Adolescent health promotion and the School Health Program: complexity in the articulation of health and education. / Promoção da saúde de adolescentes e Programa Saúde na Escola: complexidade na articulação saúde e educação.

Objective To analyze the context of health promotion with adolescents in the health and education interface focusing on the actions of the Brazilian School Health Program. Qualitative study conducted in 2015 with professionals working in the Regional Executive Coordination IV, in Fortaleza, Ceará. The data obtained in the interview were processed in the ALCESTE program. 17 health professionals and 22 education professionals participated in the study. The organization of spontaneous demand causes disharmony in the scheduled visits and health actions in the school. The difficulties in the implementation of the School Health Program were demonstrated by the lack of knowledge, the lack of planning among the sectors and the different demarcations in the territory. The professionals' lack of knowledge regarding the program and the lack of action planning confirm the disarticulation of the education and health sectors, although they indicate the possibilities of this inter-sectoral practice.

Pregnant teenagers' group: contributions to prenatal care. / Grupo de gestantes adolescentes: contribuições para o cuidado no pré-natal.

OBJECTIVE: To describe changes in nurses' care following the implementation of a group of pregnant teenagers in prenatal care based on the expectations and experiences of pregnant teenagers. METHOD: Qualitative and descriptive study conducted from February to November 2013 at a Primary Care Unit in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, through focus groups with 16 adolescents from the group of pregnant women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. The analysis identified central ideas and units of meanings that formed the categories. RESULTS: The strategy of a group of pregnant teenagers, which provides a space for coexistence and the establishment of ties encourages these individuals to talk about their needs, re-signifying their ties. Educational strategies to promote self-care of pregnant teenagers and care for their babies involve the sharing of experiences, doubts and beliefs. CONCLUSION: Considerations and suggestions of the adolescents contributed to guide nurses' practice and provide a strategic space of care and support for pregnant adolescents in primary care.

Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid does not modify maternal vascular reactivity in nulliparas.

OBJECTIVE: To assess if the low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) would be capable of modifying endothelial function throughout pregnancy in nulliparous patients. METHODS: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial with 277 were included. A total of 139 were orally administered 100 mg/day of ASA, and 138 received placebo. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery before the start of medication (11-14 weeks) and 20-24 and 30-34 weeks of gestation. The intervention was maintained until 34 weeks. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the placebo and ASA groups. The comparison of FMD during pregnancy was performed using the Friedman test. RESULTS: The groups (ASA and placebo) were similar regarding to age, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) (p > .005). The comparison of values of FMD (%) between placebo vs. ASA at 11 and 14 weeks (8.9 vs. 9.7%, p: .253), 20 and 24 weeks (8.8 vs. 10.7%, p: .152), and 30 and 34 weeks (10.7 vs. 9.8%, p: .314) did not show significant changes throughout pregnancy. We observed a significant prevalence of PE in the placebo regarding to ASA group [14 (10.2%) vs. 8 (5.8%), p: .171]. CONCLUSION: Acetylsalicylic acid did not modify the endothelial function assessed by FMD of the brachial artery during pregnancy in nulliparous women.

"We are humans after all": Family caregivers' experience of caring for dependent older adults in Brazil. / "A gente não é de ferro": Vivências de cuidadores familiares sobre o cuidado com idosos dependentes no Brasil.

This paper aims to understand the experiences of family caregivers with dependent older adults in Brazil and the consequences of caring for dependent older adults in the family caregiver's life. This is a qualitative multicenter study employing dialectical hermeneutics as a theoretical framework. In-depth interviews were conducted with 84 family caregivers in Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Fortaleza, Teresina, Porto Alegre, and Araranguá, and Manaus. The thematic analysis yielded three categories: motivations for taking on the caregiving role, influences on the family caregiver's life, coping, and self-care modalities. The care assumed is influenced by affective relationships with older adults and ethical and moral responsibilities. The influences are related to the lack of preparation for caregiving, financial hardship, restricted freedom, and physical and mental health problems. Coping strategies were religion, spirituality, turn-taking between family caregivers, and learning about the tasks. Women predominate in caregiving due to cultural, ethical, and moral reasons. However, family caregivers often lack guidance and require protection and a support network.

