Biodegradable seeds of holmium don't change neurological function after implant in brain of rats.

AIM: To evaluate the surgical procedure and parenchymal abnormalities related to implantation of ceramic seeds with holmium-165 in rats' brain. BACKGROUND: An effective method of cancer treatment is brachytherapy in which radioactive seeds are implanted in the tumor, generating a high local dose of ionizing radiation that can eliminate tumor cells while protecting the surrounding healthy tissue. Biodegradable Ho166-ceramic-seeds have been addressed recently. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The experiments in this study were approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, protocol number 2012/034. Twenty-one adult Fischer rats were divided into Naive Group, Sham Group and Group for seed implants (ISH). Surgical procedures for implantation of biodegradable seeds were done and 30 days after the implant radiographic examination and biopsy of the brain were performed. Neurological assays were also accomplished to exclude any injury resulting from either surgery or implantation of the seeds. RESULTS: Radiographic examination confirmed the location of the seeds in the brain. Neurological assays showed animals with regular spontaneous activity. The histological analysis showed an increase of inflammatory cells in the brain of the ISH group. Electron microscopy evidenced cytoplasmic organelles to be unchanged. Biochemical analyzes indicate there was neither oxidative stress nor oxidative damage in the ISH brain. CAT activity showed no difference between the groups as well as lipid peroxidation measured by TBARS. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the data pointed out that the performed procedure is safe as no animal showed alterations of the neurological parameters and the seeds did not promote histological architectural changes in the brain tissue.

Analysis of liver fragment subjected to autologous transplant at rat's retroperitoneum.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the regeneration process of autologous implants of liver on the retroperitoneum. METHODS: Thirty male Fisher rats were used divided in to group 1 (G1): studied 60 d after surgery; group 2 (G2): studied 90 d after surgery; group 3 (G3): studied 180 d after surgery; and group C (GC): animals without surgery. Hepatic fragment was processed for histologic and biochemical analysis. RESULTS: There was inflammatory infiltrate, diffuse hydropic degeneration, necrosis, and moderate fibrosis that reduced in direct relation to the postsurgical time. The concentration of albumin was different between GC and G1 and between G1 and G3 (P = 0.0007). The Catalase (CAT) was related to the time of surgery with GC being different when compared with G1, G2, and G3 (P < 0.0001). The oxidative stress measured through the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances lipid peroxidation was different between the GC and the G2 groups (P = 0.0381). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis made showed hepatic regeneration in the fragment subjected to autologous transplant at the retroperitoneum.

OPEN, LAPAROSCOPIC, AND ROBOTIC-ASSISTED HEPATECTOMY IN RESECTION OF LIVER TUMORS: A NON-SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

INTRODUCTION: Several factors have made hepatectomy an increasingly safe surgery and new drugs allowed surgical treatment for patients who initially were not candidates for resection. Lesions often require resection, which can be performed by open, laparoscopic, or robotic assisted hepatectomy. AIM: Compare the surgical techniques in open, laparoscopic, and robotic assisted hepatectomy for resection of liver tumors. METHODS: Literature review based on scientific papers published on Lilacs/Pubmed/Scielo in the last 17 years regarding the indications of these techniques for liver tumor resections and on papers comparing such techniques. RESULTS: The comparative study shows the benefits of laparoscopic surgery over open surgery, such as smaller incisions, less postoperative pain, shorter recovery time, smaller immune and metabolic response, and quicker restoration of oral ingestion as well as lower morbidity rates. However, the need for a specialized surgical team and the reduction in handling area still remain as disadvantages in the laparoscopic technique. It is yet not clear whether robotic assistance presents considerable benefits over the laparoscopic technique considering that high acquisition and maintenance costs are limiting factors. CONCLUSION: Despite all challenges, laparoscopic hepatectomy presents many benefits over open surgery. The robotic assisted technique is still in evolution as many centers in the world perform hepatic resections with the platforms but only after a thorough patient selection. Thus, laparoscopy stands as the best option, unless there is some contraindication to the procedure.

