[Effect of gut microbiota homeostasis on hematopoiesis in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis]. / è‚ é“å¾®ç”Ÿç‰©ç¨³æ€å¯¹åæ­»æ€§å°è‚ ç»“è‚ ç‚Žæ–°ç”Ÿå¤§é¼ æ¨¡åž‹é€ è¡€ç³»ç»Ÿçš„å½±å“.

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of gut microbiota on hematopoiesis in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). METHODS: Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and a model group (NEC group), with 6 rats in each group. Formula milk combined with hypoxia and cold stimulation was used to establish a neonatal rat model of NEC. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of intestinal tissue and hematopoiesis-related organs. Routine blood tests were conducted for each group. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the changes in specific cells in hematopoiesis-related organs. Flow cytometry was used to measure the changes in specific cells in bone marrow. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to observe the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the NEC group had intestinal congestion and necrosis, damage, atrophy, and shedding of intestinal villi, and a significant increase in NEC histological score. Compared with the control group, the NEC group had significantly lower numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocytes (P<0.05), nucleated cells in the spleen, thymus, and bone marrow, and small cell aggregates with basophilic nuclei in the liver (P<0.05). The NEC group had significant reductions in CD71+ erythroid progenitor cells in the liver, CD45+ lymphocytes in the spleen and bone marrow, CD3+ T lymphocytes in thymus, and the proportion of CD45+CD3-CD43+SSChi neutrophils in bone marrow (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota between the NEC and control groups, and the NEC group had a significant reduction in the abundance of Ligilactobacillus and a significant increase in the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella (P<0.05), which replaced Ligilactobacillus and became the dominant flora. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-lineage hematopoietic disorder may be observed in a neonatal rat model of NEC, which may be associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal multiplication of the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia-Shigella.

Natural essential oils efficacious in internal organs fibrosis treatment: Mechanisms of action and application perspectives.

Internal organs fibrosis (IOF) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most chronic inflammatory diseases, which is responsible for 45% of deaths due to disease. However, there is a paucity of drugs used to treat IOF, making it urgent to find medicine with good efficacy, low toxic side effects and good prognosis. Essential oils (EOs) extracted from natural herbs with a wide range of pharmacological components, multiple therapeutic targets, low toxicity, and broad sources have unique advantages and great potential in the treatment of IOF. In this review, we summarized EOs and their monomeric components with anti-IOF, and found that they work mainly through inhibiting TGF-ß-related signaling pathways, modulating inflammatory cytokines, suppressing NF-κB, and anti-oxidative stress. The prognostic improvement of natural EOs on IOF was further discussed, as well as the quality and safety issues in the current development of natural EOs. This review hopes to provide scientific basis and new ideas for the development and application of natural medicine EOs in anti-IOF.

Magnetic-assisted laparoscopic liver transplantation in swine.

BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopic technology has achieved rapid development in the surgical field, it has not been applied to liver transplantation, primarily because of difficulties associated with laparoscopic vascular anastomosis. In this study, we introduced a new magnetic-assisted vascular anastomosis technique and explored its application in laparoscopic liver transplantation in pigs. METHODS: Two sets of magnetic vascular anastomosis rings (MVARs) with different diameters were developed. One set was used for anastomosis of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) and the other set was used for anastomosis of the infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) and portal vein (PV). Six laparoscopic orthotopic liver transplantations were performed in pigs. Donor liver was obtained via open surgery. Hepatectomy was performed in the recipients through laparoscopic surgery. Anastomosis of the SHVC was performed using hand-assisted magnetic anastomosis, and the anastomosis of the IHVC and PV was performed by magnetic anastomosis with or without hand assistance. RESULTS: Liver transplants were successfully performed in five of the six cases. Postoperative ultrasonographic examination showed that the portal inflow was smooth. However, PV bending and blood flow obstruction occurred in one case because the MVARs were attached to each other. The durations of loading of MVAR in the laparoscope group and manual assistance group for IHVC and PV were 13 ± 5 vs. 5 ± 1 min (P < 0.01) and 10 ± 2 vs. 4 ± 1 min (P < 0.05), respectively. The durations of MVAR anastomosis in the laparoscope group and manual assistance group for IHVC and PV were 5 ± 1 vs. 1 ± 1 min (P < 0.01), and 5 ± 1 vs. 1 ± 1 min (P < 0.01), respectively. The anhepatic phase was 43 ± 4 min in the laparoscope group and 23 ± 2 min in the manual assistance group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that magnetic-assisted laparoscopic liver transplantation can be successfully carried out in pigs.