O artigo visa compreender a vivência dos(as) cuidadores(as) familiares com a pessoa idosa dependente no Brasil, bem como entender as consequências dos cuidados de idosos dependentes na vida do cuidador familiar. Estudo multicêntrico, de caráter qualitativo, com referencial teórico hermenêutico-dialético. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com 84 cuidadores familiares nas cidades de Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Fortaleza, Teresina, Porto Alegre, Araranguá e Manaus. Da análise temática, emergiram três categorias: motivações para assumir o papel de cuidador; influências na vida do cuidador familiar; e modalidades de enfrentamento e de cuidado de si. O cuidado assumido é influenciado pelas relações afetivas com o idoso e pela responsabilidade ética e, também, moral. As influências dizem respeito a despreparo para o cuidado, dificuldades financeiras, cerceamento da liberdade e problemas de saúde física e mental. A religião, a espiritualidade, a alternância entre os cuidadores familiares no cuidado e o aprendizado sobre essas tarefas foram estratégias de enfrentamento. A mulher predomina no ato de cuidar por motivações culturais, éticas e morais. Mas frequentemente falta orientação aos cuidadores familiares, que precisam de uma rede de apoio e proteção.

Challenges and possibilities of health professionals in the care of dependent older adults. / Desafios e possibilidades dos profissionais de saúde no cuidado ao idoso dependente.

This study investigates the challenges and possibilities of health professionals in managing care for dependent older adults in PHC. We employed a qualitative approach based on dialectical hermeneutic fusion. Interviews were carried out with 38 health professionals, from June to December 2019, in eight cities in the five Brazilian regions, which resulted in themes about the challenges of professionals in the management of care for older adults, the strategies used, and their suggestions for improving the quality of care for dependent older adults. Management failures, structural factors, access barriers, scarce supplies, disrupted network, and lack of security, were pointed out as hardships in directing health protection, prevention, and promotion actions. The applied strategies are diverse and conflicting and aim to articulate the multiprofessional teams, which involve the Family Health Strategy and specialists to implement care. Strengthening reception, encouraging home consultation, mobilizing support groups, and carrying out health education were among the participants' integrative practices. Due to the complex study object, it was evidenced that professionals recognize the shortcomings in the health services and face undesirable situations due to the lack of qualified personnel in the teams and the defective materials and transportation.

Investiga desafios e possibilidades de profissionais de saúde para a gestão do cuidado de idosos dependentes na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Recorreu-se à abordagem qualitativa fundamentada na fusão hermenêutica dialética. Efetivou-se entrevista com 38 profissionais de saúde, nos meses de junho a dezembro de 2019, em oito cidades das cinco regiões brasileiras. Dos resultados, emergiram temáticas sobre os desafios que os profissionais enfrentam na gestão do cuidado ao idoso, as estratégias por eles utilizadas e suas sugestões para elevar a qualidade do cuidado aos idosos que dependem deste. Falhas na gestão, fatores estruturais, barreiras de acesso, escassez de insumos, desarticulação da rede e falta de segurança foram apontados como dificuldades para direcionar as ações de proteção, prevenção e promoção da saúde. Fortalecer o acolhimento, estimular a consulta domiciliar, mobilizar grupos de apoio e realizar educação em saúde figuraram entre as práticas integrativas sugeridas pelos participantes. Os profissionais reconhecem as deficiências nos serviços de saúde e enfrentam situações indesejadas pela ausência de pessoal qualificado nas equipes, bem como em razão da insuficiência de materiais e de transporte.

Evaluation of the 'Gestação' application from the perspective of semiotics: pregnant women's views. / Avaliação do aplicativo "Gestação" na perspectiva da semiótica: o olhar das gestantes.