[Study of artificial valves on left colon after rectal partial abdominoperineal resection with perineal colostomy, in dogs]. / Estudo de válvulas artificiais no cólon esquerdo após amputação abdominoperineal parcial do reto mais colostomia perineal, em cães.

BACKGROUND: Throughout time, perineal colostomy in abdominoperineal resection, as a way to avoid abdominal colostomy, was studied. Perineal colostomy associated with a slowing down mechanism for stool transit has been studied for many years with satisfactory results. AIM: The investigation of a colic valvoplasty in dogs which have undergone an abdominoperineal resection plus perineal colostomy, and the discussion of the results achieved in clinic and histopathologic analysis are the objective of this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experimental model of this research studied the colon of dogs. Sixty five animals were operated and divided in five groups: 10 animals in the pilot group, 15 animals in control group and 40 animals in 3 other groups of observation with 10, 20 and 30 days of postoperative care. The dogs underwent a rectal partial abdominoperineal resection with perineal colostomy associated to a circumferential extramucosal seromiotomy of the left colon (except in the control group). RESULTS: Through postoperative and post-mortem observation it was possible to verify solid stool before the valves showing the efficiency of the mechanism in slowing it down. The histological analysis of the valves showed connective growth with fibrosis in the whole incised serous and muscular layers, separating them. A fibrous ring diminished the colon lumen in response to the artificial valve created by the scar that appeared in the inverted suture of the serous and muscular layers. The inflammatory fibrous repair process occurred in all valves, associated to foreign body type reactions and to partial stricture of the colon lumen. CONCLUSION: The circumferential seromiotomy produces a fibrous ring that provides stool retention on the descending colon.

ROBOTIC SURGERY: BIOETHICAL ASPECTS.

Introduction: The use of robots in surgery has been increasingly common today, allowing the emergence of numerous bioethical issues in this area. Objective: To present review of the ethical aspects of robot use in surgery. Method: Search in Pubmed, SciELO and Lilacs crossing the headings "bioethics", "surgery", "ethics", "laparoscopy" and "robotic". Results: Of the citations obtained, were selected 17 articles, which were used for the preparation of the article. It contains brief presentation on robotics, its inclusion in health and bioethical aspects, and the use of robots in surgery. Conclusion: Robotic surgery is a reality today in many hospitals, which makes essential bioethical reflection on the relationship between health professionals, automata and patients.

Introdução: A utilização de robôs em procedimentos cirúrgicos tem sido cada vez mais frequente na atualidade, o que permite a emergência de inúmeras questões bioéticas nesse âmbito. Objetivo: Apresentar revisão sobre os aspectos éticos dos usos de robôs em cirurgia. Método: Realizou-se revisão nas bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO e Lilacs cruzando-se os descritores "bioética", "cirurgia", "ética", "laparoscopia" e "robótica". Resultados: Do total de citações obtidas, selecionou-se 17 artigos, os quais foram utilizados para a elaboração do artigo. Ele contém breve apresentação sobre a robótica, sua inserção na saúde e os aspectos bioéticos da utilização dos robôs em procedimentos cirúrgicos. Conclusão: A cirurgia robótica é uma realidade, hoje, em muitas unidades hospitalares, o que torna essencial a reflexão bioética sobre as relações entre profissionais da saúde, autômatos e pacientes.

Study of the clinical and histopathological repercussions of the "omental band" in dogs' stomach.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the "omental band" as a bariatric surgical technique. METHODS: A sample of 35 dogs was studied. The Test Group was composed by 20 dogs. Of these, six were observed by 10 days, six were observed by 20 days and eight were observed by 30 days of post-operatory. The Control Group was composed by 15 dogs. Of these, five were observed by 10 days, five were observed by 20 days and five were observed by 30 days of post-operatory. The weight loose was the variable utilized to the evaluation of the efficacy of the surgical technique described in this study, once all of the dogs were weighted in precision balance before the surgical act and at the end of the post-operatory observation period. RESULTS: At the end of the study it was observed that the weight loose of the dogs submitted to the "omental band's" surgical technique was meaningfully higher in comparison with the dogs of the Control Group at the end of the post-operatory observation period. CONCLUSION: The surgical technique of the "omental band" showed effective in dogs, once has proposed a meaningfully weight loose.

