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Major tailings dam failures have occurred recently around the world and resulted in severe environmental impacts, such as metal contamination. Manganese is a metal highly associated with mining activities, largely detected in mining dam collapses. This metal is considered necessary for different organisms, but it can be toxic and cause oxidative stress and genetic damage in fishes. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of manganese on Astyanax lacustris, by exposing the fish individually to different concentrations of this metal (2.11, 5.00, and 10.43 mg/L) for 96 h. To assess the effects of manganese, we used biochemical biomarkers (glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity) and the manganese bioaccumulation in different tissues (liver and gills). The obtained data showed that only at concentrations of 5.00 mg/L and 10.43 mg/L the activity of glutathione S-transferase differed significantly. Additionally, the acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain tissue was inhibited. The highest level of manganese bioaccumulation was observed in the liver and branchial tissue. Overall, we concluded that high concentrations of manganese may cause physiological changes in Astyanax lacustris.
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INTRODUCTION: There are limited data about the outcomes of nonelective transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Some studies suggest that these patients (pts) have worst results. Our purpose was to compare outcomes in pts submitted to urgent versus elective TAVI. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 298 consecutive pts submitted to TAVI between 2018 and 2021 in a single tertiary center. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were collected and compared between elective and nonelective TAVI. RESULTS: Pts submitted to urgent TAVI (79 pts) had worse baseline characteristics, with higher EuroScore risk (9.26 vs. 5.17%, p < 0.0001), STS score (7.09 vs. 4.4%, p < 0.0001), and NT pro-natriuretic peptide B (10,168 vs. 3,241 pg/mL, p = 0.001), lower left ventricle ejection fraction (45 vs. 52%, p = 0.003), more diabetes (46.8 vs. 32.4%, p = 0.0.22), peripheral artery disease (21.5 vs. 6.8%, p < 0.0001), and poor vascular accesses (18.4 vs. 7.4%, p = 0.007). Urgent TAVI was associated with higher mortality (25.3 vs. 15.1%, p = 0.043), 30-day cardiovascular mortality (17.5 vs. 4%, p = 0.001), life-threatening bleeding (11.5 vs. 4.1%, p = 0.018), vascular complications (11.5 vs. 4.6%, p = 0.031), and longer hospital stay (28 vs. 12 days, p < 0.0001), but not with intensive care unit or post-TAVI hospital stay (5 vs. 4 days, p = 0.197 and 11 vs. 10 days, p = 0.572). When adjusted to differences in baseline characteristics, urgent TAVI was only associated with longer hospital stay (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Pts submitted to urgent TAVI have worse short-term outcomes, but this seems to be attributable to the worse baseline characteristics instead of the urgent nature of the procedure.
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Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Humanos , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Factores de Riesgo , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Risk factors for stroke after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are currently incompletely understood. PURPOSE: To identify possible predictors of early post-TAVI stroke and explore its short-term outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients (pts) submitted to TAVI between 2009 and 2020 in a tertiary center. Baseline characteristics, procedural information and stroke in first 30 days after TAVI were collected. In-hospital and 12 months outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 512pts (56,1% female, mean age of 82 ± 6years.) were included. In the first 30 days after TAVI 19pts (3,7%) had a stroke. In univariate analysis stroke was associated with higher body mass index (29 vs 27kg/m2, p=0.035), higher triglyceridemia (> 117,5mg/dL, p=0,002), lower high-density lipoprotein (< 38,5mg/dL, p=0,009) and porcelain aorta (36,8% vs 15,5%, p=0,014) and more frequent use of post-dilatation (58,8% vs 32%, p=0,021). In multivariate analysis, triglycerides > 117,5mg/dL (p=0,032, OR = 3,751) and post-dilatation (p=0,019, OR = 3,694) were the independent predictors. Stroke after TAVI was associated with longer intensive care unit stay (12 vs 4 days, p<0,001) and post-TAVI hospital stay (25 vs 10 days, p<0,0001), higher intra-hospital mortality (21,1% vs 4,3%, p=0,003), cardiovascular 30-day mortality (15,8% vs 4,1%, p=0,026) and 1-year stroke (13,2% vs 1,1%, p=0,003). CONCLUSION: Periprocedural and 30-day stroke is a relatively uncommon but potentially devastating complication after TAVI. In this cohort, 30-day stroke rate after TAVI was 3.7%. Hypertriglyceridemia and post-dilatation were found to be the only independent risk predictors. Outcomes after stroke, including 30-day mortality, were significantly worse.