Evaluating health-related applications is necessary for their adequacy and dissemination in society. The GestAção application was evaluated based on the opinion of 13 pregnant women followed up in prenatal care consultations at three public health services and at a private institution in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Data emerged from an evaluation carried out from June to December 2017, including semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed from content analysis in thematic and semiotic modality. Thus, the theme "meanings attributed to the application by pregnant women" emerged, which is associated with the following cores of meaning: provision of safe and diverse information; possibility of changing behavior and motivations for using the application. It is considered that semiotics allowed to understand the meanings attributed to the application from the interaction of pregnant women with the tool. The GestAção application was considered satisfactory, motivating to use, informative, safe and promoter of changes in the context of gestational health. Participants' views allow the evaluated technology to compose strategies aimed at promoting health care for pregnant women.

A avaliação de aplicativos voltados à saúde é necessária para a sua adequação e disseminação na sociedade. O aplicativo GestAção foi avaliado com base na opinião de 13 gestantes acompanhadas em consultas pré-natais, em três serviços públicos de saúde e em uma instituição privada, em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Os dados emergiram do processo avaliativo realizado de junho a dezembro de 2017, incluindo entrevistas semiestruturadas, tendo sido analisados a partir da análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática e da Semiótica, resultando no tema "significados atribuídos ao aplicativo pelas gestantes", a qual se associa aos seguintes núcleos de sentido: fornecimento de informações seguras e diversificadas; possibilidade de mudança de comportamento e motivações para a utilização do aplicativo. Considera-se que a Semiótica permitiu compreender os significados atribuídos ao aplicativo, a partir da interação das gestantes com a ferramenta, indicando o GestAção como satisfatório, motivador ao uso, informativo, seguro e promotor de mudanças no contexto da saúde gestacional. O olhar das participantes possibilita que a tecnologia avaliada possa compor as estratégias voltadas à promoção e aos cuidados à saúde das gestantes.

Community health workers caring for dependent elderly people. / Percepções de profissionais sobre o agente comunitário de saúde no cuidado ao idoso dependente.

Community Health Workers (CHWs) are a link between Family Health Strategy (FHS) professionals and the community. This study aims to analyze health care professionals' perceptions and health management about CHWs' role in caring for dependent elderly people. A qualitative study was carried out, from a hermeneutic-dialectic perspective, with 38 professionals working in elderly people's health in cities in the five regions of Brazil. The results identified CHWs as facilitators of access to elderly people dependent on the health care network, gaps in continuing education and the reduced number of these professionals to meet the demand in primary care. Respondents attributed great importance to CHW's performance, valued their participation in FHS, but pointed out a lack of knowledge and difficulties to supply the adequate amount in health care services and in assistance of elderly people with dependence and family. It is concluded that health professionals and managers consider CHWs to be a great workforce and essential to the dependent elderly people and their caregivers. The number of CHWs is insufficient in relation to FHS, and there is a lack of training to deal with various types of dependence.

O Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS) é um elo entre os profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e a comunidade. Objetivou-se analisar as percepções de profissionais da atenção e da gestão em saúde sobre as atribuições do ACS no cuidado ao idoso dependente. Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, na perspectiva hermenêutica-dialética, com 38 profissionais que atuavam na saúde do idoso em municípios das cinco regiões do Brasil. Os resultados identificaram o ACS como facilitador do acesso do idoso dependente à rede de atenção em saúde, lacunas na Educação Permanente e um número reduzido desses profissionais para atender a demanda na atenção primária. Os respondentes atribuíram grande importância à atuação do ACS, valorizaram a sua participação na Estratégia Saúde da Família, mas apontaram a deficiência de conhecimento e dificuldades para suprir a quantidade adequada nos serviços de atenção à saúde e na assistência do idoso com dependência e familiares. Conclui-se que os profissionais e gestores da saúde consideram os ACS uma grande força de trabalho e com atuação imprescindível junto ao idoso dependente e seus cuidadores. O número de ACS é insuficiente em relação à ESF e falta capacitação para lidar com os variados tipos de dependência.

mHealth in the prevention of sexually transmitted infections STIs. / mHealth na prevenção das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST).

