RoPE Score as a Predictor of Recurrent Ischemic Events After Percutaneous Patent Foramen Ovale Closure.

The benefits of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure for cryptogenic stroke secondary prevention are still debated. The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) study developed a score to improve patient selection for this procedure. We proposed to assess the validity of this score to assess the prognostic impact of PFO closure.From 2000 to 2014, all consecutive patients submitted to PFO closure were included in a prospective registry in a university center. The primary endpoint was recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular events and the secondary endpoints were all-cause, neurological, and cardiac mortality rates and new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) rates. In total, 403 patients were included in the study (women: 52.1%; mean age: 44.7 ± 10.9 years). The mean follow-up period was 6.4 ± 3.7 years. Immediate success was achieved in 97% patients. There were 23 (5.8%) ischemic cerebrovascular events, 8 (2.0%) deaths, and 17 (4.3%) NOAFs. The mean RoPE score was 6.10 ± 1.79. Smoker status, coronary artery disease, lower RoPE score, and higher left atrial dimensions were predictors of the primary endpoint. However, a lower RoPE score and coronary artery disease remained independent predictors in multivariate analysis.RoPE score was shown to be an independent predictor of recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular events, and a score of ≤ 6 was shown to identify patients with significantly higher risk of mortality and recurrent ischemic events.

Mensuração e características da dor perineal em primíparas submetidas à episiotomia / Mensuración y características del dolor perineal en primíparas sometidas a la episiotomí / Measurement and characteristics of perineal pain in primiparous undergoing episiotomy

OBJETIVO: Mensurar e caracterizar a percepção dolorosa das puérperas primíparas submetidas à episiotomia. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 40 puérperas primíparas submetidas ao parto normal com episiotomia. Para mensuração da dor foi utilizada a escala de categoria numérica e para caracterização a versão brasileira do questionário McGill - Br-MPQ. RESULTADOS: Os valores encontrados na avaliação da dor foram de média 4,2 e os descritores que melhor caracterizaram a dor foram: dolorida; que repuxa; incômoda; chata; ardida; pica como uma agulhada; latejante; em pressão. CONCLUSÃO: A intensidade da dor perineal foi considerada como moderada pelas puérperas. Na caracterização da queixa dolorosa os descritores mais citados foram da dimensão sensorial. Este estudo possibilitou observar a necessidade do reconhecimento dos aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos da dor na prática clinica obstétrica.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to characterize and measure perineal pain in puerperal primiparous undergoing episiotomy. METHODS: A descriptive design was conducted in 40 puerperal primiparous who underwent normal childbirth with episiotomy. Pain was measured with the Brazilian version of the McGill questionnaire (Br-MPQ). RESULTS: Participants had a mean pain level of 4.2, and the words that better characterized perineal pain were: sore; hurting, discomfort, annoying, burning, stinging, throbbing, and pressing. CONCLUSION: The intensity of perineal pain was reported to be moderate. The pain characteristics most reported consisted of the sensorial dimension. The findings of this study suggest the need for identification of both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of pain in obstetric services.

OBJETIVO: Medir y caracterizar la percepción dolorosa de las puérperas primíparas sometidas a la episiotomía. MÉTODOS: Se trata de una investigación descriptiva con abordaje cuantitativo, realizada con 40 puérperas primíparas sometidas al parto normal con episiotomía. Para la mensuración del dolor se utilizó la escala de categoría numérica y para la caracterización la versión brasileña del cuestionario McGill - Br-MPQ. RESULTADOS: Los valores encontrados en la evaluación del dolor tuvieron en promedio 4.2 y los descriptores que mejor caracterizaron el dolor fueron: adolorido; que empuja; incómoda; fastidio; que arde; pica como una aguja; palpita; presiona. CONCLUSIÓN: La intensidad del dolor perineal fue considerada como moderada por las puérperas. En la caracterización de la queja dolorosa los descriptores más citados fueron de la dimensión sensorial. Este estudio posibilitó observar la necesidad de reconocimiento de los aspectos cualitativos y cuantitativos del dolor en la práctica clínica obstétrica.