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Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Masculino , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/efectos adversos , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Válvula Aórtica/cirugíaRESUMEN
The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of the association between Fe and Mn in Oreochromis niloticus through genotoxic (micronucleus test and comet assay) and biochemical (CAT and GST enzymes) assays. The tested treatments were T1 = control group (without metal addition), T2 = 2.60 mg L-1 of Fe + 0.2 mg L-1 of Mn, and T3 = 4.40 mg L-1 of Fe + 3.49 mg L-1 of Mn, during 96-h bioassays. All animals exposed to the metals showed a significant increase in erythrocyte micronucleus frequency and DNA damage. The hepatic GST activity increased two times in animals exposed to T3 compared to the control group. The results indicate that Fe + Mn caused genotoxic and biochemical changes in exposed fish. Therefore, excess metals in ecosystems, even those essential for organisms, can be dangerous for the local biota due to the risk associated with high concentrations of these metals.
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Cíclidos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Cíclidos/genética , Ensayo Cometa , Daño del ADN , Ecosistema , Hierro/toxicidad , Manganeso/toxicidad , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidadRESUMEN
On November 5, 2015, the Fundão dam collapsed and released > 60 million m3 of iron-rich mining sediments into the Doce river basin, covering >1000 ha of floodplain soils across ~80 km from the rupture. The characterization of alluvial mud covering and/or mixed with native soil is a priority for successful environmental rehabilitation. Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry was used to (1) assess the elemental composition of native soils and alluvial mud across impacted riparian areas; and 2) predict fertility properties of the mud and soils that are crucial for environmental rehabilitation and vegetation establishment (e.g., pH, available macro and micronutrients, cation exchange capacity, organic matter). Native soils and alluvial mud were sampled across impacted areas and analyzed via pXRF and conventional laboratory methods. Random forest (RF) regression was used to predict fertility properties using pXRF data for pooled soil and alluvial mud samples. Mud and native surrounding soils were clearly differentiated based on chemical properties determined via pXRF (mainly SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, and MnO). The pXRF data and RF models successfully predicted pH for pooled samples (R2 = 0.80). Moderate predictions were obtained for soil organic matter (R2 = 0.53) and cation exchange capacity (R2 = 0.54). Considering the extent of impacted area and efforts required for successful environmental rehabilitation, the pXRF spectrometer showed great potential for screening impacted areas. It can assess total elemental composition, differentiate alluvial mud from native soils, and reasonably predict related fertility properties in pooled heterogeneous substrates (native soil + mud + river sediments).
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Desastres , Contaminantes del Suelo , Brasil , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Hierro , Dióxido de Silicio , Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Espectrometría por Rayos XRESUMEN
Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease found in more than 90 countries. The drugs available to treat this disease have nonspecific action and high toxicity. In order to develop novel therapeutic alternatives to fight this ailment, pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) and dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHF-TS) have been targeted, once Leishmania is auxotrophic for folates. Although PTR1 and DHFR-TS from other protozoan parasites have been studied, their homologs in Leishmania chagasi have been poorly characterized. Hence, this work describes the optimal conditions to express the recombinant LcPTR1 and LcDHFR-TS enzymes, as well as balanced assay conditions for screening. Last but not the least, we show that 2,4 diaminopyrimidine derivatives are low-micromolar competitive inhibitors of both enzymes (LcPTR1 Ki = 1.50-2.30 µM and LcDHFR Ki = 0.28-3.00 µM) with poor selectivity index. On the other hand, compound 5 (2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivative) is a selective LcPTR1 inhibitor (Ki = 0.47 µM, selectivity index = 20).