[Arterial anatomy of the sigmoid colon useful for colon take down techniques]. / Contribuição à anatomia arterial do cólon sigmóide aplicável a operações de abaixamento.

BACKGROUND: An anatomic study about the arterial vascularization of the sigmoid was performed in order to obtain guidelines for the surgical treatment of rectal carcinoma. AIM: In the proposed technique, the sigmoid is brought down to the perineum, after radical anal-rectal resection, including sphincterectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-three anatomical pieces were obtained through in situ dissection of formolized corpses (22 were male and 11 female). Turpentine solution, red marking, polyvinyl chloride were the materials used for preparation after catheterization of the inferior mesenteric artery. RESULTS: The inferior mesenteric artery originated in most cases from the left side of the abdominal aorta, approximately 4.3 cm fromits bifurcation point; the left colonic artery, in 25 cases, originated straight from the inferior mesenteric artery below the left colonic artery, after which the sigmoid would be brought down to the perineum. CONCLUSION: Knowledge about arterial vascularization of the sigmoid could be helpful in the surgical management of rectal cancer.

Open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted hepatectomy in resection of liver tumors: a non-systematic review / Hepatectomia aberta, videolaparoscópica e assistida por robótica em ressecção de tumores hepáticos: uma revisão não sistemática

ABSTRACT Introduction: Several factors have made hepatectomy an increasingly safe surgery and new drugs allowed surgical treatment for patients who initially were not candidates for resection. Lesions often require resection, which can be performed by open, laparoscopic, or robotic assisted hepatectomy. Aim: Compare the surgical techniques in open, laparoscopic, and robotic assisted hepatectomy for resection of liver tumors. Methods: Literature review based on scientific papers published on Lilacs/Pubmed/Scielo in the last 17 years regarding the indications of these techniques for liver tumor resections and on papers comparing such techniques. Results: The comparative study shows the benefits of laparoscopic surgery over open surgery, such as smaller incisions, less postoperative pain, shorter recovery time, smaller immune and metabolic response, and quicker restoration of oral ingestion as well as lower morbidity rates. However, the need for a specialized surgical team and the reduction in handling area still remain as disadvantages in the laparoscopic technique. It is yet not clear whether robotic assistance presents considerable benefits over the laparoscopic technique considering that high acquisition and maintenance costs are limiting factors. Conclusion: Despite all challenges, laparoscopic hepatectomy presents many benefits over open surgery. The robotic assisted technique is still in evolution as many centers in the world perform hepatic resections with the platforms but only after a thorough patient selection. Thus, laparoscopy stands as the best option, unless there is some contraindication to the procedure.

RESUMO Introdução: Nas últimas décadas, inúmeros fatores transformaram as hepatectomias em operações mais seguras. A quimioterapia, juntamente com novas drogas para o tratamento de metástases propiciaram melhores respostas, o que possibilitou a indicação cirúrgica em pacientes que inicialmente não eram candidatos a ela. Lesões hepáticas muitas vezes requerem ressecção, que pode ser realizada tanto por laparotomia, por videolaparoscopia ou assistida por plataforma robótica. Objetivo: Comparar as técnicas cirúrgicas para ressecção de tumores hepáticos. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão com base em artigos científicos publicados nos últimos anos, sobre as indicações dessas técnicas e em artigos que comparam-nas. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Lilacs/Pubmed/Scielo. Resultados: O estudo evidenciou vantagens da videolaparoscopia sobre a laparotomia, tais como menores incisões, redução na dor pós-operatória, menor tempo de recuperação dos doentes, dentre outras. No entanto, a necessidade de equipe especializada e a restrição na manipulação da área, consistem, ainda, em desvantagens consideráveis da técnica laparoscópica. Atualmente, ainda não está claro se o auxílio robótico demonstra vantagem substancial sobre a técnica laparoscópica, sendo o alto custo de aquisição e manutenção importante fator limitante. Conclusão: Apesar dos obstáculos e desafios, a hepatectomia laparoscópica demonstra vantagens sobre a laparotômica. A técnica assistida por robótica ainda está em evolução, sendo poucos os centros no mundo que a realizam nas ressecções hepáticas. Dessa forma, indica-se a laparoscopia, a menos que haja alguma contraindicação para sua realização.

