RESUMEN
Thirteen lactating dairy cows from a herd of 650 died over a 6-week period. Most animals were down in milk production at 1 milking and were found dead at the next milking. Two cows had elevated heart rate and enlarged mandibular lymph nodes. Two others had azotemia, elevated heart rate, hyperglycemia, and weight loss. Necropsy of 10 cows revealed hemorrhages on the intestinal serosa and epicardium, lymphadenopathy, interstitial nephritis, small intestinal hemorrhage, and interstitial pneumonia. Histopathology showed lymphocytic to lymphogranulomatous inflammation in the heart, spleen, kidney, lymph nodes, liver, lung, pancreas, and adrenal gland. Phlebitis was present in 2 livers. The lesions resembled those of hairy vetch toxicosis, but no vetch was being fed. Similar lesions have been reported with the feeding of citrus pulp. Citrus pulp was being fed to the lactating cows and had been added to the diet 6 weeks before the first death. The syndrome resolved with elimination of citrus pulp from the diet.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/etiología , Citrus/envenenamiento , Intoxicación por Plantas/veterinaria , Animales , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas/veterinaria , Análisis Químico de la Sangre/veterinaria , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Hemorragia/veterinaria , Hiperglucemia/veterinaria , Riñón/patología , Lactancia , Hígado/patología , Leche/metabolismo , Miocardio/patología , Intoxicación por Plantas/diagnóstico , Intoxicación por Plantas/patología , Bazo/patología , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
Horses at a veterinary teaching hospital and a slaughterhouse were surveyed for antibodies to Brucella abortus, B canis and Actinobacillus equuli. Four of the 141 hospitalised horses and none of the 73 slaughtered horses had titres of 1:100 or greater to B abortus. Six horses of both populations reacted to the card test. One was culture positive. A card test using B canis antigen was positive in 38 per cent of the sera from hospitalised horses and all of the slaughtered horses. Twenty (27.4 per cent) of the latter group had high tires in a tube agglutination test. High titres could not be reduced by 2-mercaptoethanol serum treatment. The titres appeared to be associated with advanced age but not to sex. Adsorption of sera with B canis did not affect titres to A equuli but the reverse was true.
Asunto(s)
Actinobacillus/inmunología , Aglutininas/análisis , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Brucella abortus/inmunología , Brucella/inmunología , Caballos/inmunología , Mataderos , Pruebas de Aglutinación/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
An outbreak of neurologic disease associated with serologic evidence of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection occurred in a herd of 46 riding school horses. Ataxia and paresis were observed in 14 geldings and 5 barren mares. Eight affected horses had distal limb edema, 1 horse had a head tilt, and 3 others had urinary incontinence. Other clinical signs included fever, depression, and inappetance in 30 horses. Seven horses with neurologic signs were treated with acyclovir. Serum neutralizing antibody titers against EHV-1 increased 4-fold between acute and convalescent samples or exceeded 1:256 in 19 of 44 horses, confirming recent infection. A significantly greater proportion of horses that seroconverted were mares (P = .014). Of the 19 horses exhibiting ataxia and paresis, 17 made a complete recovery, 1 made a partial recovery, and 1 was euthanized.
