A systematic review of qualitative research on the self-management experience of breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: To integrate the qualitative research on the self-management experience of breast cancer patients and conduct a systematic review of their self-management experience. METHODS: Using a computer to search a series of databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and China Biomedical Database, systematically collect and integrate qualitative research on the self-management experience of breast cancer patients, and the search time is limited to January 2010 to December 2022. The qualitative research quality evaluation standard of the Joanna Briggs Institute Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care in Australia was used as the evaluation standard of this project to complete the accurate evaluation of the literature; Meta-analysis was used to complete the effective integration of the results. RESULTS: 17 pieces of literature were included in this project, and 37 research results with strong integrity were extracted accordingly. On this basis, 7 different categories were summarised, and three integrated results were obtained: the experience of maintaining self-management, symptom recognition, and self-management. CONCLUSION: In the different stages of self-management of breast cancer patients, medical staff should give targeted guidance to help patients obtain a good prognosis.

Network pharmacology-based analysis of heat clearing and detoxifying drug JC724 on the treatment of colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs has protective effect on colorectal cancer (CRC). Given the complicated features of Traditional Chinese medicine formulas, network pharmacology is an effective approach for studying the multiple interactions between drugs and diseases. AIM: To systematically explore the anticancer mechanism of heat-clearing and detoxifying drug JC724. METHODS: This study obtained the active compounds and their targets in JC724 from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database. In addition, the CRC targets were obtained from Drugbank, TTD, DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. We performed transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes in CRC treated with JC724. Venn diagram was used to screen the JC724-CRC intersection targets as candidate targets. Core targets were selected by protein-protein interaction network and herb ingredient-target-disease network analysis. The functional and pathway of core targets were analysed by enrichment analysis. RESULTS: We found 174 active ingredients and 283 compound targets from JC724. 940 CRC-related targets were reserved from the four databases and 304 CRC differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome analysis. We constructed the network and found that the five core ingredients were quercetin, ß Beta sitosterol, wogonin, kaempferol and baicalein. The core JC724-CRC targets were CYP1A1, HMOX1, CXCL8, NQO1 and FOSL1. JC724 acts on multiple signaling pathways associated with CRC, including the Nrf2 signaling pathway, oxidative stress, and the IL-17 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: In this study, we systematically analyzed the active ingredients, core targets and main mechanisms of JC724 in the treatment of CRC. This study could bring a new perspective to the heat-clearing and detoxifying therapy of CRC.

[Emission Trends and Reduction Potential of VOCs from Printing Industry in China].

The printing industry has always been the key source of volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions in China. However, owing to the complexity of raw materials and processes, the fine emission inventory and its future emission reduction potential of VOCs from the printing industry have not been well characterized. In this study, the existing VOCs emission factors of the printing industry were improved, considering the neglected semi/intermediate VOCs(S/IVOCs). An emissions inventory of VOCs from the printing industry in the period of 2011-2020 in China was compiled. Through scenario analysis, the emission of VOCs under different scenarios in 2030 was predicted, and the emission reduction potential was analyzed. VOCs emissions from the printing industry in China increased first and then decreased in the period of 2011-2020. Compared with that in 2011, VOCs emissions increased by 29.6% in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 3.0%. This was mainly due to the increasing consumption demand in the printing industry market and the lack of effective measures for integrated management of VOCs. The VOCs emission of the printing industry in China in 2020 was 861 Gg. Gravure printing and packaging processing were the two most important processes, accounting for 52.0% and 28.7%, respectively. Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang were the largest contributors to VOC emissions, accounting for 44.12% of the total emissions. VOCs emissions of the printing industry in 2030 were 1187 Gg, 684 Gg, and 362 Gg for the baseline scenario, the general control scenario, and the strict control scenario, respectively. Compared to that in 2020, emissions under different control scenarios in 2030 increased by 37.9% and decreased by 20.6% and 57.9%, respectively. Gravure printing and packaging processing are still the focus of emission reduction.

Correlations between serum lipid and Ki-67 levels in different breast cancer molecular subcategories.

Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate among all cancer types worldwide, seriously threatening women's health. The present retrospective study explored differences in serum lipid contents in different breast cancer (BC) subcategories and their correlation with Ki-67 expression levels in patients with invasive BC with the aim of identifying novel diagnostic and prognostic indicators for personalized BC treatment. The study included 170 patients diagnosed with BC who were diagnosed with invasive BC by postoperative pathological examination. Data on patient age, body mass index and menopausal status were collected, in addition to estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and antigen Ki-67 expression levels and pathological tumor type. Preoperative circulating lipid levels, specifically the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and apolipoproteins A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB) were also obtained. Molecular subcategories of BC were grouped based on their immunohistochemistry. Differences in serum lipid levels between the groups were assessed, and correlations between serum lipid and Ki-67 expression levels were explored. While TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and ApoA1 levels differed significantly among molecular subcategories. TG and ApoB levels did not. Circulating TC and LDL-C levels were considerably higher in patients with triple-negative BC (TNBC) and HER2-positive [hormone receptor (HR)-negative] BC than in those with luminal A and B (HER2-negative) BC. Serum HDL-C levels were significantly diminished in the TNBC and HER2-positive (HR-negative) groups compared with the luminal A and B (HER2-negative) groups. ApoA1 levels were significantly reduced in cases of TNBC and HER2-positive (HR-negative) BC compared with luminal A and B BC. Ki-67 expression levels were positively correlated with circulating TC and LDL-C levels and inversely correlated with circulating HDL-C and ApoA1 levels but exhibited no correlation with serum ApoB and TG levels. The results indicate that elevated TC and LDL-C levels and diminished HDL-C and ApoA1 levels were high-risk factors in patients with TNBC and HER2-positive (HR-negative) BC, but not patients with luminal subcategories of BC. Abnormal serum lipid levels were correlated with Ki-67 expression levels, with elevated circulating TC and LDL-C levels and reduced circulating HDL-C and ApoA1 levels indicating a poor prognosis in patients with BC.

[Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) Emission Inventory from Domestic Sources in China].

A volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emission source classification and accounting system from domestic sources in China was established for the period between 2010 and 2018. Suggestions for the prevention and treatment of VOCs from domestic sources were developed and proposed. The results showed that the total VOCs emission inventory from domestic sources in China in 2018 was 2518 kt. Architectural decoration, asphalt road paving, cooking, and rural household biomass use source were the four largest contributors, accounting for 69.22% of the total emissions. Chemical household products and urban and rural coal use contributed equally, accounting for 10.43% and 9.98%, respectively, whilst car repair accounted for 7.75%. Shandong, Sichuan, Henan, Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Hebei were the six provinces that contributed the most(36.01%). During the 2010-2018 period, China's domestic VOCs emissions increased at a rate of 0.43%, and after reaching a peak in 2013, the emissions began to decline at a rate of 2.23%. The reason for the decline was that, on the one hand, the cleaner energy consumption of residents made a contribution to the gradual reduction of domestic coal and biomass consumption. On the other hand, the gradual saturation of housing construction in some areas, which led to a decrease in the annual construction of the country. It is recommended to promote the comprehensive management of architectural decoration, cooking methods, and car repair, while paying attention to the VOCs emissions from asphalt road paving. Meanwhile, continue to optimize the energy use structure of domestic sources, and promote the pollution control of civil coal and household biomass combustion in accordance with local regulations and multiple measures.

[Industrial Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emission Inventory in China].

An industrial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission inventory was developed in China in 2018. It was based on the emission factors method, using a revised and updated source classification system and emission factors of key industrial sources. Results showed that the total industrial VOCs emission in China in 2018 reached as high as 12698 kt. Processes using products containing VOCs were the largest contributors, accounting for 59% of the total emission. The industrial coating industry, printing, the basic organic chemical industry, gasoline storage and transport, and the oil refinery industry were the five largest emitters, accounting for 54% of the total emission. Guangdong, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu were the four largest emission contributors, contributing to 41% of the total emission. Hainan, Ningxia, Tibet, Heilongjiang, and Xinjiang showed the largest VOCs emission intensities, with more than 80 t·(100 million yuan)-1. Processes using products containing VOCs were the main emission contributors in most provinces. The uncertainty for the total industrial VOCs emission in 2018, based on a Monte Carlo simulation, was[-32%, 48%] at the 95% confidence interval.

[Emission Inventory and Emission Factors of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Architectural Adhesives].

Architectural decoration is an important anthropogenic emission source of VOCs in China, and there are few studies on the emission of VOCs from architectural adhesives. In this study, the VOCs content level and emission factors of various architectural adhesives were measured and then, a VOC emission inventory of architectural adhesives in China from 2013 to 2017 was established by a top-down emission factor method. Results showed that the comprehensive VOCs emission factor of architectural adhesives was 97.0 kg·t-1, of which 543 kg·t-1 was from solvent-based architectural adhesives, 45 kg·t-1 was from water-based architectural adhesives, and 63 kg·t-1 was from bulk architectural adhesives. The VOCs emissions from architectural adhesives were 165 kt, 181 kt, 188 kt, 201 kt, and 219 kt from 2013 to 2017 in China. The contribution of VOCs emission of various disparate architectural adhesives was 25.5%, 23.6%, and 50.9% for water-based, bulk, and solvent-based types, respectively. Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guangdong, Henan, Yunnan, and Fujian provinces contributed significant amounts, with a total emission of 120 kt in 2017, accounting for nearly 55% of the total VOCs emission for architectural adhesives.

[Raw Materials and End Treatment-based Emission Factors for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Typical Solvent Use Sources].