Robotic surgery: bioethical aspects / Cirurgia robótica: aspectos bioéticos

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of robots in surgery has been increasingly common today, allowing the emergence of numerous bioethical issues in this area. Objective: To present review of the ethical aspects of robot use in surgery. Method: Search in Pubmed, SciELO and Lilacs crossing the headings "bioethics", "surgery", "ethics", "laparoscopy" and "robotic". Results: Of the citations obtained, were selected 17 articles, which were used for the preparation of the article. It contains brief presentation on robotics, its inclusion in health and bioethical aspects, and the use of robots in surgery. Conclusion: Robotic surgery is a reality today in many hospitals, which makes essential bioethical reflection on the relationship between health professionals, automata and patients.

RESUMO Introdução: A utilização de robôs em procedimentos cirúrgicos tem sido cada vez mais frequente na atualidade, o que permite a emergência de inúmeras questões bioéticas nesse âmbito. Objetivo: Apresentar revisão sobre os aspectos éticos dos usos de robôs em cirurgia. Método: Realizou-se revisão nas bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO e Lilacs cruzando-se os descritores "bioética", "cirurgia", "ética", "laparoscopia" e "robótica". Resultados: Do total de citações obtidas, selecionou-se 17 artigos, os quais foram utilizados para a elaboração do artigo. Ele contém breve apresentação sobre a robótica, sua inserção na saúde e os aspectos bioéticos da utilização dos robôs em procedimentos cirúrgicos. Conclusão: A cirurgia robótica é uma realidade, hoje, em muitas unidades hospitalares, o que torna essencial a reflexão bioética sobre as relações entre profissionais da saúde, autômatos e pacientes.

Study of the clinical and histopathological repercussions of the "omental band" in dogs' stomach

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the "omental band" as a bariatric surgical technique. METHODS: A sample of 35 dogs was studied. The Test Group was composed by 20 dogs. Of these, six were observed by 10 days, six were observed by 20 days and eight were observed by 30 days of post-operatory. The Control Group was composed by 15 dogs. Of these, five were observed by 10 days, five were observed by 20 days and five were observed by 30 days of post-operatory. The weight loose was the variable utilized to the evaluation of the efficacy of the surgical technique described in this study, once all of the dogs were weighted in precision balance before the surgical act and at the end of the post-operatory observation period. RESULTS: At the end of the study it was observed that the weight loose of the dogs submitted to the "omental band's" surgical technique was meaningfully higher in comparison with the dogs of the Control Group at the end of the post-operatory observation period. CONCLUSION: The surgical technique of the "omental band" showed effective in dogs, once has proposed a meaningfully weight loose. .

Anatomic variation of thorax drainage: absence of accessory hemiazygos vein

Formed by the azygos, hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins, this system is responsible for the venous drainage of the thorax and partially of the abdomen. Abnormalities of this system are not uncommon, and many are referred to in literature. The complete agenesis of the accessory hemyazigos vein is associated with complete regression of the left posterior cardinal vein or atrophy of the left subcardinal vein. The reported case consists of the complete absence of the accessory hemiazygos vein, culminating in the drainage of the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th left posterior intercostal veins directly into the azygos vein of a male cadaver. The importance of the theme is due to the necessity of recognizing patterns and frequencies of these variations when facing procedures addressing the mediastinum or the major vessels.

