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The antiulcer mechanisms of the dry extract of T. erecta flowers (DETe) were studied here. The acute ulcers induced by acidified ethanol or indomethacin were reproduced in mice pretreated with DETe (3 - 300 mg/kg). The antiulcer activity of DETe was also verified in mice pretreated with NEM, L-NAME, indomethacin, or yohimbine. The antisecretory effect of DETe was verified in rats, and its anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was determined in vitro. DETe (300 mg/kg, p.o) reduced the ethanol- or indomethacin-induced ulcer by 49 and 93%, respectively. The pre-treatment with L-NAME, NEM or yohimbine abolished the gastroprotective effect of DETe. However, DETe did not change the volume, acidity, or peptic activity in rats and did not affect H. pylori. This study expands knowledge about the antiulcerogenic potential of DETe, evidencing the role of nitric oxide, non-protein sulfhydryl groups, α2 adrenergic receptors, and prostaglandins, but not antisecretory or anti-H. pylori properties.
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Extractos Vegetales , Tagetes , Ratas , Ratones , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas Wistar , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacología , Mucosa Gástrica , Indometacina/farmacología , Yohimbina/farmacología , Etanol/farmacología , FloresRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess weight status and eating habits of undergraduate university students in relation to gender and examine the relationships between weight status, physical activity and eating habits. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study conducted between October 2016 and May 2017. SETTING: Young adults in Midwest Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate university students (n 2163) majoring in health care. RESULTS: Among 2163 students, 69·3 % were female, 65·4 % were aged 20-29 years, 66·8% consumed alcohol and 44·2% did not achieve more than 150 min of physical activity per week. We found significant differences in the consumption of beans (P < 0·04) and full-fat milk (P < 0·01) between women and men. Women also had more sedentary lifestyles (P < 0·01) and showed higher prevalence of overweight (33·8 %) and obesity (5·0 %) than men. Students who did not engage in physical activity were more overweight (P = 0·03), consumed more soft drinks (P < 0·01) and meat with excess fat (P = 0·01). There was a positive association between weight status and fruit (P = 0·02), salad (P < 0·01), greens/vegetables (P < 0·01) and beans (P < 0·01) intake. CONCLUSIONS: The low level of physical activity and unhealthy eating patterns reported by the study participants were inconsistent with the national recommendations for a healthy active lifestyle for adults and may contribute to the increasing rate of overweight and obesity in this population. A joint effort between universities and all relevant government agencies is needed to develop and promote school- and community-based interventions.
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Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Obesidad/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Dieta/efectos adversos , Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad/etiología , Sobrepeso/etiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Urbanization and industrialization have contributed to changes in eating patterns, as well as the emergence of sedentary behaviors and reduced physical activity. OBJECTIVES: To identify and describe the prevalence of eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behavior in Brazilian schoolchildren, and to analyze their association with sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: Data from the National Student Health Survey (PeNSE) of 2015 were used. Prevalence rates, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. The analyses were adjusted for age and maternal schooling. RESULTS: The majority of adolescents: consumed beans (65.1%) and snacks (52.3%); had more than three days of physical education at school (50.7%); practiced physical activity out of school for more than three days (55.4%); had a sedentary behavior (73.3%); and, had physical activity during 60min/day for less than four days a week (72.7%). In general, girls were more exposed to unhealthy eating habits and sedentary behavior, and a higher socioeconomic level was associated with higher prevalence of the indicators studied. High consumption of unhealthy foods, increased sedentary behavior and reduction in the practice of physical activity. CONCLUSION: An association of unhealthy attitudes with sociodemographic characteristics was observed among schoolchildren. Strategies that focus on reducing these behaviors will contribute to health promotion actions in the school and family environments.
