RESUMEN
PURPOSE: We investigated whether self-compassion and mindfulness are associated with quality of life in patients undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 183 patients (100% response rate) undergoing chemotherapy was conducted at a Brazilian hospital between August and December 2019. A questionnaire was administered by the research team, collecting clinical and demographic data as well as responses to the Self-compassion scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General instrument. Data analysis comprised descriptive and inferential statistics, with multiple regression and Spearman's rank-order correlation testing for associations between quality of life, self-compassion and mindfulness. RESULTS: Mean scores for the study variables were 4.23 (SD = 0.63) for self-compassion, 69.05 (SD = 13.27) for mindfulness, and 80.25 (SD = 12.62) for quality of life. Significant positive correlations were observed between quality of life and self-compassion (r = 0.466, p < 0.001), as well as for quality of life and mindfulness (r = 0.325, p < 0.001). Higher levels of self-compassion and mindfulness were associated with better quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: This research suggests merit in further studies of self-compassion and mindfulness either as predictor variables or for direct causal effect on quality of life in cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy. We recommend that future studies incorporate an intervention and experimental design.