RESUMEN
Objective-To determine whether a limited sampling time method based on serum iohexol clearance (Cl(iohexol)) would yield estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in clinically normal horses similar to those for plasma creatinine clearance (Cl(creatinine)). Animals-10 clinically normal adult horses. Procedures-A bolus of iohexol (150 mg/kg) was administered IV, and serum samples were obtained 5, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240, and 360 minutes after injection. Urinary clearance of exogenous creatinine was measured during three 20-minute periods. The GFR determined by use of serum Cl(iohexol) and plasma Cl(creatinine) was compared with limits of agreement plots. Results-Values obtained for plasma Cl(creatinine) ranged from 1.68 to 2.69 mL/min/kg (mean, 2.11 mL/min/kg). Mean serum Cl(iohexol) was 2.38 mL/min/kg (range, 1.95 to 3.33 mL/min/kg). Limits of agreement plots indicated good agreement between the methods. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Use of serum Cl(iohexol) yielded estimates of GFR in clinically normal adult horses similar to those for plasma Cl(creatinine). This study was the first step in the evaluation of the use of serum Cl(iohexol) for estimating GFR in adult horses.
Asunto(s)
Medios de Contraste/farmacocinética , Creatinina/sangre , Creatinina/metabolismo , Caballos/sangre , Yohexol/farmacocinética , Animales , Área Bajo la Curva , Irradiación de Hemicuerpo , Riñón/metabolismoRESUMEN
Immunodeficiencies are characterized as primary (genetic) or secondary (acquired). Primary immunodeficiencies are relatively uncommon; however, clinically, they present a significant challenge to the practitioner, especially if the underlying disorder goes unrecognized. Secondary immunodeficiencies may present at any age, but failure of passive transfer in neonatal foals is most commonly encountered. This article provides a general overview of clinical signs and diagnosis of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies currently recognized in horses.
Asunto(s)
Agammaglobulinemia/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/inmunología , Inmunidad Materno-Adquirida , Síndromes de Inmunodeficiencia/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Lactantes/inmunología , Calostro/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Caballos , Inmunización Pasiva/veterinaria , Inmunoglobulina M/deficiencia , Síndromes de Inmunodeficiencia/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Inmunodeficiencia/inmunología , Síndromes de Inmunodeficiencia/patología , Inmunodeficiencia Combinada Grave/diagnóstico , Inmunodeficiencia Combinada Grave/inmunología , Inmunodeficiencia Combinada Grave/patología , Inmunodeficiencia Combinada Grave/veterinariaRESUMEN
Activation of the host response to infection, the "acute-phase response," is a highly organized physiologic reaction that includes changes in concentrations of plasma acute-phase proteins (APPs). The APPs are increasingly being used as markers for prognosis and monitoring response to therapy along with general determinants of equine health. Use of APPs in veterinary medicine is becoming more widespread as more commercial diagnostic kits are being validated. This article reviews the salient features of APPs and examines their current application and potential utility in equine inflammatory disorders.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Fase Aguda/análisis , Reacción de Fase Aguda/veterinaria , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análisis , Enfermedades de los Caballos/sangre , Inflamación/veterinaria , Reacción de Fase Aguda/sangre , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Caballos , Inflamación/sangre , PronósticoRESUMEN
Diseases of the cerebellum and diseases that cause signs of dysmetria or tremors occur infrequently in ruminants. A thorough neurologic examination should be performed to attempt to localize the lesion. A list of differential diagnoses can be organized in rank order based on the location of the lesion and the signalment, history,and results of physical examination. A definitive diagnosis is based on the results of diagnostic testing, response to treatment,or postmortem examination.