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Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Alimentaria , Encuestas Epidemiológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Sedentaria , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
ETHOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The propolis is extensively used in folk medicine in natura or to prepare pharmaceutical formulations since ancient time to improve health or prevent diseases, among them gastrointestinal disorders. Aiming to contribute in the scientific validation about the popular use of Brazilian Green propolis (BGP) against gastritis and gastric ulcer, this work evaluated the antiulcer potential of isolated compounds from BGP, three prenylated p-coumaric acid derivatives and two flavonoids, respectively named: 3,5 diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (artepillin C) (1), 3-prenyl-4-dihydroxycinnamoiloxy cinnamic acid (baccharin) (2), 3-prenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (drupanin) (3), aromadendrin-4'-O-methyl-ether (4) and kaempferide (5). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Their gastroprotective effects were evaluated against ethanol/HCl- and indomethacin-induced ulcer in mice. Further, histological, histochemical, oxidative and inflammatory parameters were analyzed at ulcerated tissue. Acid antisecretory activities also were also assessed. RESULTS: Compound 2 did not reduce the ethanol/HCl- induced ulcer at 30â¯mg/kg (p.o), whereas the minimum oral gastroprotective doses of 1, 3, 4 and 5 were 0.3, 0.3, 3 and 3â¯mg/kg, respectively. Besides, these compounds prevented ethanol/HCl-induced ulcer by intraperitoneal route, as well as indomethacin-induced ulcer by oral route. The gastroprotection was accompanied by normalization of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities and reduction in myeloperoxidase activity. Moreover, the compounds 4 and 5 increased the gastric mucin content and 1 reduced TNF amount. Furthermore, 1, 3, 4 and 5 decreased volume, pH, total acidity and pepsin activity of the gastric juice from rats. CONCLUSIONS: Together, our findings showed a diversified mode of action elicited by 1, 3, 4 and 5 on the gastroprotection and contribute to explain the anti-ulcer activity reported for BGP.
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Antiulcerosos/uso terapéutico , Própolis/química , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Cinamatos/uso terapéutico , Etanol , Flavonoides/uso terapéutico , Ácido Clorhídrico , Indometacina , Quempferoles/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Ratones , Fenilpropionatos/uso terapéutico , Própolis/uso terapéutico , Úlcera Gástrica/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
RESUMO: Introdução: A urbanização e a industrialização colaboraram para a alteração nos padrões de alimentação, bem como para o surgimento de comportamentos sedentários e a redução da atividade física. Objetivos: Identificar e descrever a prevalência de hábitos alimentares, prática de atividade física e comportamento sedentário em escolares brasileiros e analisar sua associação com as características sociodemográficas. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015. Foram calculadas prevalências, razões de prevalências e intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). As análises foram ajustadas para idade escolaridade materna. Resultados: A maioria consumia feijão (65,1%) e guloseimas (52,3%), teve mais de três dias de aula de Educação Física escolar (50,7%), realizava atividade física fora da escola por mais de três dias (55,4%), tinha comportamento sedentário (73,3%) e realizava atividade física durante 60 min/dia por menos de quatro dias na semana (72,7%). Em geral, as meninas estavam mais expostas a práticas alimentares não desejáveis e ao comportamento sedentário, e o melhor nível socioeconômico associou-se a maiores prevalências dos indicadores estudados. Elevado consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, aumento do comportamento sedentário e redução na prática de atividade física. Conclusão: Observou-se associação de atitudes não saudáveis com características sociodemográficas entre os escolares. Estratégias que foquem na redução desses comportamentos irão contribuir para ações de promoção da saúde nos ambientes escolar e familiar.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Urbanization and industrialization have contributed to changes in eating patterns, as well as the emergence of sedentary behaviors and reduced physical activity. Objectives: To identify and describe the prevalence of eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behavior in Brazilian schoolchildren, and to analyze their association with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Data from the National Student Health Survey (PeNSE) of 2015 were used. Prevalence rates, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. The analyses were adjusted for age and maternal schooling. Results: The majority of adolescents: consumed beans (65.1%) and snacks (52.3%); had more than three days of physical education at school (50.7%); practiced physical activity out of school for more than three days (55.4%); had a sedentary behavior (73.3%); and, had physical activity during 60min/day for less than four days a week (72.7%). In general, girls were more exposed to unhealthy eating habits and sedentary behavior, and a higher socioeconomic level was associated with higher prevalence of the indicators studied. High consumption of unhealthy foods, increased sedentary behavior and reduction in the practice of physical activity. Conclusion: An association of unhealthy attitudes with sociodemographic characteristics was observed among schoolchildren. Strategies that focus on reducing these behaviors will contribute to health promotion actions in the school and family environments.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Ejercicio Físico , Encuestas Epidemiológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Alimentaria , Conducta Sedentaria , Factores Socioeconómicos , Brasil , Modelos Logísticos , Factores Sexuales , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por SexoRESUMEN
Abstract Studies carried out in Brazil have demonstrated that the lifestyle profile of university students presents worrying deficiencies in respect to physical activity and eating habits. The aim was to evaluate the dietary habit and physical activity profile of physical education students and investigate the association between nutritional status, physical activity and eating habits. A cross-sectional design with 903 Physical Education students. All the questions were extracted from the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases (Vigitel). The women were found to be more sedentary (p<0.01) and showed a higher prevalence of obesity. Those who did not practice physical activity had a high prevalence of having a chronic disease. The men had a more adequate diet and physical activity profile. Studies that focus on promoting healthy habits should be inserted early in the universities.
