We included studies published between January 2004 and December 2019 in the databases: LILACS, IBECS, CUMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE and SciELO. The methodological quality of each study included was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: Seven studies formed the final sample. Two groups emerged after the analyses: the primary level intervention group, which used health education and coexisting elder abuse groups; and the secondary intervention level, focused mostly on the mental health care of victims of elder abuse. Conclusion: There is still a shortage of intervention studies to prevent elder abuse. All the studies selected had a positive outcome, and all interventions can be implemented in nursing care practice.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar na literatura as intervenções propostas para prevenir maus-tratos a idosos residentes na comunidade. Método: Revisão sistemática mista conduzida de acordo com a recomendação PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis). O protocolo desta revisão sistemática foi registrado no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2019 nas bases de dados: LILACS, IBECS, CUMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE e SciELO. Para avaliar a qualidade metodológica de cada estudo incluído, foi utilizada a Ferramenta para Análise de Métodos Mistos. Resultados: Sete estudos formaram a amostra final. Após as análises, emergiram dois grupos, o grupo de intervenção de nível primário, onde foi utilizada educação em saúde e grupos de abuso de idosos coexistentes; e o grupo de intervenção de nível secundário, focado principalmente na atenção à saúde mental dos idosos vítimas de abuso. Conclusão: Estudos de intervenção para prevenir o abuso de idosos ainda são escassos. Todos os estudos selecionados tiveram resultado positivo, e todas as intervenções podem ser implementadas na prática assistencial de enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las intervenciones propuestas en la literatura dirigidas a prevenir el maltrato a personas mayores residentes en la comunidad. Método: Revisión sistemática de métodos mixtos realizada de acuerdo con la recomendación PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis). El protocolo para esta revisión sistemática se registró en el International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Se incluyeron los estudios publicados entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2019 en las bases de datos: LILACS, IBECS, CUMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE y SciELO. Para evaluar la calidad metodológica de cada estudio incluido, se utilizó la Herramienta de Análisis de Métodos Mixtos. Resultados: Siete estudios formaron la muestra final. Después del análisis, surgieron dos grupos, el grupo de intervención de nivel primario, donde se utilizó educación para la salud y grupos de abuso de las personas mayores coexistentes; y el grupo de intervención de nivel secundario, enfocado principalmente en la atención de salud mental de personas mayores víctimas de abuso. Conclusión: Los estudios de intervención para prevenir el maltrato a las personas mayores aún son escasos. Todos los estudios seleccionados tuvieron resultados positivos y todas las intervenciones se pueden implementar en la práctica del cuidado de enfermería.

Violence among community elderly and its relationship with the nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics / Violencia entre ancianos de la comunidad y su relación con características nutricionales y sociodemográficas / Violência entre idosos comunitários e sua relação com o estado nutricional e características sociodemográficas

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the prevalence of violence among elderly community members and its relationship with nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics. Method: Cross-sectional and analytical study developed with 159 community elderly registered at a Family Health Unit in Recife/Pernambuco between March 2016 and March 2017. The Brazil Old Age Schedule, Conflict Tactics Scales and Mini Nutritional Assessment were used as data collection instruments. Data received descriptive and inferential statistical treatment. Results: Among the elderly classified as with violence, there was a predominance of psychological violence (64.3%), and the majority were at risk for malnutrition (54.3%). There was an association between 'having a partner' and psychological (48.1%; p=0.02) and physical (48.1%; p=0.03) violence. Logistic regression demonstrated that being in a relationship or being malnourished increases the likelihood of suffering psychological violence (OR=2.63; OR=3.67), just as not being working increases the likelihood of physical violence (OR=5.61). Conclusion: Violence was negatively related to the nutritional status of elderly community members.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la prevalencia de violencia entre ancianos de la comunidad y su relación con el estado nutricional y las características sociodemográficas. Método: Estudio transversal and analítico realizado con 159 ancianos de la comunidad registrados en una unidad de salud familiar en Recife/Pernambuco. Se utilizó el Brazil Old Age Schedule; Conflict Tactics Scales y Mini Nutritional Assessment como instrumentos de recolección. Los datos recibieron tratamiento estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: Entre los ancianos clasificados con violencia, predominaba la violencia psicológica (64,3%), y la mayoría de ellos están en riesgo de desnutrición (54,3%). Hubo una asociación entre 'tener pareja' y violencia psicológica (48,1%; p=0,02) y física (48,1%; p=0,03). La regresión logística demostró que estar en una relación o estar desnutrido aumenta la probabilidad de sufrir violencia psicológica (OR=2,63; OR=3,67), así como, no estar trabajando aumenta la probabilidad de violencia física (OR=5,61). Conclusión: La violencia se relacionó negativamente con el estado nutricional de los ancianos de la comunidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência da violência entre idosos comunitários e sua relação com o estado nutricional e características sociodemográficas. Método: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido com 159 idosos comunitários cadastrados em Unidade de Saúde da Família em Recife/Pernambuco entre março de 2016 e março de 2017. Foram utilizados Brazil Old Age Schedule, Conflict Tactics Scales e Mini Nutritional Assessment como instrumentos de coleta. Os dados receberam tratamento estatístico descritivo e inferencial. Resultados: Dentre os idosos considerados com violência, houve predomínio da violência psicológica (64,3%), e a maioria possuía risco para desnutrição (54,3%). Verificou-se associação entre 'ter um companheiro' e a violência psicológica (48,1%; p=0,02) e física (48,1%; p=0,03). A regressão logística demonstrou que ter um companheiro ou estar desnutrido aumenta a probabilidade de sofrer violência psicológica (OR=2,63; OR=3,67), assim como não estar trabalhando aumenta a probabilidade de violência física (OR=5,61). Conclusões: A violência se relacionou negativamente ao estado nutricional dos idosos comunitários.