A database of refined raw materials and end treatment-based VOCs emission factors for typical solvent use sources was developed for the Pearl River Delta. For this, the impact of composition and the content of raw materials, production process, and comprehensive end treatment on the emission of VOCs was analyzed. The solvent use sources included printing, furniture manufacturing, and electronic component and equipment manufacturing. The results showed that the main VOCs in the raw materials used in printing were ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropanol, propanol, and ethanol, which contributed 60%-80% to the total amount of VOCs. Ethyl acetate and butyl acetate were the main oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) from the raw materials used in furniture manufacturing, contributing 45%-65% of the total. The main VOCs from the raw materials used in electronic component and equipment manufacturing were OVOCs such as alcohols, ethers and phenols, BTEX, and halohydrocarbons. The uncontrolled and controlled emission factors for VOCs from printing were 415.2 kg·t-1 and 184.3 kg·t-1, respectively. Of these, solvent-based raw materials accounted for 704.9 kg·t-1 and 200.1 kg·t-1, water-based raw materials accounted for 325.6 kg·t-1 and 230.3 kg·t-1, UV raw materials accounted for 197.0 kg·t-1 and 129.0 kg·t-1, and plant-based raw materials accounted for 89.0 kg·t-1 and 89.0 kg·t-1, respectively. The uncontrolled and controlled emission factors for VOCs from furniture manufacturing were 379.0 kg·t-1 and 290.2 kg·t-1, respectively. Of these, solvent-based raw materials accounted for 603.0 kg·t-1 and 448.5 kg·t-1, water-based raw materials accounted for 80.0 kg·t-1 and 80.0 kg·t-1, and powder raw materials accounted for 230.0 kg·t-1 and 184.0 kg·t-1, respectively. In electronic component and equipment manufacturing, the uncontrolled and controlled emission factors (unit:kg·million-1) for VOCs from AC ceramic capacitors, CC ceramic capacitors, varistors, and aluminum electrolytic capacitors were 59.7 and 40.8, 394.1 and 269.6, 282.4 and 193.2, and 1.2 and 1.0, respectively. The uncontrolled and controlled emission factors for VOCs from the manufacturing of continuous terminals, enameled wire, and printed circuit boards were 56.3 kg·t-1 and 42.8 kg·t-1, 87.2 kg·t-1 and 28.3 kg·t-1, and 26.4 kg·(100 m2)-1 and 11.6 kg·(100 m2)-1, respectively.

[Emission Inventory of Atmospheric Pollutants and VOC Species from Crop Residue Burning in Guangdong Province].

An emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from crop residue burning in Guangdong for the period 2008-2016 was developed, based on crop yield data. Emissions of species of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and corresponding ozone formation potential (OFP) in 2016 were also estimated. Results showed that emissions of atmospheric pollutants from crop residue burning in 2013-2016 were lower than in 2008-2012. This was mainly due to the policy of prohibiting open burning of straw and to improvement of rural living standards, which reduced the proportion of straw burning. In 2016, emissions of SO2, NOx, NH3, CH4, EC, OC, NMVOC, CO, and PM2.5 were 2443.7, 16187.9, 6943.8, 29174.4, 3625.5, 14830.7, 65612.6, 591613.9, and 49463.0 t, respectively. Rice straw burning was the main source of pollutants, accounting for about 68.55% of total pollutant emissions. The five municipalities with highest atmospheric pollutant emissions were Zhanjiang, Maoming, Meizhou, Zhaoqing, and Shaoguan, together accounting for about 58.63% of total emissions. The top 10 VOC species for mass-based emissions consisted of ethylene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, benzene, ethyne, propylene, ethane, toluene, propane, and propionaldehyde, together contributing 67.91% to total emissions. The top ten OFP-based VOC species were ethylene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propylene, 1-butylene, propionaldehyde, toluene, acrolein, isoprene, and crotonaldehyde, accounting for 80.83% of total OFP.

[Reactivity-based Anthropogenic VOCs Emission Inventory in China].

A reactivity-based anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission inventory in China in 2010 was developed on the basis of ozone formation potential (OFP), using the latest VOCs emission inventory, source profiles and maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) values. The results showed that the total anthropogenic OFP was 84187.61 kt in China in 2010, of which 6882.53 kt was from alkanes, 41496.92 kt from alkenes/alkynes, 32945.32 kt from aromatic hydrocarbons, 161.45 kt from halocarbons, and 2701.40 kt from oxygenated organics. The top 10 species in terms of OFP consisted of propene, ethene, m/p-xylene, toluene, 1-butene, o-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, 1,3-butadiene, m-ethyl toluene and ethyl benzene, contributing 63.95% to the total OFP but only 31.84% to the mass-based emission. Industrial sources accounted for the largest (49.29%) of the total OFP, followed by transportation sources (28.31%) and agricultural sources (22.40%). The key industrial sources with high reactivity were architectural decoration industry, oil refinery industry, storage and transport, machinery equipment industry, transport equipment industry and printing. Passenger cars, motorcycles and heavy duty vehicles were the major OFP sources of transportation. The two biomass burning sources were both the key OFP sources of agriculture. Shandong, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Henan were the top five provinces with contributions of 39.65% of the total OFP in China. The reactivity-based emission inventory in this study would be of great significance for the formulation of reactivity-based ozone (O3) control strategies in China.