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Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Leishmania infantum/enzimología , Complejos Multienzimáticos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Oxidorreductasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Timidilato Sintasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Catálisis , Cromatografía de Afinidad , Clonación Molecular , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Escherichia coli/genética , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Complejos Multienzimáticos/genética , Complejos Multienzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Complejos Multienzimáticos/metabolismo , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Oxidorreductasas/aislamiento & purificación , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Tetrahidrofolato Deshidrogenasa/genética , Tetrahidrofolato Deshidrogenasa/aislamiento & purificación , Tetrahidrofolato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Timidilato Sintasa/genética , Timidilato Sintasa/aislamiento & purificación , Timidilato Sintasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Abusive water addition to octopus has evidenced the need for quick non-destructive methods for product qualification in the industry and control of fresh commercial products in markets. Electric conductivity (EC)/pH and dielectric property measurements were selected to detect water uptake in octopus. RESULTS: A significant EC decrease was determined after soaking octopus in freshwater for 4 h. EC reflected the water uptake of octopus and the correspondent concentration decrease of available ions in the interstitial fluid. Significant correlations were determined between octopus water uptake, EC (R = -0.940) and moisture/protein (M/P) ratio (R = 0.923) changes. Seasonal and spatial variation in proximate composition did not introduce any uncertainty in EC discrimination of freshwater tampering. Immersion in 5 g L-1 sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) increased EC to a value similar to control octopus. EC false negatives resulting from the use of additives (STPP and citric acid) were eliminated with the additional determination of pH. Octopus soaked in freshwater, STPP and citric acid can also be clearly discriminated from untreated samples (control) and also from frozen (thawed) ones using the dielectric properties. No significant differences in the dielectric property scores were found between octopus sizes or geographical locations. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous EC/pH or dielectric property measurements can be used in a handheld device for non-destructive water addition detection in octopus. M/P ratio can be used as a reference destructive method. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Octopodiformes/metabolismo , Agua/metabolismo , Animales , Conductividad Eléctrica , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Octopodiformes/química , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
Changes in added polyphosphates throughout the processing of dried salted cod in industrial environment were evaluated. As consumers purchase both dried salted cod and desalted cod, domestic and industrial desalting processes were performed. After brining, total phosphates increased to 11.6 and 16.6 g P2O5/kg in cod processed with 3 and 6% of polyphosphates, respectively. During dry-salting, total phosphates decreased in both cases to ca. 5 g P2O5/kg, suggesting that most polyphosphates were drained with the water released. Cod with polyphosphates needed 85 h extra drying time to achieve regulatory moisture levels. After desalting, total phosphates values in dry weight indicate that phosphates were not removed during this processing step. Free phosphates, and in particular triphosphate contents, were higher in cods desalted following domestic procedures, in comparison with industrial desalting. This study demonstrates that the use of polyphosphates is not recommended for the production of Portuguese dried salted cod. These additives prevent water from being removed during the drying process, increasing the costs. Moreover, in contrast to what was assumed, part of polyphosphates is retained in the final product, even after the desalting process.
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Heart failure is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) incidence and prevalence is increasing, and the phenotype associated with obesity is the most frequent. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is directly associated with systemic obesity and several previous studies have shown a clear link between EAT and HFpEF. Moreover, the restriction induced by the pericardium is also linked to HFpEF. In this review we will describe the epidemiological association between the pericardium, EAT and HFpEF, how to quantify EAT, what are the pathophysiological mechanism to explain theses association and how can the pericardium and EAT be a treatment target in patients with HFpEF.