Sternalis muscle: an anatomic variation of the anterior chest wall

The sternalis muscle’s presence is an uncommon anatomic variation of the anterior chest wall’s musculature. It is insufficiently mentioned by the most of anatomical textbooks, although it has been well described by the literature. The study of this anatomic variation is extremely relevant, principally for the interpretation of image’s exams that approach this region. For this study’s achievement, 102 cadavers were dissected (97 of the male sex and 5 of the female sex). The study of the sternalis muscle avoids the expenses with exams and the indication of aggressive treatments in a wrong way.

Estudo das anastomoses entre os territórios de irrigação das artérias mesentéricas cranial e caudal (arcada paracólica) após ligadura das artérias mesentérica caudal e retais médias e inferiores combinada com colostomia perineal no cão / Study of the anastomoses between the territories of irrigation of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries (paracholic arch) after ligation of the caudal mesenteric arteries and the middle and lower rectal combined with perineal colostomy in the dog

Objetivo: investigar experimentalmente o suprimento arterial do colo descendente e reto, após ligadura da artéria mesentérica caudal, pela análise da viabilidade da arcada paracólica suprida pela persistência da irrigação do colo descendente. Métodos: foram estudados 30 animais separados em três grupos para observação pós-operatória de 24, 48 e 72 horas. Realizaram-se laparotomia, ligadura da artéria mesentérica caudal e dos vasos retais médios, ligadura do pedículo vascular retal inferior, amputação do reto e posterior colostomia perineal. Foi realizada relaparotomia após o período de observação, com identificação da mesma região. Os cães foram, então, mortos, sendo retirados três pequenos segmentos: um a 10 cm e dois a 10 cm acima e abaixo do linfonodo mesentérico caudal, respectivamente. Resultados: no grupo de animais observados com 72 horas de pós-operatório, abaixo do linfonodo, houve viabilidade estatisticamente significativa, tendo ocorrido necrose estatisticamente significativa nos grupos de 24 e 48 horas. Conclusão: a viabilidade do cólon e do reto cranial depende de anastomose entre os territórios da mesentérica cranial e caudal, mas essa comunicação não está presente em todos os animais.

Objective: experimentally investigate the arterial supply of the descending colon and rectum after ligation of the caudal mesenteric artery, by examining the viability of the paracolic arcade supplied by the persistent irrigation of the descending colon. Methods: 30 animals separated into three groups for 24, 48 and 72 hours posoperatory observation were under study. Laparotomy, ligation of the caudal mesenteric artery and middle rectal vessels, ligation of the inferior rectal vascular pedicle, amputation of lhe rectum and posterior perineal colostomy were performed. Then the dogs were killed, and three small segments were removed: one at 10 cm and two others at 10 cm above and below the caudal mesenteric lymph nodes, respectively. Results: in the group of animals observed with 72 hours posoperatory, there was statistically significant viability below the limph node,with statistically significant necrosis in the 24 and 48 hour groups. Conclusions: the viability of colon and rectal cranial depends on the anastomosis between the territories of the cranial and caudal mesentric, but this communication is not found in all the animals.

Estudo histopatológico comparativo de linfonodos jugulodigástricos em radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço, no cão / Comparative histopathological study of jugulodigastric lymph nodes on head and neck radiotherapy, in the dog

Introdução: A radioterapia pode ser usada com eficácia tantoexclusivamente quanto como adjuvante no tratamento dospacientes com gânglios cervicais clinicamente positivos. Osresultados do tratamento são reservados na maioria dos casos.Objetivo: Descrever as alterações histopatológicas observadasem linfonodos jugulodigástricos de um cão submetido a irradiaçõesde cabeça e pescoço com Cobalto 60 (Co60). Método: Um cãofoi submetido a irradiações da região lateral esquerda da cabeçae pescoço, utilizando-se Cobalto 60 (Co60), com doses semanaisde 2 Gy durante duas semanas, totalizando 4 Gy de radiação.Procedeu-se à exérese de um linfonodo jugulodigástrico esquerdoe de um linfonodo jugulodigástrico direito, com subsequenteanálise histopatológica. Resultados: No linfonodo jugulodigástricodireito foi observada ausência das trabéculas que se projetariamda cápsula e ausência de nódulos linfoides na lâmina, que foitomada por um tecido conjuntivo denso desordenado jovem. Nolinfonodo jugulodigástrico esquerdo observou-se pronunciadafibrose densa ordenada no centro da peça, circundada portecido conjuntivo denso desordenado. Conclusão: Os efeitosda radioterapia atingem também as células constituintes doslinfonodos, ocasionando um processo inflamatório que leva àdestruição dessas células, que são substituídas por tecido fibrosocicatricial. Ocorre então a perda de função dos linfonodos, oque causa obstrução da drenagem linfática e imunossupressãotransitória devido à perda de células do sistema imune.

