Short and Long Term Impact on Oral Health Related Quality of Life After Maxillofacial Trauma.

BACKGROUND: Maxillofacial fracture cases require detailed diagnosis, planning and timely restoration of the proper function and aesthetics of the traumatized tissues, as well as appropriate physical, psychological and social rehabilitation to achieve the best possible treatment outcome. Oral health related quality of life allows oral healthcare professionals to evaluate the efficacy of treatment protocols from patients' perspectives and allows clinician to address and measure the clinically meaningful changes. METHODS: The study was carried out in 86 patients with fracture of any one facial bone from September 2020 to March 2022 in Department of Dental Surgery, Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Nepal. The quality of life was assessed by using Nepali version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire, modified to address maxillofacial injury/treatment. RESULTS: A total of 86 patients (male: Female ratio=40:3) were included in the study with mean age of 30.69±11.88 years. Patient with fracture of mandible and midface showed complete recovery on OHIP-14 Scale after 6 months whereas, in patient with panfacial fracture some residual effect in quality of life (0.13±0.50) was seen in two domains psychological discomfort (0.06±0.25) and social disability (0.06±0.25) even after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Impact of maxillofacial fracture on quality of life is long lasting and huge on patients. Referral to a psychiatrist or psychologist might be beneficial in addition to open reduction and internal fixation of maxillofacial fractures as early as possible to achieve better quality of life in maxillofacial fracture cases.

Moderate intensity exercise improves heart rate variability in obese adults with type 2 diabetes.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of moderate aerobic exercise on heart rate variability (HRV) in obese adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Forty-one obese adults with type 2 diabetes participated in this study. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured, and resting electrocardiogram (ECG) for the HRV analysis at spontaneous respiration was recorded for 5 min in supine position before and after six months of supervised aerobic training given thrice-a-week. RESULTS: The mean age, body mass index (BMI), and duration of diabetes of the study population were 44.1 ± 4.5 years, 30.94 ± 1.36 kg/m2, and 16.3 ± 2.7 years, respectively. In time domain variables, standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD) and percentage of consecutive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50) were significantly increased after exercise. In frequency domain variables, high frequency (HF) (ms2) and HF (nu) were significantly increased while low frequency (LF) (ms2) and LF/HF ratio were significantly decreased after exercise. But LF (nu) was unaffected after exercise. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that thrice-a-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise for six months improves cardiac rhythm regulation as measured by HRV in obese adults with type 2 diabetes.

Mild-to-moderate intensity exercise improves cardiac autonomic drive in type 2 diabetes.

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of moderate aerobic exercise on cardiac autonomic function in type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Heart rate variability of 20 patients with type 2 diabetes was assessed. Resting electrocardiogram for the heart rate variability analysis at spontaneous respiration was recorded for 5 min in the supine position before and after 6 months of supervised aerobic training given three times per week. RESULTS: In time domain measures, the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD; 29.7 [26-34.5] vs 46.4 [29.8-52.2] ms, P = 0.023) and the percentage of consecutive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50; 10.7 [5.5-12.7] vs 26.1 [6.6-37.2]%, P = 0.025] were significantly increased after exercise. In frequency domain measures, low frequency (62.4 [59.1-79.2] vs 37 [31.3-43.3] nu, P = 0.003) and low frequency/high frequency (1.67 [1.44-3.8] vs 0.58 [0.46-0.59]%, P = 0.009) were significantly decreased, whereas high frequency (95 [67-149] vs 229 [98-427] ms(2), P = 0.006) and high frequency (37.6 [20.8-40.9] vs 63 [56.7-68.7] normalized units, P = 0.003) were significantly increased after exercise. In a Poincaré plot, standard deviation perpendicular to the line of the Poincaré plot (SD1; 21.3 [18.5-24.8]-33.1 [21.5-37.2] ms, P = 0.027) was significantly increased after exercise. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that three times per week moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 6 months improves cardiac rhythm regulation as measured by heart rate variability in type 2 diabetic patients.