The objective of this study was to analyze in the literature how the applications were developed and how they influence the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). PubMed, CAPES Periodicals and Bireme databases were searched using the descriptors sexually transmitted diseases and mHealth combined by the Boolean connector AND. The search considered studies published between 2013 to 2017 available online in Portuguese and English. The results of the studies showed formative research was the most used method and focus group was the most used technique for data collection in the development of an application. This technique aims at the exchange of experience and allows discussion about issues inherent to infections. The applications were built with methodological rigor with the participation of users and with instructional resources that influence the management of the prevention and control of infections.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar na literatura como os aplicativos foram elaborados e como influenciam na prevenção das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST). Levantou-se nas bases de dados PubMed, Periódicos da CAPES e Bireme utilizando os descritores "sexually transmitted diseases" e "mHealth" combinados pelo conector booleano AND. Considerou-se o período entre 2013 e 2017, artigos disponibilizados "on-line" em português e inglês. Os resultados dos estudos mostraram que para a elaboração do aplicativo a pesquisa formativa prevaleceu como método e o grupo focal como a técnica para a coleta de dados. Essa técnica objetiva a troca de experiencia e oportuniza a discussão de assuntos inerentes às infecções. Considera-se que os aplicativos foram construídos com rigor metodológico com a participação de usuários e com recursos instrucionais que influenciam o manejo da prevenção e o controle das infecções.

Internet searches for measures to address COVID-19 in Brazil: a description of searches in the first 100 days of 2020. / Buscas na internet sobre medidas de enfrentamento à COVID-19 no Brasil: descrição de pesquisas realizadas nos primeiros 100 dias de 2020.

OBJECTIVE: to describe profiles of interest of web search queries related to the Covid-19 epidemic in Brazil. METHODS: this was a quantitative and exploratory study using Google Health Trends. We analyzed daily data of interest, defined as search probability (Pr), in 23 terms in searches performed by users connected in Brazil from January 1 to April 9, 2020. RESULTS: the peak in interest (Pr=0.0651) on the theme of coronavirus occurred on March 21. Interest in use of face masks (Pr=0.0041), social distancing (Pr=0.0043) and hand hygiene with alcohol gel (Pr=0.0037) was greater than interest in respiratory etiquette (Pr=0.0010) and hand hygiene with soap and water (Pr=0.0005). CONCLUSION: the difference in interest in issues related to combating Covid-19 was substantial and can guide new strategies for disseminating health information.

Reflective study on participatory diagnosis as a community research strategy.

OBJECTIVES: to conceive a theoretical-reflective discussion about participatory diagnosis as a methodological option in participatory research. METHODS: this is a reflection study, based on an experience that used participatory diagnosis as a research strategy in a socially vulnerable community. It was intended to implicate social groups in the search for identification and solution to the problems. RESULTS: the use of participatory diagnosis has provided significant results regarding the importance given by participants to community empowerment in the fight for health, quality of life and social empowerment. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: participatory research and its relationship to participatory diagnosis favors the understanding of social issues, including health conditions, education and effective participation in problem solving.

Labor market insecurity for nursing assistants and technicians in the State of Ceará, Brazil. / Precarização do mercado de trabalho de auxiliares e técnicos de Enfermagem no Ceará, Brasil.

The article analyzes the labor market of nursing assistants and technicians in the State of Ceará, Brazil, from 2013 to 2017, concerning job insecurity aspects. Two data sources were employed. The cross-sectional Brazilian Nursing Team Profile Survey (PPEB) was used as the baseline, and the longitudinal Annual List of Social Information (RAIS) database, allowed the study of the trend of some of the variables related to job insecurity. Given the small number of similar studies for this professional category, we opted for an exploratory data approach that supported a critical discussion of the results. The job insecurity of nursing assistants and technicians is supported by empirical evidence in the four perspectives adopted by the International Labor Organization-ILO: time-related, economic, social, and organizational. While it is a market with a positive balance of admissions compared to layoffs, jobs have low salaries, poor work relationships, high turnover, lack of prospect of career advancement, and adverse working conditions such as exposure to violence, discrimination, and accidents. We can conclude that RAIS data corroborate the PPEB findings, and point out that there is no trend of improvement for this situation.