Asunto(s)
Ataxia/veterinaria , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Équido 1 , Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Paresia/veterinaria , Animales , Ataxia/etiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/complicaciones , Herpesvirus Équido 1/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Caballos , Masculino , Paresia/etiología , PronósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine pharmacokinetic variables that describe disposition of ketoprofen after its i.v. administration to foals < 24 hours old. ANIMALS: 6 healthy foals (1 male and 5 females); mean age, 12.5 (range, 8.5 to 17) hours at time of dose administration. PROCEDURE: Ketoprofen was administered i.v. to foals at a dosage of 2.2 mg/kg of body weight. Ketoprofen concentration in plasma samples was analyzed, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Concentration versus time profiles were analyzed according to standard pharmacokinetic techniques. Blood samples were obtained from foals by jugular venipuncture at defined times during a 48-hour period. Samples were centrifuged, and plasma was frozen at -70 C until analyzed. One-, two-, and three-compartment analyses were conducted. The most appropriate model was determined by use of Akaike's information criterion analysis. RESULTS: Plasma concentration versus time profiles were best described, using a two-compartment open model. Clearance (normalized for body weight) was significantly lower than that determined for adult horses. Volume of distribution (normalized for body weight) was larger than that determined for adult horses. Mean (harmonic) plasma half-life for healthy foals < 24 hours old was 4.3 hours. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although additional factors, such as dehydration or sepsis, must be considered on a case-by-case basis, the dose of ketoprofen administered to foals < 24 hours old should be different from the dose administered to adult horses. Under similar clinical circumstances, doses in foals should be increased by as much as 1.5 times to produce comparable therapeutic concentrations; longer dose intervals, based on clinical response, would be necessary to avoid drug toxicity.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacocinética , Cetoprofeno/farmacocinética , Envejecimiento , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/sangre , Peso Corporal , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Femenino , Semivida , Caballos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Cetoprofeno/administración & dosificación , Cetoprofeno/sangre , Masculino , Tasa de Depuración Metabólica , Modelos Biológicos , Valores de Referencia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A mature Brangus bull received the recommended dose of chlorpyrifos and became dull and inappetent 3 days later. Clinical findings included weakness, dehydration, rumen stasis, and rumen distention with fluid and gas. Blood cholinesterase activity was 25% of normal. The bull's condition improved after treatment with pralidoxime, antimicrobials, electrolyte solutions, vitamins, and adsorbents. Five weeks later, the bull had gained weight, the blood cholinesterase activity was 70% of normal, and the results of a semen evaluation indicated he was a satisfactory potential breeder.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inducido químicamente , Cloropirifos/envenenamiento , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Compuestos de Pralidoxima/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Lidocaine intoxication developed inadvertently in a group of ewes. Six ewes used in a student laboratory session on laparotomy procedures were anesthetized locally with lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) prior to simultaneous bilateral laparotomy. Shortly after the administration of lidocaine hydrochloride, the ewes developed muscle tremors and became recumbent, with a variety of neurologic signs including dullness, opisthotonos, odontoprisis, mydriasis, blindness, extensor rigidity, and convulsions. The ewes were given intravenous fluid therapy, and 90 minutes after the onset of signs, the ewes were standing, dull, and appetent. The laboratory session was rescheduled 2 weeks later, using the same ewes and a reduced dosage of lidocaine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg). There were no adverse effects and the simultaneous bilateral laparotomy procedure was completed without complications. The authors recommend the use of lidocaine hydrochloride at a dosage not exceeding 10 mg/kg for ewes requiring extensive local anesthesia.