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Tejido Adiposo , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Pericardio , Volumen Sistólico , Humanos , Pericardio/fisiopatología , Pericardio/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Tejido Adiposo/fisiopatología , Volumen Sistólico/fisiología , Tejido Adiposo EpicárdicoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) that remain symptomatic despite optimized medical therapy often undergo alcohol septal ablation (ASA). One of the most frequent complications is complete heart block (CHB), requiring a permanent pacemaker (PPM) in variable rates of up to 20% of patients. The long-term impact of PPM implantation in these patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes in patients who implant PPM after ASA. METHODS: Patients who underwent ASA at a tertiary center were consecutively and prospectively enrolled. Patients with previous PPM or implantable cardio-defibrillator were excluded from this analysis. Patients with and without PPM implantation after ASA were compared based on their baseline characteristics, procedure data and three-year primary endpoint of composite of all-cause mortality and hospitalization and secondary endpoint of composite of all-cause mortality and cardiac cause hospitalization. RESULTS: Between 2009 and 2019, 109 patients underwent ASA, 97 of whom were included in this analysis (68% female, mean age 65.2 years old). 16 patients (16.5%) required PPM implantation for CHB. In these patients, no vascular access, pacemaker pocket or pulmonary parenchyma complications were noted. The baseline characteristics of comorbidities, symptoms, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings were identical in the two groups, with higher mean age (70.6±10.0 years vs. 64.1±11.9 years) and lower beta-blocker therapy rate (56% vs. 84%) in the PPM group. Procedure-related data showed higher creatine kinase (CK) peaks in the PPM group (1692 U/L vs. 1243 U/L), with no significant difference in the alcohol dose. At three years after ASA procedure, there were no differences in the primary and secondary endpoints between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Permanent pacemaker after ASA induced CHB do not affect long term prognosis in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients.
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Técnicas de Ablación , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica , Marcapaso Artificial , Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Masculino , Tabiques Cardíacos/cirugía , Ecocardiografía , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/cirugía , Marcapaso Artificial/efectos adversos , Bloqueo Cardíaco/etiología , Bloqueo Cardíaco/terapia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Técnicas de Ablación/efectos adversos , Técnicas de Ablación/métodosRESUMEN
The emergence and propagation of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial drugs is a serious public health threat worldwide. The current antibacterial arsenal is becoming obsolete and the pace of drug development is decreasing, highlighting the importance of investment in alternative approaches to treat or prevent infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. A significant mechanism of antimicrobial resistance employed by Gram-negative bacteria is the overexpression of efflux pumps that can extrude several compounds from the bacteria, including antimicrobials. The overexpression of efflux pump proteins has been detected in several multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria, drawing attention to these proteins as potential targets against these pathogens. This review will focus on the role of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from efflux pumps as potential vaccine candidates against clinically relevant MDR Gram-negative bacteria, discussing advantages and pitfalls. Additionally, we will explore the relevance of efflux pump OMP diversity and the possible impact of vaccination on microbiota.
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Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation represents a safe and effective procedure to restore sinus rhythm. The idea that post-procedural AF episodes - during the blanking period - are not considered treatment failure has been increasingly challenged. The E-Patch, a single-use adhesive electrode, facilitates extended continuous ECG monitoring for 120 h. This pilot study aims to assess the effectiveness of this ambulatory monitoring device and investigate whether very-early AF recurrence correlates with delayed blanking period ablation outcomes. Methods: We conducted a single-center, prospective, longitudinal study, including consecutive post-ablation patients monitored with the E-patch. The ability of the device to continuously record was analyzed, as well as the occurrence of AF episodes during external 7-day loop-recorder in the 2nd-month post-ablation. Results: We included 40 patients, median age 62 years (IQR 56-70). E-Patch monitoring was obtained for a median of 118 h (IQR 112-120), with no discomfort nor interpretation artefacts. Very-early AF recurrence was detected in 11 (27.5 %) patients, with a median AF burden of 7 % (IQR 6 %-33 %). Late-blanking period AF was detected in 13 (33 %) of the external 7-day loop recordings. Of the 11 patients that had very-early AF recurrence, 10 (91 %) had late-blanking AF. Very-early AF detection showed 77 % (95 % CI 64 %-90 %) sensitivity and 96 % (95 % CI 90-100 %) specificity in predicting late-blanking AF, with a non-parametric ROC curve AUC of 0.903 (95 % 0.797--1.0). Conclusion: The E-Patch was able to detect very-early AF during an extended period. Very-early AF detection emerges as a predictor of AF recurrence during the late blanking period post-ablation.