Resumo Estudos realizados no Brasil demonstraram que o perfil de estilo de vida de universitários apresentam deficiências preocupantes em relação à atividade física e hábitos alimentares. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os hábitos alimentares e o perfil de atividade física dos estudantes de Educação Física e investigar a associação entre o estado nutricional, atividade física e hábitos alimentares. Estudo transversal com 903 estudantes de Educação Física. Todas as questões foram retiradas do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para as Doenças Crônicas (Vigitel). As mulheres eram mais sedentárias (p<0,01) e apresentaram maior prevalência de obesidade. Aqueles que não praticavam atividade física tinham alta prevalência de sofrer uma doença crônica. Os homens tinham uma dieta e um perfil de atividade física mais adequado Estudos voltados à promoção de hábitos saudáveis devem ser inseridos nas universidades.
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Humanos , Estado Nutricional , Conducta Alimentaria , Actividad Motora , Universidades , Estilo de VidaRESUMEN
Introdução: Os baixos níveis de atividade fisica estão relacionados com o aumento da ocorrência de doenças crônicas. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência dos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e associar esses comportamentos com a inatividade física de professores universitários de uma instituição privada na cidade de Brasília, DF, Brasil. Métodos: Participaram 285 professores universitários de uma instituição particular. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário autoaplicável e o nível de atividade física foi avaliado pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Resultados: A prevalência de baixos níveis de atividade física foi de 61,4%, onde os professores fisicamente inativos tinham menor consumo de frutas/ verduras/legumes (RP:2,47;IC95%:1,28-3,18) e consumo excessivo de carne com gordura (RP:2,15;IC95%1,42-2,97), refrigerante (RP:2,02;IC95%:1,69-2,75) e álcool (RP:1,98;IC95%:1,22-2,86). Conclusão: Os professores apresentaram elevada prevalência de comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas e a maioria deles foi classificada como insuficientemente ativos. Assim, sugere-se politicas públicas dentro da universidade para prevenção de doenças e melhora da qualidade de vida.
Introduction: Low levels of physical activity are related to the increase in the occurrence of chronic diseases. Objectives: To verify the prevalence of risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases; and to associate these behaviors with the physical inactivity of university professors of a private institution in the city of Brasília, DF, Brazil. Methods: The study involved 285 university professors from a private institution. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and the level of physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of low levels of physical activity was 61.4%. Physically inactive teachers showed lower consumption of fruit/vegetable/greens (RP: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.28-3.18), and excessive consumption of fat meat: 2.15; 95% CI 1.42-2.97), soft drinks (RP: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.69-2.75) and alcohol (RP: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.22-2.86). Conclusion: Teachers presented high prevalence of risk behaviors for chronic diseases and most of them were classified as insufficiently active. Thus, public policies are recommended, aiming at disease prevention and improvement of the quality of life within the university.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Asunción de Riesgos , Conducta Sedentaria , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
OBJETIVOS: O estudo objetivou avaliar o consumo de álcool e de outras drogas por estudantes de Enfermagem e investigar a relação entre esse consumo e o bem-estar espiritual e as características sociodemográficas/religiosas dos estudantes. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, observacional e seccional, realizado com 100 graduandos do curso de Enfermagem de uma universidade do sul de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados foi realizada no segundo semestre de 2011 e utilizou um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Bem-estar Espiritual e o Teste de Triagem do Envolvimento com Álcool, Tabaco e outras Substâncias. O tratamento estatístico dos dados foi realizado utilizando-se a análise univariada, por meio do teste qui-quadrado e análise múltipla, por meio da regressão logística dicotômica. RESULTADOS: O álcool demonstrou ser a substância mais utilizada pelos estudantes (84%), o que, por sua vez, apresentou relação significativa com a espiritualidade deles, visto que possuir bem-estar espiritual negativo (OR: 3,325; IC95%: 1,059-10,441) e não ter prática religiosa frequente (OR: 3,392; IC95%: 1,064-10,811) aumenta as chances de consumo abusivo dessa substância. CONCLUSÃO: Iniciativas preventivas ao consumo de drogas psicoativas, vinculadas à prática de atividades espirituais, podem ser utilizadas como estratégias para a promoção de hábitos saudáveis e para a manutenção da saúde e também como recurso na formação profissional de estudantes de Enfermagem.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the use of alcohol and other drugs by nursing students and to investigate the relationship between this consumption, and the spiritual well-being and sociodemographic characteristics/religious students. METHODS: This was an exploratory study of type epidemiological and cross-sectional, conducted with 100 graduating students of nursing at a university in southern Minas Gerais. The data collection was conducted in the second half of 2011 using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Scale and Spiritual Well-being, Screening Test of Involvement with Alcohol, Tobacco and other Substances. The statistical treatment of the data was performed using univariated analysis, through chi square test and multiple analyses, by logistic dichotomic regression. RESULTS: Alcohol proved to be the most commonly used substance among students (84%), which in turn, showed a significant relationship with the spirituality of the same, seen that owning spiritual welfare negative (OR: 3,325; IC95%: 1,059-10,441) and having no religious frequent practice (OR: 3,392; IC95%: 1,064-10,811) increase the chances of abuse of this substance. CONCLUSION: Preventive initiatives to the consumption of psychoactive drugs linked to the practice of spiritual activities can be used as strategies to promote healthy habits and health maintenance, and also as a resource in the training of nursing students.
