Radical-mediated divergent cyclization of benzamides toward perfluorinated or cyanated isoquinolinediones.

A simple and efficient copper-controlled divergent cyclization of benzamides, which leads to perfluorinated or cyanated isoquinolinediones, is developed. In the presence of AIBN, methacryloyl benzamides with perfluoroalkyl iodides undergo cascade radical addition/cyclization to afford perfluoroinated isoquinolinediones as the major product under metal-free conditions, whereas the use of CuI (10 mol%) is able to redirect the cyclization to yield isoquinolinediones bearing an α-cyano quaternary carbon center. The cyclization features controllable divergent synthesis and a broad substrate scope as well as highly practical reaction conditions, thereby making this strategy a highly attractive means to fluorinate or cyanate isoquinolinediones.

Synthesis of Perfluorinated Isoquinolinediones through Visible-Light-Induced Cyclization of Alkenes.

A novel visible-light-induced carboperfluoroalkylation of alkenes using perfluoroalkyl iodides and bromides as Rf sources, leading to isoquinoline-1,3-diones, was developed. This method offers rapid entry to perfluorinated isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones from N-alkyl-N-methacryloyl benzamides under mild reaction conditions, allowing for the incorporation of a wide variety of perfluorinated groups such as CF3, C3F7, C4F9, C6F13, C8F17, C10F21, and CF2CO2Et.

Metal-free cascade cyclization of alkenes toward perfluorinated oxindoles.

A simple AIBN-mediated cyclization reaction of activated alkenes toward perfluorinated oxindoles is developed. In the presence of readily available AIBN, N-arylacrylamide and perfluoroalkyl iodides underwent perfluorination reaction to give perfluorinated oxindoles in good to excellent yields under metal-free conditions.

Aerobic oxidative cyclization of benzamides via meta-selective C-H tert-alkylation: rapid entry to 7-alkylated isoquinolinediones.

A novel copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative cyclization of benzamides via meta-selective C-H tert-alkylation using AIBN and analogues as radical precursors was described. This strategy provides an elusive and rapid means to 7-tert-alkylated isoquinolinediones, as well as the construction of tertiary alkyl-aryl C(sp(3))-C(sp(2)) bonds with positional selectivity.

Studies on the thermal decomposition process and kinetics of purine drugs.

AIM: To study the thermal stability, decomposition process and kinetics of such purine pharmaceuticals as aciclovir (Acv), penciclovir (Pcv), and their parent substance, guanine. METHODS: Using infrared technique, accelerating test method and thermogravimetry to investigate the thermal decomposition processes and using Coast-Redfern method, MKN method and Ozawa method to deal with the data to get kinetic functions. RESULTS: The decomposition process and the formed products were derived, the kinetic model function was suggested by comparison of the kinetic parameters. CONCLUSION: Pcv and Acv's degrading product for the first step is guanine. The sequences of their thermal stabilities is: Pcv > Acv. The two drugs' kinetic equation of thermal decomposition is expressed as: da/dt = Ae-Ea/RT2(1-alpha)3/2.