RESUMEN
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common solid tumor among pediatric patients and corresponds to 20 % of all pediatric intracranial tumors in this age group. Its treatment currently involves significant side effects. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation may contribute to its development and progression. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors have shown promising anticancer effects. The agent Zebularine acts as an inhibitor of DNA methylation and shows low toxicity and high efficacy, being a promising adjuvant agent for anti-cancer chemotherapy. Several studies have reported its effects on different types of tumors; however, there are no studies reporting its effects on MB. We analyzed its potential anticancer effects in four pediatric MB cell lines. The treatment inhibited proliferation and clonogenicity, increased the apoptosis rate and the number of cells in the S phase (p < 0.05), as well as the expression of p53, p21, and Bax, and decreased cyclin A, Survivin and Bcl-2 proteins. In addition, the combination of zebularine with the chemotherapeutic agents vincristine and cisplatin resulted in synergism and antagonism, respectively. Zebularine also modulated the activation of the SHH pathway, reducing SMO and GLI1 levels and one of its targets, PTCH1, without changing SUFU levels. A microarray analysis revealed different pathways modulated by the drug, including the Toll-Like Receptor pathway and high levels of the BATF2 gene. The low expression of this gene was associated with a worse prognosis in MB. Taken together, these data suggest that Zebularine may be a potential drug for further in vivo studies of MB treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Factores de Transcripción con Cremalleras de Leucina de Carácter Básico/genética , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Citidina/análogos & derivados , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN/antagonistas & inhibidores , Meduloblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Biomarcadores , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/genética , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/metabolismo , Niño , Preescolar , Cisplatino/farmacología , Citidina/farmacología , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN/metabolismo , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Meduloblastoma/genética , Meduloblastoma/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Pronóstico , Vincristina/farmacología , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Astrocitoma/genética , Astrocitoma/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Metilación de ADN/genética , Exoma/genética , Oftalmopatías/genética , Oftalmopatías/patología , Lipomatosis/genética , Lipomatosis/patología , Síndromes Neurocutáneos/genética , Síndromes Neurocutáneos/patología , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Duplicación de Gen , Genes ras/genética , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Receptor Tipo 1 de Factor de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/genética , Secuenciación del ExomaRESUMEN
Abstract Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia is a rare cardiomyopathy, with a broad range of clinical presentations. Since this entity was already described in association with osteomuscular diseases, mutation in the Lamin A/C gene has been regarded as a possible cause of this disease. This study describes the case of an asymptomatic teenager with isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia and arthrogriposis but with no mutations in the entire Lamin A/C gene.