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INTRODUCTION: In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), up to one third have recurrence after a first catheter ablation (CA). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been considered to be closely related to AF, with a potential role in its recurrence. We aimed to evaluate the association between the volume of EAT measured by cardiac computed tomography (CT) and AF recurrence after CA. METHODS: Consecutive AF patients underwent a standardized cardiac CT protocol for quantification of EAT, thoracic adipose volume (TAV) and left atrium (LA) volume before CA. An appropriate cut-off of EAT was determined and risk recurrence was estimated. RESULTS: 305 patients (63.6 % male, mean age 57.5 years, 28.2 % persistent AF) were followed for 24 months; 23 % had AF recurrence at 2-year mark, which was associated with higher EAT (p = 0.037) and LAV (p < 0.001). Persistent AF was associated with higher EAT volumes (p = 0.010), TAV (p = 0.003) and LA volumes (p < 0.001). EAT was predictive of AF recurrence (p = 0.044). After determining a cut-off of 92 cm3, survival analysis revealed that EAT volumes > 92 cm3 showed higher recurrence rates at earlier time points after the index ablation procedure (p = 0.006), with a HR of 1.95 (p = 0.008) of AF recurrence at 2-year. After multivariate adjustment, EAT > 92 cm3 remained predictive of AF recurrence (p = 0.028). CONCLUSION: The volume of EAT measured by cardiac CT can predict recurrence of AF after ablation, with a volume above 92 cm3 yielding almost twice the risk of arrhythmia recurrence in the first two years following CA. Higher EAT and TAV are also associated with persistent AF.
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Tejido Adiposo , Fibrilación Atrial , Ablación por Catéter , Pericardio , Recurrencia , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Fibrilación Atrial/cirugía , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Femenino , Tejido Adiposo/diagnóstico por imagen , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ablación por Catéter/métodos , Pericardio/diagnóstico por imagen , Pericardio/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Anciano , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tejido Adiposo EpicárdicoRESUMEN
This study focuses on optimizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from purple-fleshed sweet potatoes (PFSP) for potential use as natural colorants. Factors such as time, temperature, and solid-to-liquid ratio were varied using a Box-Behnken Design. The optimal conditions were determined as 75 min, 70 °C, and a 1:15 m/v solid-to-liquid ratio, resulting in 18.372 mg/100 g total anthocyanin (TA) and 151.160 mg GAE/100 g total phenolic content (TPC). The validation yielded 18.822 mg/100 g for total anthocyanin and 162.174 mg GAE/100 g for total phenolic content, showing a 7% difference from predictions. UAE significantly increased TA extraction by 81% and TPC by 93% compared with the conventional method, with a notable reduction in process time from 24 h to 75 min. Additionally, three kinetic models were tested to compare extraction mechanisms, confirming the efficiency of UAE for PFSP bioactive compound recovery. This study proposes the UAE technique as a highly effective means of extracting bioactive compounds from PFSP, offering promising applications across multiple industries.
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Fish by-products can be converted into high-value-added products like fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs), which have high nutritional value and are rich in bioactive peptides with health benefits. This study aims to characterise FPHs derived from salmon heads (HPSs) and Cape hake trimmings (HPHs) using Alcalase for enzymatic hydrolysis and Subcritical Water Hydrolysis (SWH) as an alternative method. All hydrolysates demonstrated high protein content (70.4-88.7%), with the degree of hydrolysis (DH) ranging from 10.7 to 36.4%. The peptide profile of FPHs indicated the breakdown of proteins into small peptides. HPSs showed higher levels of glycine and proline, while HPHs had higher concentrations of glutamic acid, leucine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Similar elemental profiles were observed in both HPHs and HPSs, and the levels of Cd, Pb, and Hg were well below the legislated limits. Hydrolysates do not have a negative effect on cell metabolism and contribute to cell growth. HPSs and HPHs exhibited high 2,2'-azino-bis(3 ethylbenzthiazoline-6)-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, Cu2+ and Fe2+ chelating activities, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, with HPHs generally displaying higher activities. The α-amylase inhibition of both FPHs was relatively low. These results indicate that HPHs are a promising natural source of nutritional compounds and bioactive peptides, making them potential candidates for use as an ingredient in new food products or nutraceuticals. SWH at 250 °C is a viable alternative to enzymatic methods for producing FPHs from salmon heads with high antioxidant and chelating properties.