Estudo de válvulas artificiais no cólon esquerdo após amputação abdominoperineal parcial do reto mais colostomia perineal, em cães / Study of artificial valves on left colon after rectal partial abdominoperineal resection with perineal colostomy, in dogs

RACIONAL: Ao longo do tempo, estudou-se a escolha da colostomia perineal como a forma de se evitar a colostomia abdominal após cirurgia de amputação abdominoperineal. A colostomia perineal associada a um mecanismo frenador das fezes vem sendo estudada há vários anos com resultados satisfatórios. OBJETIVO: Investigação, em cães, da valvuloplastia cólica aplicada à amputação abdominoperineal do reto mais colostomia perineal e a discussão dos resultados obtidos na avaliação clínica e histopatológica. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: O modelo experimental desta pesquisa foi desenvolvido no cólon de cães. Foram operados 65 animais, dos quais 10 constituíram o grupo-piloto, 15 o grupo-controle e os 40 demais foram separados em três grupos. O grupo 1 para observação de 10 dias; o grupo 2 em pós-operatório de 20 dias; e o grupo 3 de 30 dias. Os cães foram submetidos a amputação abdominoperineal parcial do reto com colostomia perineal associada à seromiotomia circunferencial, extramucosa em cólon esquerdo (exceto nos dos grupos-controle). RESULTADOS: Através de acompanhamento e estudo post-mortem, foi possível verificar fezes sólidas a montante das válvulas, evidenciando-se o eficiente mecanismo frenador das mesmas. A análise histológica das válvulas mostrou neoproliferação conjuntiva com fibrose em toda a área seccionada da serosa e das camadas musculares, separando-as. Evidenciou-se um anel fibroso com diminuição do lúmen intestinal, em resposta à cicatrização da serosa e muscular invertidas pela sutura, levando à formação da "válvula artificial". O processo inflamatório fibrosante reparativo ocorreu em todas as válvulas, associado a reações do tipo corpo estranho e à estenose parcial do lúmen intestinal. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a seromiotomia circunferencial produz um anel fibroso que facilita a estase fecal em colo esquerdo.

BACKGROUND: Throughout time, perineal colostomy in abdominoperineal resection, as a way to avoid abdominal colostomy, was studied. Perineal colostomy associated with a slowing down mechanism for stool transit has been studied for many years with satisfactory results. AIM: The investigation of a colic valvoplasty in dogs which have undergone an abdominoperineal resection plus perineal colostomy, and the discussion of the results achieved in clinic and histopathologic analysis are the objective of this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experimental model of this research studied the colon of dogs. Sixty five animals were operated and divided in five groups: 10 animals in the pilot group, 15 animals in control group and 40 animals in 3 other groups of observation with 10, 20 and 30 days of postoperative care. The dogs underwent a rectal partial abdominoperineal resection with perineal colostomy associated to a circumferential extramucosal seromiotomy of the left colon (except in the control group). RESULTS: Through postoperative and post-mortem observation it was possible to verify solid stool before the valves showing the efficiency of the mechanism in slowing it down. The histological analysis of the valves showed connective growth with fibrosis in the whole incised serous and muscular layers, separating them. A fibrous ring diminished the colon lumen in response to the artificial valve created by the scar that appeared in the inverted suture of the serous and muscular layers. The inflammatory fibrous repair process occurred in all valves, associated to foreign body type reactions and to partial stricture of the colon lumen. CONCLUSION: The circumferential seromiotomy produces a fibrous ring that provides stool retention on the descending colon.

