Epidemiology of tongue squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological profile and the specific survival of patients diagnosed with tongue squamous cell carcinoma at the National Cancer Institute (INCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hospital Cancer Registry System Data and Mortality Information from 2007 to 2009 were retrieved in a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Specific survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The association between independent variables and the risk of death was explored in a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: A total of 346 patients were eligible, mostly male (77.5%), smokers (87.6%), with alcohol consumption (80.9%), with low education (65.6%), advanced staging at the time of diagnosis (71.1%), and presenting a high mortality rate (72.5%). In total, 44.5% of patients underwent a surgical approach alone or associated with another treatment modality, of which 85.1% of patients underwent neck dissection and 90.1% had free surgical margins. Specific survival was 40.6% in two years and 31.2% in five years. CONCLUSION: The 5-year specific survival was considered worse in individuals over 60 years, and who did not undergo surgical treatment or had surgery associated with another treatment, compared to patients undergoing isolated surgery.

Oral health condition in cancer patients under bisphosphonate therapy.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of oral health condition with the occurrence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in a cancer population. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted with cancer patients exposed to bisphosphonates for at least 7 months. Dental and periodontal conditions were assessed by epidemiological indices. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 80 patients under bisphosphonate therapy, nine of which were allocated to group 1 (with MRONJ) and 71 to group 2 (without MRONJ). Osteonecrosis cases presented 19 decayed, missing, and filled teeth on average. Moderate gingival inflammation was noted in both groups and together with severe inflammation exceeded 50% of the groups. The presence of dental calculus was detected in about half of the individuals in both groups. Shallow periodontal pockets were detected in about 25% of both groups. Deep periodontal pockets were more prevalent among patients with osteonecrosis. Regular oral hygiene was detected in approximately 25% of individuals in both groups. There was a strong positive correlation between the clinical staging of osteonecrosis and decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFTI). CONCLUSIONS: Patients had a poor oral health condition. All but one osteonecrosis case had no previous history of tooth extraction; oral infections seemed to play a major role in the development of bone necrosis. Advanced osteonecrosis stages were associated with a higher DMFTI.

Required time for pre-oncological dental management - A rapid review of the literature.

This study identified the scientific literature comparing the influence of different times in which dental procedures were performed before the oncological treatments (radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) on the risk of oral complications development. MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases were searched, and articles were selected by title, abstract and full-text assessment. The search identified 2,356 articles and three retrospective observational studies were included. Data were collected and analyzed according to the dental procedure, the time before oncological treatment, and oral complications. Risk of bias (ROBINS) and certainty of evidence (GRADE) were evaluated. Pairwise meta-analyses were performed from dental extractions (Exo) data according to the time which were performed and ORN development using a random-effect model (RR and 95 % CI, p < 0.05). meta-analyses showed a higher risk of ORN development in patients with Exo performed < 2 weeks before oncological treatment than in those who Exo was performed > 2 weeks ≤ 1 month before oncological therapy (RR 1.29; 95 % CI 1.12-1.48; p < 0.01). There was a higher prevalence of oral mucositis (OM) in patients who received periodontal treatment ≤ 3 weeks before oncological therapy than those who received dental procedures > 3 weeks ≤ 6 months before. Although the risk of bias ranged from serious to critical, with very low certainty of evidence, the findings suggest that dental extractions should be performed within > 2 weeks before oncological treatment to avoid ORN complications. More studies are needed to conclude the appropriate time to perform dental procedures to decrease other associated oral complications. (CRD42021272652).

Cancer clinical trials in Brazil: Limitations and possibilities for health innovation.

BACKGROUND: Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with great potential for the development of clinical studies across the whole territory to tackle the needs of the population. It is therefore important to obtain the national profile of clinical trials in order to identify local strengths and weaknesses in terms of productivity and study application. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the profiles of clinical studies on cancer developed and sponsored by hospitals, institutes, universities and international institutions in Brazil between 1997 and 2015. METHODS: This is a retrospective and analytical study in which the content analysis method of Laurence Bardin was used. Data were collected from the clinicaltrials.govdatabase, where 783 clinical studies on cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment were found; 188 (24 %) of these corresponded to national initiatives and 595 (76 %) to international initiatives. RESULTS: The results show an increase in the number of national clinical studies, in particular phase III studies. There is a clear absence of national clinical studies focusing on the development of new chemical and biotechnological products in oncology. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a regional imbalance in the distribution of national and international clinical trials. POLICY SUMMARY: The present study aims to improve understanding of the profile of clinical studies registered in Brazil and to draw attention to the improvements needed in the health sector's productivity to address the national demand.