[Correlations of 18F-FDG PET/CT Metabolic Parameters and Metabolic Heterogeneity with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Expression in Patients with Gastric Cancer].

Objective To investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and metabolic heterogeneity for predicting the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in patients with gastric cancer. Methods A total of 45 patients with gastric cancer confirmed by surgical pathology between September 2016 and May 2021 were enrolled in this study.All the patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination before surgery.The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax),metabolic tumor volume (MTV),and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of primary gastric cancer were measured,and the linear regression slope of MTV corresponding to different SUVmax thresholds (40% SUVmax and 80% SUVmax) was calculated.The absolute value of the slope was deemed to represent the metabolic heterogeneity of primary gastric cancer,termed the heterogeneity index (HI).Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlations of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and HI with HER2 expression. Results The 45 patients included 10 with positive HER2 expression and 35 with negative result.The MTV (P=0.043) and HI (P=0.048) were lower in the patients with positive HER2 expression than in the patients with negative HER2 expression.The MTV and HI had the optimal thresholds of 12.10 cm3 and 3.71,respectively,which respectively showed the accuracy of 62.2% and 57.8% for predicting HER2 expression.The univariate Logistic regression showed that the tumor differentiation degree,MTV,and HI were correlated with HER2 expression,while the multivariate Logistic regression showed that only the tumor differentiation degree (OR=20.130,95%CI=1.843-219.860,P=0.014) was an independent predictor for HER2 expression.A further stratified analysis of the tumor differentiation degree showed that HER2 expression only varied among different MTV threshold groups in patients with moderately/well differentiated gastric cancer (P=0.031). Conclusions MTV and HI were associated with HER2 expression in gastric cancer,whereas neither played an independent predictive role.Therefore,these factors should be combined with clinicopathological characteristics of patients to jointly guide treatment decisions.

Natural volatile oils derived from herbal medicines: A promising therapy way for treating depressive disorder.

Depression is a common global mental disorder that seriously harms human physical and mental health. With the development of society, the increase of pressure and the role of various other factors make the incidence of depression increase year by year. However, there is a lack of drugs that have a fast onset, significant effects, and few side effects. Some volatile oils from traditional natural herbal medicines are usually used to relieve depression and calm emotions, such as Lavender essential oil and Acorus tatarinowii essential oil. It was reported that these volatile oils, are easy to enter the brain through the blood-brain barrier and have good antidepressant effects with little toxicity and side effects. In this review, we summarized the classification of depression, and listed the history of using volatile oils to fight depression in some countries. Importantly, we summarized the anti-depressant natural volatile oils and their monomers from herbal medicine, discussed the anti-depressive mechanisms of the volatile oils from natural medicine. The volatile oils of natural medicine and antidepressant drugs were compared and analyzed, and the application of volatile oils was explained from the clinical use and administration routes. This review would be helpful for the development of potential anti-depressant medicine and provide new alternative treatments for depressive disorders.

Borneol in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases: Pharmacological actions, mechanisms, and therapeutics.

With the coming acceleration of global population aging, the incidence rate of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing. It has become the leading cause of human mortality. As a natural drug, borneol (BO) not only has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-coagulant activities and improves energy metabolism but can also promote drugs to enter the target organs or tissues through various physiological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), mucous membrane, skin. Thus, it has a significant therapeutic effect on various CVDs, which has been confirmed in a large number of studies. However, the pharmacological actions and mechanisms of BO on CVDs have not been fully investigated. Hence, this review summarizes the pharmacological actions and possible mechanisms of BO, which provides novel ideas for the treatment of CVDs.

Plasma and intracerebral pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics modeling for the acetylcholine releasing effect of ginsenoside Rg1 in mPFC of Aß model rats.

Ginsenoside Rg1 is a major bioactive component of ginseng. Limited information is available regarding Rg1 concentrations in the central neural system and the corresponding relationship of plasma/intracerebral concentrations, and intracerebral effects of Rg1. Awake Aß model rats received a single subcutaneous administration of Rg1. Concentrations of unbound Rg1 and acetylcholine in the brain extracellular fluid and Rg1 in plasma were then determined. An Emax-two compartment pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model without effect compartment was finally obtained by evaluating three mechanism-based models. The corresponding relationship between the plasma PK and PD of Rg1 can be described as E = 119.05•C/(73.42 + C).[Formula: see text].

Geniposide-Loaded Liposomes for Brain Targeting: Development, Evaluation, and In Vivo Studies.