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Nas últimas décadas, estudos que tratam sobre o crescimento dapopulação idosa no Brasil enfatizam o seu crescimento explosivo e assuas consequências. Tal fenômeno vem gerando interesse nas políticaspúblicas no Brasil particularmente nas questões que envolvem aqualidade de vida na terceira idade. O instrumento WHOQOL paraavaliar a Qualidade de Vida (QV) pode contribuir para investigaras condições que permitem uma boa qualidade de vida na velhice,possibilitando a criação de alternativas de intervenção visando o bemestar dos idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade devida dos idosos e realizar intervenções fisioterapêuticas. A pesquisafoi realizada com 221 idosos residentes da cidade de Criciúma nosBairros Mineira Velha, Vila Zuleima e Milanese onde o PET-Saúde(Projeto de Educação pelo Trabalho na Saúde) atua. Inicialmentefoi realizado o levantamento do número de idosos residentes e apósfoi dado início a pesquisa com a realização das visitas domiciliarespara a aplicação do instrumento de pesquisa e do questionárioWHOQOL-Bref. Neste momento, os idosos receberam um convitepara participarem das intervenções fisioterapêuticas voltadas para asaúde do idoso que seriam realizadas no ginásio de esportes ou nosalão comunitário de cada bairro. O período de intervenções foientre outubro e dezembro de 2010, sendo realizadas duas vezes porsemana totalizando 10 semanas de atividades. Foi possível analisaratravés da utilização do questionário WHOQOL-Bref que estesidosos estão apresentando uma qualidade de vida média devido aosresultados encontrados. Avaliar a qualidade de vida é uma alternativapara averiguar os diferentes aspectos da vida dos idosos. As práticasfisioterapêuticas foram um momento em que os mesmos tiveram aoportunidade de vicenciar alternativas para a melhoria da qualidadede vida e bem estar psicossocial...
In recent decades, studies focusing on the growth of the elderlypopulation in Brazil have emphasized its explosive growth and itsconsequences. This phenomenon has generated interest in publicpolicies in Brazil, particularly in issues concerning quality of lifein old age. The WHOQOL instrument for assessing quality of life(QOL) can help to investigate the conditions of a good quality oflife in old age, and the development of alternative solutions forthe well-being of the elderly. The aim of the present study was toevaluate the quality of life of the elderly and to conduct physicaltherapy interventions. Were observed 221 senior citizens of the cityof Criciúma, Brazil, in the neighborhoods of Mineira Velha, VilaZuleima, and Milanese, where the PET-Saúde program (EducationalProject for Work in Health) was implemented. An initial researchcollected data on the number of senior residents in that area. Then,the survey began by visiting every home where the seniors lived toadminister the research instrument and WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire.At this point, the elderly were invited to take part in physicaltherapy activities specifically design for the elderly at either the sportsgym or the community hall of each neighborhood. The activitieswere developed twice a week between October and December 2010over 10 weeks. The results obtained with the application of theWHOQOL-Bref reveal that the elderly present an average qualityof life. To assess the quality of life is an alternative to investigate thedifferent aspects of life of the elderly. The physical therapy activitiesprovided an opportunity for the elderly to experience alternatives ofimproving their quality of life and psychosocial well-being...