[Antibiotic consumption in primary care in the adult population of Asturias during 2014-2020 period]. / Consumo de antibióticos en atención primaria en población adulta de Asturias durante el periodo 2014-2020.

Trend study of the consumption of systemic antibiotics in the adult population in of Primary Care of the Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA) during the period 2014̶2020. Retrospective observational study. SESPA, Primary Care. Population from the Individual Health Card database. Data were collected on the prescription of antibiotics, carried out in the family medicine consultations, dispensed in the pharmacy offices with charge of SESPA. Antibiotic use and consumption variables were analyzed using linear regression models. Prevalence of antibiotic use (population percentage); consumption rate of systemic antibiotics (DTD), relative consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics (percentage DDD). The average prevalence of the use of antibiotics for the 2014̶2019 period was 32.2% and 23.9% in 2020. The rate of consumption of systemic antibiotics decreased from 21.4 DTD in 2014 to 12.7 DTD in 2020. The consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics remained stable (19.4% DDD in 2014 and 19.3% DDD in 2020) (CI95: -0.10, 0.26). In the period from March to December 2020, the consumption of antibiotics decreased by 28.6% compared to the same period in 2019. In 2014̶2020, the consumption of antibiotics decreased, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, with stabilization of the consumption of narrow-spectrum antibiotics compared to the total. There is variability in consumption by therapeutic subgroups.

Use of antibiotics in Paediatric Primary Health Care before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: Consumption of antibiotics is high in Spain, primarily in children. Excessive use of then contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of our study is to analyse the evolution of antibiotic consumption at the Primary Health Care in the paediatric population of Asturias, Spain, from 2014 to 2021, and to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on it. METHODS: Retrospective and observational study using data about antibacterial agents for systemic use dispensed for official prescriptions to children under 14 years in Primary Care. Antibiotic consumption is expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). RESULTS: The antibiotic consumption rate dropped from 13.9 DID in 2014 to 4.0 in 2021 (ß=-1,42, p=0,002), with and inflection point in 2019. From 2019 to 2020 antibiotic use dropped by 47.1%. Antibiotic consumption remained very low from April 2020 to September 2021, and then moderately increased from October 2021. Prevalence of antibiotic use dropped from 39.9% in 2014 to 17.5% in 2021 (ß=-3,64, p=0,006). Relative consumption of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreased, while those of amoxiciline and third-generation cephalosporins increased. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric antibiotic consumption collapsed in Asturias in 2020, coinciding with COVID-19 pandemic. Monitoring of antimicrobial usage indicators will allow to check if these changes are sustained over time.

Impact of a Nurse Intervention to Improve Sleep Quality in Intensive Care Units: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients of adult intensive care units (ICUs) often suffer from a lack of sleep. Reducing anxiety by promoting adaptation to the ICU prior to admission may be an appropriate way to increase sleep quality. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on sleep quality of a brief nurse intervention. METHODS: This was a pilot randomized controlled trial in Spain. Forty patients admitted in hospital for valve cardiac surgery were randomly allocated to (1) control group (n = 20), receiving usual care, and to (2) experimental group (EG, n = 20), receiving a nurse intervention the day before surgery and admission in the ICU. The intervention was based on Roy Adaptation Model. A trained nurse anticipated the stressful stimulus to patients in order to develop functional adaptive behaviors. A set of photographs and videos was used to illustrate the environment and assistance in the ICU. Sleep quality in the ICU was measured with the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and usual sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS: After the intervention, sleep quality was lower in the EG compared with the control group (-4 points in Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, P = .69). Adjustment for main confounders led this reduction to -1.9 points (P = .87) among patients in EG. Stratified analyses shown a positive impact for people who usually slept well (+5.2 points, P = .77), but negative for those who had previous poor sleep quality (-20.0 points, P = .24). CONCLUSION: A nurse intervention prior to ICU admission did not increase patients' sleep quality. In addition, the intervention could have incremented anxiety over the patients who used to sleep poorly at their homes.

[Risk of ventriculitis associated to the care of the ventricular drain in neurocritical patients]. / Riesgo de ventriculitis asociado a cuidados del drenaje ventricular externo en pacientes neurocriticos.

AIM: To analyze the risk of ventriculitis associated to the care of the external ventricular drain. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Case-control study among a sample of neurocritical patients of the University Hospital of Asturias (Spain) who carried a ventricular catheter (n = 127; 49 cases and 78 controls). Main outcome was the diagnosis of ventriculitus, according to established criteria. Independent variables were related to the catheter management, including nursing cares of the insertion point, administration of intrathecal medication, flushes, changes and mobilization of the catheter. Other variables (age, sex, APACHE score, admission diagnosis, comorbidity, antibiotics, time to insertion and permanence time of the drain) were studied as covariates. RESULTS: Nursing catheter cares (OR 3.8; 95% CI: 1.1-13.9) and administration of intrathecal medication (OR: 7.1; 95% CI: 2.1-23.6) were significantly associated with ventriculitis. After adjustment by the number of days at risk, the effect of nursing cares disappeared (OR 1.4; 95% CI: 0.3-6.6). CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal medication and nursing cares seem to be associated with ventriculitis. The administration of medication by the ventricular drain really reflects that the physicians suspect ventriculitis before the diagnosis is confirmed and, therefore, they prescribe this medication. However, as the duration of drain increases the frequency of nursing cares, it seems prudent to recommend not lengthen the permanence of the ventricular drain and to improve the training of nurses.

TITLE: Riesgo de ventriculitis asociado a cuidados del drenaje ventricular externo en pacientes neurocriticos.Objetivo. Analizar el riesgo de ventriculitis asociada a los cuidados del drenaje ventricular externo. Sujetos y metodos. Estudio de casos y controles en una muestra de pacientes neurocriticos del Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (España) portadores de drenaje ventricular externo (n = 127; 49 casos y 78 controles). Se consideraron casos (variable dependiente) los pacientes con diagnostico medico de ventriculitis siguiendo criterios establecidos. Las variables independientes fueron los cuidados del drenaje ventricular, como curas de la zona de insercion, administracion de medicacion intratecal, lavados, movilizacion y recambio del drenaje. Se controlo el efecto de variables confusoras: edad, sexo, escala APACHE y diagnostico en el momento del ingreso, comorbilidad, antibioterapia, tiempo hasta la colocacion del drenaje ventricular externo y tiempo de permanencia. Resultados. Las curas del drenaje (odds ratio: 3,8; intervalo de confianza al 95%, IC 95%: 1,1-13,9) y la administracion de medicacion intratecal (odds ratio: 7,1; IC 95%: 2,1-23,6) se asociaron significativamente con la ventriculitis. Cuando se ajusta adicionalmente por el tiempo de permanencia del cateter, el efecto de las curas (odds ratio: 1,4; IC 95%: 0,3-6,6) pierde importancia porque ambas variables estan muy relacionadas. Conclusiones. La medicacion intratecal y las curas parecen asociarse con ventriculitis. La administracion de medicacion por el drenaje realmente refleja que el medico sospecha la ventriculitis antes de su diagnostico y, por esta razon, la prescribe. Sin embargo, como la duracion del drenaje aumenta la frecuencia de curas, parece prudente recomendar no alargar el tiempo de drenaje y mejorar la capacitacion de los profesionales de enfermeria para realizar curas.