RESUMEN
Signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) gene, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) has been isolated from kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus and characterized. The kuruma shrimp STAT (MjSTAT) cDNA was composed of 2901 bp consisting of 801 amino acid residues which includes a protein interaction domain, all alpha domain, DNA binding domain and SH2 domain. Homology analysis of MjSTAT showed 94.1% and 34.0% identities with Penaeus monodon STAT (PmSTAT) and Drosophila melanogaster STAT92E (DmSTAT), respectively. The kuruma shrimp SOCS (MjSOCS) cDNA was composed of 1675 bp consisting of 342 amino acid residues including a SH2 domain and C-terminal SOCS domain. Homology analysis of MjSOCS showed 52.6% and 21.3% identities with Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) SOCS2 and fruit fly (D. melanogaster) SOCS44A, respectively. The MjSTAT and MjSOCS genes are constitutively expressed in the muscle, stomach, brain and gill of kuruma shrimp. In lymphoid organ cells, an enhanced expression of both MjSTAT and MjSOCS genes are observed following stimulation with peptidoglycan and polycytidylic acid. These observations suggest that MjSTAT and MjSOCS might play a major role in the innate immune defense of kuruma shrimp. The discovery of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in shrimp will allow a complete and concrete understanding of shrimp cytokine signaling.
Asunto(s)
Penaeidae/genética , Factores de Transcripción STAT/genética , Factores de Transcripción STAT/metabolismo , Proteínas Supresoras de la Señalización de Citocinas/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de la Señalización de Citocinas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Braquiuros/genética , Braquiuros/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario/química , ADN Complementario/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Branquias/metabolismo , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Quinasas Janus/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Músculos/metabolismo , Penaeidae/metabolismo , Peptidoglicano , Poli C , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
We have developed a new multienzyme control serum, Seraclear-HE, which was designed to function not only as an accuracy and precision control serum but also as an intermethod calibrator for unifying interlaboratory clinical enzyme data in terms of reference method values. Seraclear-HE contains as analytes the following enzymes of human origin only: aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) from erythrocytes; alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) from a hepatoma cell line; alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) from an amnion cell line; creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) from an embryo kidney cell line; gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) from a macrophage cell line; and amylase (AMY, EC 3.2.1.1) from urine and saliva. The seven partly purified enzymes were lyophilized in partially delipidated human serum containing sucrose (50 g/L), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (30 mmol/L), and other stabilizers. The material is stable for at least 2 years at temperatures < or = 10 degrees C. For two concentrations of this preparation, reference method values (mainly International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry) obtained at both 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C are assigned.
Asunto(s)
Sangre , Complejos Multienzimáticos/sangre , Alanina Transaminasa/aislamiento & purificación , Fosfatasa Alcalina/aislamiento & purificación , Amnios/enzimología , Amilasas/orina , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/enzimología , Línea Celular , Creatina Quinasa/aislamiento & purificación , Estabilidad de Enzimas , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Humanos , Riñón/enzimología , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Neoplasias Hepáticas/embriología , Macrófagos/enzimología , Control de Calidad , Saliva/enzimología , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Two kinds of mussel, Septifer virgatus and Mytilus edulis, were collected from Kyushu island, Japan, in order to elucidate a background level of 60Co, which is one of the most significant radionuclide for environmental monitoring around a nuclear power plant. The mussels were collected from 7 locations in 1983 and classified 2 or 3 groups depending on their shell size at each location. Activities of 60Co were measured by a low-background beta counter after purified by means of chemical separation and electrodeposition. Stable cobalt concentrations were determined by colorimetric method. The concentrations of cobalt in Septifer virgatus are one order higher level than that in Mytilus edulis. There are not so large difference in cobalt content depending on shell size so long as comparing them at the same location. The radioactivities in mussels show the same trend as stable cobalt. It has become apparent that Septifer virgatus has a tendency to concentrate cobalt with growing but Mytilus edulis is opposite. The cobalt-60 introduced to sea from nuclear explosions seems to be relatively constant in coastal seawater since specific activities are distributed in a narrow range in spite of kind, shell size and location.