[Assessing of iodine consumption with iodized salt in organized nutrition of children of preschool and school age in the Tyumen region].

The territory of the Tyumen region is an endemic region with insufficient iodine content in the environment, in which, since the early 1990s, active preventive measures have been taken to increase the use of iodized salt (IS) in households, catering and the food industry. The purpose of the research was to assess the consumption of iodine with IS used in the organized nutrition of children in the Tyumen region. Material and methods. The assessment of iodine intake was carried out in preschool institutions and schools randomly selected the city of Tyumen and rural areas (village of Isetskoye). Modeling of iodine consumption in organized groups was carried out for children aged 1-3, 3-7, 7-11 and 12 years and older in urban and rural areas, respectively, using a standard menu and a technological map of dishes. Iodine intake was estimated based on the content of 40 µg of iodine in 1 g of salt and its 30% loss during cooking. Model 1 assumed the mandatory use of IS in the preparation of all salt-containing meals for preschoolers and schoolchildren. Model 2, in addition to the mandatory use of IS in school and preschool meals accounted the consumption of iodine with bakery products (BP) produced with IS. Results. The modeling showed that the average intake of iodine with meals (model 1) in preschool institutions in Tyumen was 89±16 µg/day for children aged 1-3 years. When BP with IS were included in the menu (model 2), iodine intake increased to 101±14 µg/day. In children aged 4-7 years iodine intake was 115±18 and 126±18 µg/day, respectively. In rural areas, iodine intake was lower: in children aged 1-3 years, under model 1, iodine intake was 66±3 µg/day, under model 2 - 76±4 µg/day. In children aged 4-7 years, these figures were 83±3 and 92±4 µg/day, respectively. Iodine consumption in a school in Tyumen under model 1 in children 7-11 years old was 24±5 µg/day, and in children 12 years and older - 27±6 µg/day. When BP with IS were included in the menu (model 2), iodine intake increased to 32±5 µg/day in children 7-11 years old and to 39±6 µg/day in children 12 years of age and older. In rural areas, when using model 1, iodine intake in children aged 7-11 years was 37±15 µg/day, in children aged 12 and over 40±21 µg/day. When BP with IS were included in the menu (model 2), iodine intake increased to 44±15 µg/day in children aged 7-11 years and to 50±21 µg/day in children 12 years of age and older. Conclusion. The use of IS in the preparation of salt-containing meals in preschool educational institutions of the Tyumen region fully covered the iodine requirements of preschool children, which confirms the effectiveness of the chosen strategy for the prevention of iodine deficiency and can be considered as an important part of the concept of universal salt iodization. The use of IS in preparation of school breakfast meals provides 23.5-36.9% of the recommended nutrient intake for iodine in rural schools and 15.4-26.4% of the recommended nutrient intake in urban schools, which can be a significant contribution to the total intake of this micronutrient.

[Assessment of the level of consumption of calcium and vitamin D with food in the adult population of Tyumen Region].

Calcium and vitamin D are essential micronutrients, whose deficiency adversely affects not only bone health, but also the functioning of the whole organism. The aim of this study was to explore the level of calcium and vitamin D intake in the adult population of the Tyumen region, in order to optimize the nutritional program. Material and methods. The study included 440 people living in Tyumen and Tyumen region. Inclusion in the study was conducted on the principle of random sampling using a random number program. The questionnaire was used to estimate the consumption of calcium and vitamin D with food. Serum level of 25(OH)D was determined in all participants of the study, the analysis was carried out by ELISA using Sunrise Euroimmin 25-OH Vitamin D ELISA test systems. Results and discussion. The results of our own data led to the conclusion that there were a lack of consumption of foods rich in vitamin D among all ages and inadequate intake of calcium, especially in the older age groups. Approximately half of the respondents rarely ate sea fish, which was interrelated with plasma levels of 25(OH)D - vitamin D deficiency was detected in 70.7%, and its insufficiency was recorded in 22.0% of those examined. Only 45.5% of respondents consumed dairy products daily, while in general there was deficit of calcium intake in all age groups compared with the average age norm. Conclusion. Adequate compensation of chronic calcium and vitamin D deficiency, which is widespread in both the Russian Federation and the Tyumen region, is an extremely important preventive direction of modern medicine.