Geniposide (GE) possesses excellent neuroprotective effects but with poor brain targeting and short half-life. Liposome was considered to have great potential for brain diseases. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a geniposide liposome (GE-LP) as a brain delivery system for cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) therapy and evaluate its characterization, pharmacokinetics, brain targeting, and neuroprotective effects in vivo. Then, a reverse-phase evaporation method was applied to develop the GE-LP and optimize the formulation. Notably, the GE-LP had suitable size, which was 223.8 nm. Subsequently, the pharmacokinetic behavior of GE solution and GE-LP in mice plasma was investigated, and the brain targeting was also researched. The results showed that GE in plasma of GE-LP displayed three folds longer distribution half-life and a higher bioavailability and brain targeting compared to GE solution. In vivo neuroprotective effects was evaluated through the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model, and GE-LP exhibited a stronger tendency in preventing the injury of CIRI, which can significantly improve neurological deficits. Overall, this study demonstrates GE-LP as a new formulation with ease of preparation, sustained release, and high brain targeting, which has significant development prospects on CIRI; this is expected to improve the efficacy of GE and reduce the frequency of administration.

[Immunotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care for Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Complicated with Hyperthyroidism:Report of One Case].

Based on our experience in treating one patients with non-small cell lung cancer complicated with hyperthyroidism,the following considerations in immunotherapy and pharmaceutical care are proposed:role of iodine contrast and contrast agent selection in patients with hyperthyroidism;selection of hemostatic agents and assessment of thrombosis risk in patients with hemoptysis caused by tumor invasion of bronchus;influence of glucocorticoid use on the treatment with programmed cell death-1(PD-1)inhibitor and the role of PD-1 inhibitors in patients with a history of hyperthyroidism;education methods for patients refuse to receive opioids.The participation of clinical pharmacists in the Multiple Disciplinary Team and the multi-dimensional pharmaceutical monitoring for patients can improve the safety and rationality of medications.

Magnetic Anastomosis for Biliojejunostomy: First Prospective Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic compression anastomosis (magnamosis, MCA) has been verified safe and effective by us and others in animal bilioenteric anastomosis (BEA). The objective of the present study was to introduce clinical application of magnetic compression bilioenteric anastomosis (MC-BEA) with a unique device in series of patients. METHODS: Patients with obstructive jaundice with an indication of BEA were prospectively enrolled from 2012 to 2015. After dissection of bile ducts, the mother ring and drainage tube were placed in the proximal bile duct and the purse-string suture was tightened over the drainage tube. The drainage tube was introduced into the jejunal lumen at the anastomotic site and used to guide the daughter ring to assemble with the mother ring. All the patients were routinely followed up for magnets discharge or any complications associated. RESULTS: Forty-one patients were included. Thirty-four (82.9%) patients had a malignant primary disease, while seven (17.1%) had benign disease. The median time for MC-BEA was 10.5 min (interquartile range [IQR] 8.3-13.0 min). No perioperative morbidity or mortality associated with MC-BEA was observed. The median time for a patent bilioenteric anastomosis formation was 19.0 days (IQR 14.5-23.0 days), and the magnets were discharged with a median postoperative duration of 35.0 days (IQR 28.0-43.0 days). With a median follow-up of 547.5 days (range 223-1042 days), no patients had biliary fistula, while two (4.9%) developed anastomotic stricture at 4 months and 14 months after surgery, and underwent reoperation for reconstruction of BEA. CONCLUSIONS: MCA is a safe, effective, and time-saving modality for biliojejunostomy.

Sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic effects and the mechanism of action of aqueous extracts of peanut stems and leaves in mice.