Social Representations of nurses on the approach to children and adolescents who are victims of violence / Representaciones Sociales del enfermero sobre el abordaje de niños y adolescentes víctimas de violencia / Representações Sociais do enfermeiro sobre a abordagem às crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência

Objective: to analyze social representations from the perspective of the structural aspect about the nurses' approach to children and adolescents who are victims of violence, comparing primary, secondary and tertiary health care services. Method: an analytical research study with a qualitative approach under the methodological theoretical framework of the Theory of Social Representations from the Central Core Theory. A total of 76 nurses participated in the study: 30 from primary care, 16 from secondary care and 30 from tertiary care. A semi-structured interview was applied using a pre-defined script and similarity analysis using the Interface of R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires software. Results: structurally, the maximum tree revealed the central core in the upper right quadrant, the first peripheral zone in the upper left quadrant; the second peripheral zone in the lower left quadrant; and the silent zone in the lower right quadrant. The ten branches of the maximum tree emerged from the following terms: hit, leave, approach (n), receive, approach (v), remember, tell, spend, pass, caution, mom. Conclusion: the social representations on the nurses' approach in primary, secondary and tertiary care health services evidenced common points as for the lack of notification, transfer of responsibilities, weakness in identifying situations of violence and the need for training.

Objetivo: analizar las representaciones sociales desde la perspectiva de la vertiente estructural sobre el abordaje del enfermero a los niños y adolescentes víctimas de violencia, comparando los servicios de atención primaria, secundaria y terciaria. Método: investigación analítica con enfoque cualitativo basada en el marco teórico metodológico de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales a partir de la Teoría del Núcleo Central. En el estudio participaron 76 enfermeros en total, 30 de atención primaria, 16 de atención secundaria y 30 de atención terciaria. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada utilizando un cuestionario predefinido y el análisis de similitud a través del software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados: estructuralmente, el árbol máximo reveló el núcleo central en el cuadrante superior derecho, la primera zona periférica en el cuadrante superior izquierdo; la segunda zona periférica en el cuadrante inferior izquierdo y en el cuadrante inferior derecho la zona muda. Las diez ramas del árbol máximo surgieron de los términos: golpear, dejar, abordaje, recibir, abordar, recordar, contar, pasar, cuidado, madre. Conclusión: las representaciones sociales del abordaje de los enfermeros en los servicios de atención primaria, secundaria y terciaria de la salud demostraron que tenían puntos en común en cuanto a la falta de notificación, transferencia de responsabilidades, deficiencia en la identificación de situaciones de violencia y necesidad de capacitación.

Objetivo: analisar as representações sociais na perspectiva da vertente estrutural sobre a abordagem do enfermeiro às crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência, comparando-se serviços de saúde de atenção primária, secundária e terciária. Método: pesquisa analítica com abordagem qualitativa sob o aporte teórico metodológico da Teoria das Representações Sociais a partir da Teoria do Núcleo Central. Participaram do estudo 76 enfermeiros, sendo 30 da atenção primária, 16 da atenção secundária e 30 da atenção terciária. Aplicou-se entrevista semiestruturada por meio de roteiro pré-definido e análise de similitude a partir do software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados: estruturalmente, a árvore máxima revelou o núcleo central no quadrante superior direito, a primeira zona periférica no quadrante superior esquerdo; a segunda zona periférica no quadrante inferior esquerdo e no quadrante inferior direito a zona muda. As dez ramificações da árvore máxima emergiram a partir dos termos: bater, deixar, abordagem, receber, abordar, lembrar, contar, passar, cuidado, mãe. Conclusão: as representações sociais da abordagem dos enfermeiros nos serviços de saúde de atenção primária, secundária e terciária evidenciaram pontos em comum quanto a déficit de notificação, transferência de responsabilidades, fragilidade na identificação das situações de violência e necessidade de capacitação.