O artigo analisa o mercado de trabalho de auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem no Ceará, nos anos de 2013 a 2017, nos aspectos relacionados à precarização do trabalho. Duas fontes de dados foram empregadas. A Pesquisa sobre o Perfil da Equipe de Enfermagem no Brasil (PPEB), de caráter transversal, foi utilizada como linha de base, e a Relação Anual de Informações Sociais-RAIS, longitudinal, possibilitou o estudo da evolução de algumas das variáveis relacionadas à precarização do trabalho. Dada a pequena quantidade de estudos semelhantes para essa categoria profissional, optou-se por realizar uma abordagem exploratória que subsidiou uma discussão crítica dos resultados. A precarização do trabalho de auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem é sustentada por evidências empíricas nas quatro perspectivas adotadas pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho-OIT: temporal, econômica, social e organizacional. Embora seja um mercado com saldo positivo de admissões em relação aos desligamentos, os empregos apresentam baixos salários, vínculos precários, alta rotatividade, ausência de perspectiva de ascensão e condições adversas de trabalho, como exposição a violência, discriminação e acidentes. Conclui-se que os dados da RAIS corroboram os achados da PPEB e apontam que inexiste qualquer tendência de melhora dessa situação.

Mobile health technology for gestational care: evaluation of the GestAção's app.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the GestAção application, based on the experience of pregnant women use. METHOD: an evaluative, applied, methodological, quantitative-qualitative study. This tool was evaluated by 13 pregnant women through questionnaires for sociodemographic profile characterization and Likert scale use to calculate Content Validity Index (CVI); and semi-structured interview, with analysis based on Semiotics. RESULTS: the study evidenced a significant level of satisfaction of pregnant women with the application use, considering the objectives (CVI = 0.92), structure and presentation (CVI = 0.86), and relevance (CVI = 0.92). FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the GestAção application obtained an overall CVI of 0.90, evidencing it as a facilitating and supporting technology in the empowerment of pregnant women interested in obtaining knowledge about pregnancy. It has been proved to be a powerful tool to qualify good practices in nursing consultation.

Development and evaluation of an application for syphilis control.

OBJECTIVE: to develop and evaluate an application for syphilis control in pregnant women. METHOD: methodological research developed between March and November of 2016 in two phases: bibliographic survey of the years 2012 to 2016 in the databases PubMed, CAPES and Scopus and application development. Eight users participated in the usability test and five doctors and five nurses working in prenatal care participated in the evaluation. RESULTS: the application contains informative video, information about the disease, map of health clinics, agenda function and anonymous notification. The evaluation of the objective, function and relevance was considered adequate with value higher than 0.80 in all items of the Content Validity Index. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the application makes easier the routine of health services in the context of health promotion, in the convocation and treatment of pregnant women and their partners.