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BACKGROUND: There is a growing interest in industry to replace synthetic chemicals by natural products with bioactive properties. Aromatic plants are excellent sources of bioactive compounds that can be extracted using several processes. As far as oregano is concerned, studies are lacking addressing the effect of extraction processes in bioactivity of extracts. This study aimed to characterise the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil and extracts (in hot and cold water, and ethanol), and the chemical composition of its essential oil. RESULTS: The major components of oregano essential oil were carvacrol, ß-fenchyl alcohol, thymol, and γ-terpinene. Hot water extract had the strongest antioxidant properties and the highest phenolic content. All extracts were ineffective in inhibiting the growth of the seven tested bacteria. In contrast, the essential oil inhibited the growth of all bacteria, causing greater reductions on both Listeria strains (L. monocytogenes and L. innocua). CONCLUSION: O. vulgare extracts and essential oil from Portuguese origin are strong candidates to replace synthetic chemicals used by the industry.
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Aceites Volátiles/química , Origanum/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Antioxidantes/químicaRESUMEN
Consumer expectations regarding the quality of octopus are often frustrated and dissatisfaction is frequent, namely due to the excessive reduction in weight after cooking. Therefore, a rapid and non-destructive method based in time domain reflectometry (TDR) was developed for the control of water added to octopus (Octopus vulgaris and Eledone cirrhosa). O. vulgaris had significant higher values of moisture content, moisture/protein ratio, and cooking loss than E. cirrhosa. Immersion in freshwater increased the weight of O. vulgaris in ca. 32% after 32 h, and of E. cirrhosa in ca. 21% after 36 h, and cooking losses increased about 13.9% and 26.1%, respectively. The results reveal how consumers can be misled by abusive water addition. Changes in electrical conductivity and TDR curves were linked with the increasing incorporation of water and dilution effect of salts from octopus muscle. TDR technology and linear discriminant analysis were combined to detect added water in octopus. The classification model developed was cross-validated and 98.6% of samples were correctly classified. The method can be used to proof the authenticity of octopus (O. vulgaris and E. cirrhosa) or to detect fraudulent practices regarding added water.
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In the presence of prosthetic tricuspid valve, the inaccessibility to the right ventricle makes permanent pacing challenging. The placement of a left ventricle (LV) single lead in the coronary sinus (CS) is a well-accepted alternative, with some limitations regarding sensing and threshold. We describe a clinical case of a patient who had a previous LV only lead in the CS due to the presence of a prosthetic tricuspid valve and, after a surgical valvular intervention, presented with recurrent syncope episodes due to lead malfunction with lack of pacing capture and significant ventricular pauses. A quadripolar lead was chosen to be placed in the CS connected to a cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker device, programmed at biventricular VVI and using a specific manufacturer T-wave protection algorithm to prevent pacemaker-induced arrhythmias and to use the patient's own rhythm. This approach prevented a fourth surgical intervention to place an epicardial lead and resulted in reasonable LV sensing and pacing threshold. Learning objectives: This paper reports an alternative and atypical approach that could solve some of the limitations associated with ventricular pacing in patients with tricuspid prosthetic valves and multiple previous surgeries.
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This study aims to report the chemical changes, specifically the nucleotides and free amino acids (FAAs) during refrigerated storage of live sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (7 °C) and packed gonads (2 °C) and respective contributions to overall taste. Results showed that the adenylate energy charge (AEC) is an adequate indicator for live sea urchin through storage, while K-value does not distinguish freshness. Changes of both indexes were not clear in packed gonads. The FAAs profile were related with maturation stage where amino acids associated to sweet (Gly, Ala), umami (Glu) and bitter (Arg, Lys, His, Val) had significant contribution to overall taste. In general, the storage did not significantly affect the FAAs content nor its contribution to overall taste in contrast to nucleotides that seemed to induce potential changes after day 5. The findings provide insights that will complement a full study on quality index scheme development of the products.