Asunto(s)
Lidocaína/efectos adversos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/inducido químicamente , Animales , Bovinos , Perros , Femenino , Fluidoterapia , Humanos , Laparotomía , Lidocaína/administración & dosificación , Lidocaína/metabolismo , Embarazo , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/terapiaRESUMEN
The deposition of immune complexes in the synovial membrane resulted in polysynovitis in 4 foals. All 4 foals had an infection at a site other than the joints. The polysynovitis was characterized by marked effusions of affected joints and joint stiffness. Bacterial and mycoplasmal cultures of the joints did not yield growth. Staining of synovial membrane biopsy specimens with fluorescein-labeled anti-equine IgG revealed immune complexes in the synovial membrane. Immune-mediated polysynovitis might develop in foals with bacterial infections. We propose that deposition of immunoglobulin in the synovial membrane of the affected foals was caused by an increase in circulating immune complexes formed as a result of the primary disease processes.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/etiología , Enfermedades del Complejo Inmune/veterinaria , Sinovitis/veterinaria , Infecciones por Actinomycetales/complicaciones , Infecciones por Actinomycetales/veterinaria , Animales , Infecciones Bacterianas/complicaciones , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/complicaciones , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/inmunología , Caballos , Enfermedades del Complejo Inmune/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Complejo Inmune/inmunología , Masculino , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/complicaciones , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/veterinaria , Rhodococcus , Sinovitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sinovitis/etiología , Sinovitis/inmunologíaRESUMEN
A pregnant, miniature horse mare had clinical signs of hepatoencephalopathy and concurrent hypocalcemia. The signs included dullness, inappetence, blindness, head pressing, weakness, muscle fasiculations, uveitis, and urinary incontinence. Hepatic dysfunction and hypocalcemia were confirmed by serum biochemical analysis. The mare was treated successfully with a continuous infusion of Ringer solution, calcium gluconate, dextrose, B-complex vitamins, sodium ampicillin, and flunixin meglumine; topical administration of ophthalmic ointments; and decompression of the urinary bladder. Histologic examination of a liver biopsy specimen revealed acute hepatic necrosis, which likely was associated with administration of a vaccine of equine origin 2 months earlier.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Hipocalcemia/veterinaria , Hepatopatías/veterinaria , Complicaciones del Embarazo/veterinaria , Animales , Biopsia/veterinaria , Encefalopatías/etiología , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/etiología , Caballos , Hipocalcemia/complicaciones , Hígado/patología , Hepatopatías/complicaciones , Necrosis , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Clinical, echocardiographic, and right-side cardiac catheterization data were collected in 6 horses with ventricular septal defects. The defects were confirmed by necropsy in 5 horses. On echocardiography, the cardiac dimensions were normal in 3 horses and enlarged in 2 others. A step-up in partial oxygen pressure between right atrium and right ventricle suggested a left-to-right shunt in 3 of the 4 horses catheterized. In 1 foal, a small defect without PO2 step-up was documented by angiocardiography. The oxymetry and pressure data were compared with previous cases from the reviewed literature, and the importance of pressure measurements to rule out concomitant defects was emphasized.
Asunto(s)
Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Animales , Cateterismo Cardíaco/veterinaria , Ecocardiografía/veterinaria , Femenino , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/diagnóstico , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/patología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Caballos , Miocardio/patologíaRESUMEN
Six of a group of 100 feeder lambs that had been deprived of sodium chloride, then more recently deprived of water, developed water deprivation-sodium chloride intoxication soon after water and a mineral supplement containing sodium chloride were reintroduced. The clinical signs included somnolence, intense thirst, and generalized muscle fasciculations. Serum chemical analyses revealed profound hypernatremia and hyperchloremia. Two mildly affected lambs recovered with partial water restriction and 2 severely affected lambs died despite medication to reduce cerebral edema. Postmortem examination of the 2 treated lambs and the 2 lambs found dead revealed microscopic evidence of cerebral edema and cerebrocorticonecrosis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Ovejas/patología , Cloruro de Sodio/envenenamiento , Privación de Agua/fisiología , Animales , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/diagnóstico , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A 5-month-old Holstein heifer had clinical signs of tricuspid valve insufficiency and histopathologic evidence of endocardial fibroelastosis. The calf had a 3-week history of weight loss, abdominal distention, dyspnea, and decreased appetite. Physical examination revealed signs of right-sided heart failure, and a systolic murmur (II/VI) was heard best over the right heart base. Results of cardiac catheterization and echocardiography indicated tricuspid valve insufficiency and right-sided heart failure. The calf was euthanatized after not responding to treatment with penicillin, furosemide, and removal of fluid from the thorax and abdomen. Necropsy findings included multifocal areas of thickening and opacification of the endocardium of the left and right ventricles. Excessive elastic fibers, consistent with fibroelastosis, were seen by use of special stains applied to sections of endocardium.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Fibroelastosis Endocárdica/veterinaria , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Fibroelastosis Endocárdica/complicaciones , Femenino , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/complicacionesRESUMEN