Homens cuidadores informais de idosos dependentes no Brasil / Hombres cuidadores informales de ancianos dependientes en Brasil / Men as informal caregivers of dependent older adults in Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as motivações e as implicações do cuidado de familiares idosos dependentes realizado por homens. Com base em pesquisa qualitativa realizada entre julho e dezembro de 2018 em seis cidades nas cinco regiões brasileiras, foram entrevistados 11 homens que desempenham a tarefa de cuidadores informais. Eles assumiram essa tarefa em razão de as mulheres estarem exaustas e adoecidas, assim como por reciprocidade afetiva e marital. Os filhos manifestaram desconforto na administração de cuidados pessoais aos pais, enquanto os cônjuges apresentaram dificuldades com atividades domésticas. Os cuidadores solitários estavam cansados, com dores, privação do sono, sintomas depressivos e solidão. O suporte prestado por familiares e cuidadores formais mostrou-se valioso para amenizar o sofrimento dos cuidadores que relutavam em pedir ajuda. Há necessidade de os profissionais de saúde estarem atentos aos prestadores de cuidados informais aos familiares.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las motivaciones y las implicaciones del cuidado de familiares ancianos dependientes realizado por hombres. A partir de una investigación cualitativa realizada entre julio y diciembre de 2018 en seis ciudades en las cinco regiones brasileñas, se entrevistaron 11 hombres que desempeñan la tarea de cuidadores informales. Los hombres asumieron esta tarea porque las mujeres estaban exhaustas y enfermas y por reciprocidad afectiva y marital. Los hijos manifestaron incomodidad en la administración de cuidados personales a los padres, mientras que los cónyuges presentaron dificultades con actividades domésticas. Los cuidadores solitarios estaban cansados, con dolores, privación de sueño, síntomas depresivos y soledad. El soporte prestado por familiares y cuidadores formales se mostró valioso para disminuir el sufrimiento de los cuidadores que titubeaban en pedir ayuda. Existe la necesidad de que los profesionales de salud estén atentos a los prestadores de cuidados informales a los familiares.(AU)

The objective of study was to understand the motivations and implications of care given by men for dependent elderly family members. Qualitative research happened between July and December 2018 in six cities in the five Brazilian regions, interviewing 11 men who perform tasks as informal caregivers. The men assumed this task because the women's exhaustion and sickness, added to affective and marital reciprocity. Their sons expressed discomfort in taking personal care of their parents, while the spouses had difficulties with domestic activities. Lonely caregivers were tired, in pain, sleep deprived, experiencing depressive symptoms and loneliness. Support provided by family members and formal caregivers proved to be valuable in alleviating the suffering of caregivers who were reluctant to ask for help. Health professionals are called to pay attention to informal care providers for family members.(AU)

Procrastination in the early detection of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the meaning of postponement of breast cancer detection based on interviews with 26 women who were submited to mastectomy. METHOD: qualitative study based on Symbolic Interactionism with Content Analysis in thematic modality, carried out in a public service outpatient clinic, in a capital city of Northeastern Brazil. RESULTS: faced with the participants' reports, the theme 'meanings attributed to procrastination of breast health care' emerged. The meaning given by women to the reasons for postponing breast care permeate the interfaces between personal reasons and difficulties found in the healthcare network. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: early detection is considered to be delayed for fear of diagnosis, personal, cultural barriers, and difficulties in health services.

Coping with problems that impact on the health of a socially vulnerable community from the residents' perspective. / Enfrentamento de problemas que impactam na saúde de uma comunidade socialmente vulnerável sob a ótica dos moradores.

This research aims to identify the strategies adopted by dwellers of a socially vulnerable community, characterized by social and economic inequality, to address the problems that interfere in the health conditions. A participant investigation anchored in hermeneutics was conducted through participatory diagnosis, with 31 residents of the Dendê community, who were called vital informants. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews, street walking and focus groups. WebQDA software was adopted to support data analysis, based on content analysis in the thematic modality, which resulted in the following categories: "individual or small group actions", "partnerships between residents and social organizations" and "partnerships with public and private sectors". We considered that the condition of vulnerability motivated by a diversity of social determinants generates negative impacts on health, requiring planning and implementation of policies and actions geared to people's well-being. This reflects the relevance of the participatory diagnosis, which can be supported by people and Information and Communication Technologies to increase community participation in health promotion actions.

Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar as estratégias adotadas por moradores de uma comunidade socialmente vulnerável, caracterizada pela desigualdade econômica e social, para o enfrentamento dos problemas que interferem nas condições de saúde. Realizou-se pesquisa participante por meio do diagnóstico participativo, ancorada na Hermenêutica. Participaram 31 moradores da Comunidade do Dendê, denominados informantes-chave. Coletaram-se os dados a partir de entrevista semiestruturada, caminhada de rua e grupos focais. Utilizou-se o software WebQDA para amparar a análise dos dados, com base na Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade temática, identificando-se as seguintes categorias: "ações individuais ou de pequenos grupos de pessoas", "parcerias entre moradores e organizações sociais" e "parcerias com segmentos públicos e privados". Considera-se que a condição de vulnerabilidade, motivada por uma diversidade de determinantes sociais, gera impactos negativos sobre a saúde, tornando necessário o planejamento e a efetivação de políticas e ações voltadas ao bem estar da população. Isso reflete a relevância do diagnóstico participativo, o qual pode ser apoiado pelas pessoas e Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação para ampliar a participação comunitária nas ações promotoras de saúde.

Contributions of the physical therapist to primary health care based on multiprofessional residency / Contribuições da fisioterapia para a Atenção Primária à Saúde a partir da residência multiprofissional

Abstract Introduction Multiprofessional residency in health (MHS) is a professional training program focussed on Brazil's Unified Health System that aims to reorient techno-assistance logics and significantly contributes to the insertion and consolidation of physical therapy into primary health care (PHC). Objective To understand the perceptions of health professionals and managers about the contributions of the MRH to the insertion of physical therapy into PHC. Methods This qualitative study was based on hermeneutics and was conducted in the municipality of Aracati, Ceará, Brazil, with 15 professionals making up a convenience sample. Eligible were PHC professionals with higher education working in urban areas. The data were collected from March to June 2023 through semistructured interviews with the researchers. The data analysis was based on reading the material, organizing it into themes, and interpreting these in depth. Results The first contact with physical therapy occurs in scenarios that range from individual and shared consultations to health programs at school, whose actions are optimized by PHC from the MHS. There are numerous physical therapy care strategies, especially actions focussed on biopsychosocial aspects. The involvement of physical therapists in health promotion is revealed by the inclusion of professionals in health promotion groups. Health education from a multiprofessional perspective enhances care through promotion and prevention. Conclusion The MHS strengthens the need for physical therapy in PHC and enhances primary care.

Resumo Introdução A partir da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (RMS) ocorre uma capacitação profissional mais direcionada para o Sistema Único de Saúde, visando a reorientação das lógicas tecnoassistenciais e contribuindo de forma significativa para a inserção e consolidação da fisioterapia na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Objetivo Compreender a percepção dos profissionais e gestores de saúde sobre as contribuições da RMS para a inserção da fisioterapia na APS. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo fundamentado na hermenêutica, desenvolvido no município de Aracati, Ceará, Brasil, com 15 profissionais por conveniência. A elegibilidade dos participantes centrou-se em profissionais de nível superior da APS em área urbana. A coleta de dados aconteceu de março a junho de 2023, através de uma entrevista semiestruturada elaborada pelos pesquisadores. A análise de dados ocorreu com base na leitura do material, organização em temáticas e interpretação por profundidade. Resultados O primeiro contato com a fisioterapia acontece em cenários que envolvem desde a consulta individual e compartilhada a programas de saúde na escola, cujas ações são otimizadas pela APS a partir da residência. As estratégias de cuidado da fisioterapia são inúmeras, principalmente ações centradas nos aspectos biopsicossociais. A inserção da fisioterapia na promoção da saúde é revelada pela inclusão do profissional em grupos de promoção da saúde. A educação em saúde na perspectiva multiprofissional é potencializadora do cuidado pelas ações de promoção e prevenção. Conclusão A residência multiprofissional fortalece a inserção da fisioterapia na APS e potencializa os cuidados primários.