INTRODUCTION: Peanut stems and leaves (PSL) have traditionally been used as both a special food and a herbal medicine in Asia. The sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic effects of PSL have been recorded in classical traditional Chinese literature, and more recently by many other researchers. In a previous study, four sleep-related ingredients (linalool, 5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavanone, 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin and ferulic acid), among which 5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavanone and 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin were newly found in Arachis species, were screened by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF-MS). In the current study, quantitative examination of the above four ingredients was conducted. Serious fundamental functional studies were done in mice, including locomotor activity, direct sleep tests, pentobarbital-induced sleeping time tests, subthreshold dose of pentobarbital tests and barbital sodium sleep incubation period tests, to determine the material base for the sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic effects of aqueous extracts of PSL. Furthermore, neurotransmitter levels in three brain regions (cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem) were determined using UHPLC coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QQQ-MS) in order to elucidate the exact mechanism of action. RESULTS: Aqueous extract of PSL at a dose of 500 mg kg-1 (based on previous experience), along with different concentrations of the above four functional ingredients (189.86 µg kg-1 linalool, 114.75 mg kg-1 5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavanone, 32.4mg kg-1 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin and 44.44 mg kg-1 ferulic acid), had a sedative-hypnotic effect by affecting neurotransmitter levels in mice. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrate that these four ingredients are the key functional factors for the sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic effects of PSL aqueous extracts and that these effects occur via changes in neurotransmitter levels and pathways. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Treatment of rectovaginal fistula by magnetic compression.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Rectovaginal fistula (RVF) is an abnormal epithelium-lined connection between the rectum and vagina. The primary effective treatment is surgical repair, but recurrence remains a challenge. Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA), an alternative to suturing, has been developed to generate an anastomosis between various hollow viscera. We hypothesized that the MCA approach could be used to treat RVF. METHOD: We designed a novel MCA device for RVF treatment and evaluated the magnetic compression procedure in a RVF pig model in comparison with the traditional suturing procedure. Following satisfactory outcomes, we also applied the MCA procedure to a human patient with recurrent RVF. The MCA device was designed based on the anatomical characteristics of the pig vagina and previous literature. The pig RVF model were established surgically (n = 12), and compression and control groups were each treated. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: qqExcept in one animal in each group, the RVF site was smooth and healing was complete. Histological analysis confirmed complete healing of the RVF with high histological continuity to neighboring tissues. The compression procedure applied to our patient with RVF was successful. The patient recovered quickly without complications, and RVF did not recur during a 15-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: From this preliminary investigation, MCA using our novel device appears to be a safe, simple, and effective nonsurgical procedure for the treatment of RVF.

Visualization of Protein in Peanut Using Hyperspectral Image with Chemometrics.

The study aims to explore the potential of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with chemometrics for rapidly and non-invasively visualizing the spatial distribution of protein content which can affect the quality of peanut products as a critical component of peanut. Spectral data contained in the region of interest (ROI) of the corrected hyperspectral images of peanut were extracted and protein contents were measured with conventional chemical method. By comparing different pretreatments and modeling algorithms, the second-order derivatives (2nd-der) on spectra is optimal pretreatment, and partial ceast square (PLS) is the best regression method. Based on the pretreatment spectra and the measured protein content model, a good performance model (RC=0.91, SEC=0.86; RP=0.86, SEP=0.69) was built with full wavelengths. The fourteen optimal wavelengths were carried out based on the regression coefficients (RC) of the established PLS model. Then, using optimal wavelengths built RC-PLS model which show resembling performance (RC=0.86, SEC=1.03; RP=0.80, SEP=0.77). At last, an imaging processing algorithm was developed to transfer each pixel in peanut to protein content with the 2nd-der-RC-PLS model. There was no significant difference between Kjeldahl and HSI method by the paired test. The result demonstrated the capacity of HSI in combination with chemometrics for fast and non- destructively determining protein content in peanut.

Metal artifact reduction using virtual monochromatic images for patients with pedicle screws implants on CT.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of spectral CT for metal artifact reduction in patients with pedicle screw. METHODS: 45 patients with 119 pairs of pedicle screws underwent spectral CT examination. One set of conventional (140 kVp) polychromatic image and nine sets of virtual monochromatic images (60-140 keV) were obtained. The standard deviation (SD) of CT number in 12 locations around the implant and 1 on homogenous fat was measured to generate artifact index (AI). Objective assessment including AI, CT number and SD value was performed with independent t test and paired sample t test. Two radiologists independently reviewed the image quality, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test and kappa analysis were used for the subjective scores of image quality. RESULTS: The artifact index (AI) of all the regions decreased as keV increased. AIs of 100-140 keV were lower than that of 140 kVp images. At 120 keV there was no significant difference in CT numbers of psoas major muscle and vertebral canal between pedicle screw level and pedicle level, but a significant difference in SD value was determined between the two levels. The subjective scores at 100-140 keV were higher than the images at 140 kVp, and the highest subjective score of two observers and excellent interobserver agreement were found at 120 keV (κ = 0.889). CONCLUSIONS: Virtual monochromatic images at high-energy levels have a well-concordant effect of removing metal artifacts, and 120 keV monochromatic images provided an accurate CT number and good subjective score.

Pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rg1 in rat medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and lateral ventricle after subcutaneous administration.