Atuação do enfermeiro forense em casos de agressão sexual no contexto norte-americano / Desempeño de la enfermera forense en casos de agresión sexual en el contexto norteamericano / Performance of the forensic nurse in cases of sexual aggression in North American context

Objetivo: descrever a atuação do enfermeiro forense em casos de agressão sexual no contexto da assistência norte-americana. Método: revisão integrativa, conduzida nas bases/plataformas indexadas: Scientific Electronic Library Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, entre 2009 e 2019. Utilizou-se o Statement Preferred Reporting items For Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analyses, para a sistematização dos estudos. Resultados: sete artigos compuseram a amostra, os quais emergiram a categoria Atuação e capacitação ao exame forense dos enfermeiros forenses no atendimento de vítimas de violência sexual. Conclusão: a atuação deste profissional ocorre nos hospitais e clínicas especializadas, sendo aptos na realização da coleta de vestígios, exame físico, acolhimento, testemunho em crimes de violência, e no campo educacional para capacitar e treinar novos profissionais.(AU)

Objective: to describe the role of the forensic nurse in cases of sexual assault in the context of North American assistance. Method: integrative review, conducted on the indexed bases/platforms Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and Medical Literature and Retrieval System, between 2009 and 2019. It was used o Statement Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes, for the systematization of studies. Results: seven articles made up the sample, which emerged the category Performance and training in the forensic examination of forensic nurses in the care of victims of sexual violence. Conclusion: the performance of this professional occurs in hospitals and specialized clinics, being able to carry out the collection of traces, physical examination, reception, testimony in crimes of violence, and in the educational field to train new professionals.(AU)

Objetivo: describir el rol de la enfermera forense en casos de agresión sexual en el contexto de la asistencia norteamericana. Método: revisión integradora, realizada en las bases/plataformas indexadas: Scientific Electronic Library Online, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud y Literatura Médica y Retrieval System, entre 2009 y 2019. Se utilizó o Statement Preferred Reporting Ítems para Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metanálisis, para la sistematización de estudios. Resultados: siete artículos conformaron la muestra, de los cuales surgió la categoría Desempeño y capacitación en el examen forense de enfermeras forenses en la atención de víctimas de violencia sexual. Conclusión: la actuación de este profesional se da en hospitales y clínicas especializadas, pudiendo realizar la recolección de rastros, examen físico, recepción, testimonio en delitos de violencia, y en el ámbito educativo para capacitar a nuevos profesionales.(AU)

Avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico e pós transplante renal / Evaluation of the quality of life of patients undergoing hemodialysis and post renal transplantation

Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a qualidade de vida de pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico e pós transplantados. Método:Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, descritiva e exploratória, realizada no município de Campina Grande-PB, Brasil, constituída por 103 pacientes. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos, um sociodemográfico que também avaliava as características gerais da doença,e um já validado avaliando a qualidade de vida. A análise foi descritiva (frequências relativas, absolutas, média, mediana, moda, desvio padrão máximo e mínimo) e inferencial (qui-quadrado de Fisher).Resultados: Os resultados indicam melhora do escore total de qualidade de vida dos pacientes transplantados em comparação aos pacientes em hemodiálise, esse quadro reflete-se em todas as facetas do instrumento, com exceção ao estado geral de saúde, qual a média dos pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico apresentou-se maior do que os pacientes transplantados. Conclusão:Confirma-se a hipótese do estudo na qual, o transplante renal melhora a qualidade de vida do paciente, quando comparado ao tratamento hemodialítico, minimizando os efeitos da doença e os custos com os cuidados.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the quality of life of patients undergoing hemodialysis and post-transplant treatment. Method: this is a cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study, carried out in the city of Campina Grande-PB, Brazil, with 103 patients. Two instruments were used, one sociodemographic that also values the characteristics of education and another that has already been validated through the assessment of quality of life. The analysis was descriptive (relative, absolute, mean, median, mode, maximum and minimum standard deviation) and inferential (Fisher's chi-square).Results: The results indicate the total quality of life score of two transplanted patients in relation to patients on hemodialysis, this square reflects in all facets of the instrument, in addition to the general health status, which means that two patients undergoing hemodialysis seems to be betterthan transplant patients.Conclusion: Confirm the study hypothesis that kidney transplantation occurs according to the patient's quality of life, when compared to hemodialysis treatment, minimizing the effects of teaching and care costs.