The surgical viability and radiological monitoring of brain implants of bioactive micro-seeds in an animal model

The interstitial implant is a therapeutic modality in brachytherapy of the head and neck. Presently, the seeds implanted in tumors in the central nervous system are metallic I-125. After the full emission of the radionuclide, the seed remains inert in the implanted area. Bioactive ceramic seeds have been prepared for this research group incorporating Sm-152 to be active in Sm-153. The main goal of the present study is the development of a the surgical technique for implanting the biodegradable radioactive micro-seeds in the brains of rabbits, as well as the observation of the clinical reactions of the animal after implantation of two sets of three seeds. The surgical procedure consisted of performing two separate perforations 10 mm from each other in the skull, permitting the implantation of two groups of three seeds, totaling six seeds. The results of the pilot study showed the effectiveness of the surgical procedure and of the biocompatibility of the seeds and the lack of presence of adverse reactions, functional sequels, or inflammation in a follow up 50 days post-surgery. Such seeds of reduced volume, 0.2 x 1.6 mm, could be monitored by computerized tomography 30 days after implanting.

Os implantes intersticiais podem ser utilizados em braquiterapia de cabeça e pescoço. Atualmente as sementes implantadas no CNS são de I-125 metálicas. Após o decaimento do radioisótopo, a semente fica inerte na região implantada. Sementes cerâmicas bioativas tem sido preparadas pelo grupo de pesquisa incorporando Sm-152. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de viabilizar a técnica cirúrgica de implantes de microsementes biodegradáveis não radioativas no cérebro de coelhos, bem como verificar as reações clínicas e funcionais do animal ao corpo estranho implantado. O procedimento cirúrgico compreendeu em proceder duas perfurações separadas em 10mm na calota craniana onde foi possível a implantação de dois conjuntos de três sementes, totalizando seis sementes. Os resultados do estudo piloto evidenciam a eficácia do procedimento cirúrgico e do material implantado, já que não foram encontradas reações adversas, seqüelas funcionais, ou resposta inflamatória durante 30 dias pós-cirurgia. Tais sementes de reduzido volume, 0.2x1.6mm, puderam ser monitoradas por tomografia computadorizada.

Contribuição à anatomia arterial do cólon sigmóide aplicável a operações de abaixamento / Contribution to arterial anatomy of the sigmoid colon useful for colon lowering down techniques

RACIONAL: A vascularização do sigmóide apresenta variações que podem ser importantes no uso daquele segmento nas operações de intestino grosso. OBJETIVOS: Realizou-se investigação anatômica da vascularização arterial do colón sigmóide para se obter um parâmetro que possa ser aplicado a raciocínio tático nas operações de abaixamento do cólon sigmóide ao períneo, após a ressecção alargada do reto-ânus e seus esfíncteres na neoplasia maligna retoanal. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Analisou-se o mesocólon sigmóide de 33 cadáveres formolizados, 22 do sexo masculino e 11 do feminino, através de dissecções destes com os intestinos in situ. Para isso, cateterizou-se a artéria mesentérica inferior, sendo esta contrastada com solução de aguarrás, thinner, látex de cor vermelha e policloreto de vinil. RESULTADOS: A artéria mesentérica inferior originou-se, na maioria dos casos, na face anterior esquerda da aorta abdominal, a uma distância média de 4,3 cm do seu ângulo inferior de bifurcação; a artéria cólica esquerda, em 25 cadáveres, originou-se diretamente da artéria mesentérica inferior. O número de artérias sigmóideas variou de um a cinco. Verificou-se um plano arterial principal que iniciaria na ligadura da artéria mesentérica inferior, abaixo da origem da artéria cólica esquerda, sendo o sigmóide abaixado ao períneo. CONCLUSAO: O conhecimento da vascularização do colón sigmóide e sua observação no transoperatório poderiam orientar a tática e técnica cirúrgica na operação de abaixamento cólico ao períneo e colostomia perineal.