The present study aimed to investigate pharmacokinetics of Rg1 in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus (HIP), and lateral ventricle (LV) after subcutaneous injection. For the first time, intracerebral pharmacokinetics of Rg1 was studied in freely moving rats by microdialysis technique. Rg1 concentrations in dialysates were detected by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method and were revised using in vivo probe-recovery in HIP and LV. The pharmacokinetic parameters were then determined using non-compartmental models. Since the in vivo recoveries remained stable in HIP and LV during 9 h dialysis, average recoveries were used to revise dialysate concentrations. After dosing, Rg1 was soon detected in brain extracellular fluid (bECF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The elimination of Rg1 was significantly slower in mPFC than in HIP and LV, and significantly greater AUC was obtained in mPFC than in HIP. Rg1 kinetics in bECF and CSF indicate that Rg1 can go across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and then immediately distribute to learning and memory-related regions in brain, which may lead to rapid pharmacological onset. There may be active transport and target-mediated disposition of Rg1 in the CNS, which need to be further clarified.

Salidroside Suppresses HUVECs Cell Injury Induced by Oxidative Stress through Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Salidroside (SAL), one of the main effective constituents of Rhodiola rosea, has been reported to suppress oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury and necrosis by promoting transcription of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated genes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone1) (NQO1). However, it has not been indicated whether SAL might ameliorate endothelial injury induced by oxidative stress. Here, our study demonstrated that SAL might suppress HUVEC cell injury induced by oxidative stress through activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. The results of our study indicated that SAL decreased the levels of intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), resulting in protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cell damage in HUVECs. It suppressed oxidative stress damage by inducing Nrf2 nuclear translocation and activating the expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzyme genes such as HO-1 and NQO1 in HUVECs. Knockdown of Nrf2 with siRNA abolished the cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress, decreased the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1, and inhibited the nucleus translocation of Nrf2 in HUVECs. This study is the first to demonstrate that SAL suppresses HUVECs cell injury induced by oxidative stress through activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

[Research Process on Hyperspectral Imaging Detection Technology for the Quality and Safety of Grain and Oils].

The quality and safety of grain and oils are related to the national nutrition and health safety of the public. Owing to the difficulties in operation, destruction, high cost, reagent pollution and other shortcomings, conventional detection method cannot meet the fast, non-destructive, efficient and pollution-free requirements, which pose great difficulties in integrating with Industry 4.0. With the development of chemometrics, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology integrates the advantages of spectroscopy and image technology to overcome the defects of conventional detection method, which has become the developingt trend of grain and oils quality testing technology. Based on many interrelated research papers, this paper reviews the principles of HSI and the existing research in quality (component determination, germination test, variety classification) and safety (fungal detection, pest detection) of grain and oils. Meanwhile, in order to promote the application and development of hyperspectral imaging technology in the field of grain and oils, we specially analyze the aspect of HSI including spectral range, chemometrics, equipment and the accuracy of model, pointing out the current problems and prospecting the direction and priority.

Effect of glycosylation with xylose on the mechanical properties and water solubility of peanut protein films.

This study aimed at improving the mechanical properties and water solubility of peanut protein isolate (PPI) films by glycosylating with xylose (X). The modification process of glycosylation was optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of pH, temperature and time on degrees of glycosylation (DG), tensile strength (TS), elongation (E), solubility and microstructure of xylose glycosylated PPI films (PPI-XF) were determined. The changes of DG in different conditions indicated that crosslinking should occur between PPI and xylose during the modification. Optimum glycosylation conditions were found to be pH 9.5, 91.5 °C and 95 min. Under these conditions, TS and E values of PPI-XF were 10.37 MPa and 96.47 %, respectively. Due to glycosylation, solubility of PPI-XF decreased from 96.64 to 35.94 % and these films remained intact in water for 24 h. The microstructure of PPI-XF was denser and more compact than the unmodified PPI films. These results suggest that the xylose glycosylated PPI films have potentiality of being used as biodegradable films in food packaging application.

SOCS3 expression correlates with severity of inflammation in mouse hepatitis virus strain 3-induced acute liver failure and HBV-ACLF.

Recently, suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) has been shown to be an inducible endogenous negative regulator of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway which is relevant in inflammatory response, while its functions in acute liver failure and HBV-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the role of SOCS3 in the development of mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3)-induced acute liver failure and its expression in liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with HBV-ACLF. Inflammation-related gene expression was detected by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The correlation between SOCS3 level and liver injury was studied. Our results showed that the SOCS3 expression was significantly elevated in both the liver tissue and PBMCs from patients with HBV-ACLF compared to mild chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Moreover, a time course study showed that SOCS3 level was increased remarkably in the liver of BALB/cJ mice at 72 h post-infection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were also increased significantly at 72 h post-infection. There was a close correlation between hepatic SOCS3 level and IL-6, and the severity of liver injury defined by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, respectively. These data suggested that SOCS3 may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of MHV-3-induced acute liver failure and HBV-ACLF.