Autolesão não suicida em mulheres jovens: compreensão dos significados envolvidos no ato autolesivo / Nonsuicidal self-injury in young women: understanding the meanings involved in the self-injurious act

Resumo A autolesão entre mulheres jovens é problema de saúde pública ainda pouco conhecido e compreendido por pais, educadores e profissionais de saúde. Procurou-se compreender o comportamento autolesivo em mulheres jovens numa perspectiva do significado, ações e interpretação da situação vivenciada. Trata-se de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa que utilizou entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados, no período de janeiro a março de 2020. Os dados foram organizados pelo programa MAXQDA e analisados com base no Interacionismo Simbólico. As cinco entrevistadas são jovens educadas pelas mães, possuem pouco ou nenhum contato com os pais. Narraram histórias de abuso sexual, rejeição paterna, bullying e baixo acolhimento no ambiente escolar. Estabeleceram uma percepção pessimista de si, oriunda de interpretações próprias e de suas interações sociais. Enxergaram a autolesão como refúgio. Praticaram a autolesão quando estavam sob sentimentos negativos insuportáveis. Viviam num ciclo de substituição do sofrer psicológico pelo padecimento físico. Todas admitiram possuir temperamentos ansiosos, baixa autoestima e inabilidades socioemocionais. A autolesão tem vínculo direto com os significados que essas jovens se atribuem. Nas escolas, a incorporação de conhecimento sobre bem-estar deve ser estimulada para a formação de pessoas mais eficazes na resolução de problemas.

Abstract Self-injury among young women is a public health problem that is still little known and understood by parents, educators and health professionals. We sought to understand selfinjurious behavior in young women from a perspective of the meaning, actions and interpretation of the experienced situation. This qualitative research used semi-structured interview for data collection from January to March 2020. The data were organized by the MAXQDA software and analyzed based on Symbolic Interactionism. The five interviewees are young people educated by their mothers, with little or no contact with their fathers. They narrated stories of sexual abuse, parental rejection, bullying and low acceptance in the school environment. They established a pessimistic perception of themselves arising from their own interpretations and their social interactions. They saw self-injury as a refuge. They practiced self-injury when they were under unbearable negative feelings. They lived in a cycle of substituting psychological suffering for physical suffering. All admitted having anxious temperaments, low self-esteem and socioemotional disabilities. Self-injury is directly linked to the meanings these young women give to themselves. At schools, the incorporation of knowledge about well-being should be encouraged to train people who are more effective in solving problems.

Mastectomy and the Meaning Attributed by Patients to Delay in Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is a major public health problem and its early detection (ED) can reduce the number of breast mutilations, morbidity and mortality rates, health costs and negative health outcomes. Given that, this study aimed to assess the meaning attributed by mastectomized women to delay in early detection of their breast cancers. Methods: Qualitative research was conducted with 26 mastectomized women who participated in semi-structured interviews about the meaning of delay in early detection of breast cancer in a reference oncology outpatient clinic in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil from December 2015 to January 2016. Information was analyzed on the basis of symbolic interactionism. Results: After noticing breast changes, women start to ponder about them and experience this moment according to interpretive particularities. Fear of disease, multiple roles in modern society, denial of breast changes, lack of information on the issue, and lack of professionals to encourage their involvement in health care, favor delay in the search for care and therefore in the early detection of breast cancer, which is a determinant of therapeutic success. Conclusion: Women receive limited information and professional support for breast health. Delay in early diagnosis occurred in all the women who participated in the study.

Realities and perspectives of adolescent mothers in their first pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the trajectory of adolescents regarding the first pregnancy, contemplating realities and perspectives. METHOD: qualitative study, based on the Schütz theoretical framework, with 30 adolescents assisted in an outpatient clinic for adolescents in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. From the narrative interviews carried out in the first semester of 2013, in the return for the first consultation of the puerperium, the communicative processes were identified, the central ideas and units of meanings expressed in the themes were abstracted: I was dating and became pregnant; realities and perspectives. RESULTS: adolescents justified pregnancy through sexual drive and insufficient prevention; they narrated the fear faced, difficulties in motherhood and continuity of studies. The realities coexisted with the prospects of family members and partners helping to educate the child to achieve a different future from what they themselves experienced. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: adolescents experienced motherhood with ambivalent conflicts because they were young mothers, but they wanted to raise and educate their children, even those with minimal living conditions.