An aged beef cow had a primary lung tumor that was diagnosed postmortem. Clinical signs included inappetence, weight loss, coughing, dyspnea, and reduced lung sounds. Antibiotic treatment was ineffective. The cow was euthanatized. Postmortem examination revealed numerous, firm nodules throughout both lungs. Microscopically, the pulmonary nodules contained neoplastic cells and the diagnosis was bronchiolar adenocarcinoma. A diagnosis of pulmonary neoplasia, although rare, should be considered in an aged cow with similar historical and clinical findings.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma Bronquioloalveolar/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinaria , Complicaciones Neoplásicas del Embarazo/veterinaria , Adenocarcinoma Bronquioloalveolar/patología , Animales , Bovinos , Femenino , Muerte Fetal/veterinaria , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Cecal volvulus in a ewe was diagnosed and surgically treated. Clinical signs were similar to those observed in cattle with cecal volvulus. Rectal palpation, which is an important diagnostic aid in cattle, was not possible in the ewe. Thus, the decision for surgery was based on clinical signs indicative of gastrointestinal obstruction, with the diagnosis of cecal volvulus being made at the time of surgery. Recovery after surgery was rapid, and follow-up evaluation at 13 months indicated no recurrence of the problem.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Ciego/veterinaria , Obstrucción Intestinal/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/cirugía , Animales , Enfermedades del Ciego/cirugía , Femenino , Obstrucción Intestinal/cirugía , OvinosAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Caballos/inducido químicamente , Aceite Mineral/efectos adversos , Neumonía Lipoidea/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Caballos , Intubación Gastrointestinal/veterinaria , Macrófagos Alveolares/patología , Aceite Mineral/administración & dosificación , Aceite Mineral/uso terapéutico , Neumonía Lipoidea/inducido químicamente , Neumonía Lipoidea/patología , Radiografía Torácica/veterinariaAsunto(s)
Tumor de Células Granulares/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , Tumor de Células Granulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Tumor de Células Granulares/patología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico por imagen , Caballos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , RadiografíaAsunto(s)
Quilotórax/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Aspiración de Meconio/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Antiulcerosos/uso terapéutico , Cefalosporinas/uso terapéutico , Quilotórax/diagnóstico , Quilotórax/fisiopatología , Cimetidina/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Enfermedades de los Caballos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/fisiopatología , Caballos , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Síndrome de Aspiración de Meconio/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Aspiración de Meconio/fisiopatología , Derrame Pleural/patología , Sucralfato/uso terapéutico , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Tórax/fisiopatología , UltrasonografíaAsunto(s)
Vértebras Cervicales , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico por imagen , Luxaciones Articulares/veterinaria , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/etiología , Caballos , Luxaciones Articulares/complicaciones , Luxaciones Articulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/etiologíaRESUMEN
Tumors of the equine respiratory tract occur infrequently. An accurate diagnosis of neoplasia of the respiratory tract is critical because the prognosis is usually grave. The clinical signs and diagnostic procedures are discussed for tumors of the nasal and paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx/larynx, guttural pouch and thorax including lung, pleura, and thymus.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Caballos , Neoplasias del Sistema Respiratorio/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/terapia , Caballos , Pronóstico , Neoplasias del Sistema Respiratorio/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Sistema Respiratorio/patología , Neoplasias del Sistema Respiratorio/terapia , Timoma/diagnóstico , Timoma/patología , Timoma/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Timo/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Timo/patología , Neoplasias del Timo/veterinariaRESUMEN
Two young goats with loud, holosystolic heart murmurs heard best over the left and right heart base were suspected to have interventricular septal defects. Cardiac catheterization with angiocardiography supported the clinical diagnosis in both goats and the ventricular septal defects were confirmed at necropsy. In one goat a ventricular septal defect was associated with a hypoplastic aorta and in the other, an ectopic ureter opened into the vagina.