[The role of food in prevention and correction of iodine deficiency in the endemic territory].

Iodine supply remains the global problem due to the wide prevalence and a wide range of clinical manifestations in all age groups of population. However, iodine deficiency is a nutritional deficiency and the solution of this problem lies in the organization of rational nutrition of the population. The purpose of this study was to examine the food features of the population of the mild iodine-deficient region from the standpoint of adequacy of iodine sufficiency. The analysis of nutrition of the population of Tyumen Region in 2005 and 2016 was carried out according to official statistics of Tyumenstat; results of sanitary-hygienic and biomedical monitoring for the period from 1994 to 2016. A sociological study was conducted on a representative nested sample using the questionnaire method. The study involved schoolchildren (n=744) and their parents (n=677), students and full-time students (n=623). Probabilistic was sampling and nesting. Statistical sampling error does not exceed 4%. Analysis of the level of food consumption by residents of the Tyumen region over the period from 2005 to 2016 showed an increase in consumption per capita of fish and fish products (from 23.8 kg in 2005 to 33.1 kg in 2016 at recommended level of 22 kg). At the same time, a sociological study showed that only 1-4% of the population consumed iodine-rich products daily and only 53% of respondents regularly used iodized salt. The analysis of the results of biomedical monitoring over the 20-year period of the existence of preventive programs in the Tyumen region showed significant improvements in the situation in the region: median of ioduria increased significantly from 77 to 125 µg/l and the incidence of goiter in pre-pubertal children decreased from 85% in 1994 to 6.8% in 2016 (р=0,001); the incidence of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia significantly decreased from 44.3% in 1994 to 3.9% in 2017 (р=0,001). However, most indicators did not reach the target values recommended for iodine-rich region, which indicated the insufficient effectiveness of the existing voluntary prevention system. The solution of this problem is using of iodine-enriched foods of mass consumption, such as bread and bakery products.

[Some aspects of avian flu in the Tyumen region].

The list of the actions spent in the summer of 2005 in territory of the Tyumen region, in connection with a destruction of wild birds and poultry from the avian flu is submitted. Except for the quarantine and other sanitary-epidemic measures warning drift of a avian influenza virus in facilities, it is carried out of serological monitoring among workers of poultry-farming facilities and the population of the struck settlements on presence of antibodies to an influenza A (H5N1) virus. Taking into account ways of migration of a wild waterfowl in this territory, probability of contact to it and risk of infection of people, the conclusion about necessity of continuation the monitoring behind circulation of an avian influenza virus in region is made.

[Association of goiter endemic and latent iron deficiency in Western Siberia].

The purpose of the investigation was to study the prevalence of latent iron deficiency and goiter endemic and their association in prepubertal children in Western Siberia. A total of 2238 prepubertal children (8-12 years) living in 3 subjects of the Tyumen Region were examined in 2005-2006. The classical criteria for Iodine deficiency (ID), such as iodurla, the frequency of goiter at palpation and ultrasonography, were studied. Serum ferritln was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the DRG-Diagnostics ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИИ. 2007. Т. 53, № 5. kits (USA). There was normalization of the median ioduria, which was 117,', in the implementation of the ID prevention program in Western Siberia. By taking into account the 2003 WHO standards, the severity of goiter endemic in 2006 is regarded as moderate in the southern districts of the region and as severe in its autonomous areas. In terms of a serum ferritin level of less than 15 a high frequency of latent iron deficiency was found in the everywhere. Hence it follows that the association of the serum ferritin levels with the thyroid volumes is caused by a concomitance of two significant conditions: severe goiter endemic and frequent latent iron deficiency.