Thrombosis and Bleeding Risk Scores Are Strongly Associated with Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Internationally established guidelines mention pharmacological prophylaxis for all hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, there are concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants. This study investigated the associations between thrombosis/bleeding risk scores and clinical outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of adult patients admitted to two hospitals between 2021 and 2022. We analyzed clinical data, laboratory results, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) use, thrombosis, bleeding, and 30-day survival. Results: Of the 160 patients, 69.4% were female, and the median age was 59 years. The rates of thrombotic complications and mortality were 12.5% and 36.3%, respectively. LMWH prophylaxis was administered to 73 of the patients (45.6%). The patients with high Padua prediction scores (PPS) and high IMPROVEVTE scores had a significantly higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to those with low scores (30.8% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.006 and 25.6% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.006). Similarly, elevated IMPROVEVTE and IMPROVEBRS scores were associated with increased mortality (hazard ratios of 7.49 and 6.27, respectively; p < 0.001). Interestingly, LMWH use was not associated with a decreased incidence of VTE when stratified by risk groups. Conclusions: this study suggests that COVID-19 patients with high thrombosis and bleeding risk scores have a higher mortality rate.

COVID-19 with high-sensitivity CRP associated with worse dynamic clinical parameters and outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and their clinical outcomes, including trajectory of hsCRP changes during hospitalization. Method and results: Patients with positive COVID-19 tests between 2021 and 2023 were admitted to two hospitals. Among 184 adult patients, approximately half (47.3%) had elevated hsCRP levels upon admission, which defined as exceeding the laboratory-specific upper limit of test (> 5.0 mg/L). Clinical outcomes included critical illness, acute kidney injury, thrombotic events, intensive care unit (ICU) requirement, and death during hospitalization. Elevated hsCRP levels had a higher risk of ICU requirement than those with normal, 39.1% versus 16.5%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.3 [95% CI, 1.05-5.01]; p = 0.036. Patients with extremely high (≥2 times) hsCRP levels had aOR, 2.65 [95% CI, 1.09-6.45]; p < 0.001. On the fifth day hospitalization, patients with high hsCRP levels associated with acute kidney injury (aOR, 4.13 [95% CI, 1.30-13.08]; p = 0.016), ICU requirement (aOR, 2.67 [95%CI, 1.02-6.99]; p = 0.044), or death (aOR, 4.24 [95% CI, 1.38-12.99]; p = 0.011). The likelihood of worse clinical outcomes increased as hsCRP levels rose; patients with elevated hsCRP had lower overall survival rate than those with normal (p = 0.02). The subset of high hsCRP patients with high viral load also had a shorter half-life compared to those with normal hsCRP level (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Elevated hsCRP levels were found to be a significant predictor of ICU requirement, acute kidney injury, or death within 5 days after hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. This emphasized the importance of providing more intensive care management to patients with elevated hsCRP.

Prevalence and Associated Factors for Thyroid Dysfunction Among Patients On Targeted Therapy for Cancers: A Single-Center Study from Thailand.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors of thyroid dysfunction among cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done in patients who received TKIs at Rajavithi Hospital in 2019. For patients treated with ICI, a retrospective chart review for patients seen in 2018 to 2019 was conducted. If there were abnormal thyroid function tests (TFT), thyroid autoantibodies were tested. Results: There were 144 patients on TKIs with a mean age of 56.0 years. Thyroid dysfunction was found in 14.6% of patients and most had subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 16, 11.1%). Imatinib (n = 11, 10.8%) and sunitinib (n = 4, 100%) were the 2 most common TKIs given to patients with thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction was associated with male sex, chronic kidney disease and hepatitis B virus infection but not with previous thyroid disease and presence of thyroid autoantibodies.There were 18 patients who received ICIs. The mean age was 63.3 years. Twelve patients (66.7%) used programmed cell death protein-1 antibody (anti-PD1), mainly nivolumab. Thyroid dysfunction was found in 50%, which occurred at a median duration of 46 days. Most patients had overt hypothyroidism and 55.6% needed levothyroxine replacement. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunctions from TKIs were mostly asymptomatic and mild in severity. Some types of TKIs might be associated with thyroid dysfunction. On the other hand, thyroid dysfunction from ICIs usually occurs within 6 months and requires levothyroxine replacement.

Survival rates of adult patients with Hodgkin lymphoma who underwent ABVD versus escalated BEACOPP in a resource-limited country: An observational study.

BACKGROUND: The survival rate of adult patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) depends on the responses to standard chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combined therapy. Resource-limited countries face numerous obstacles in supporting patients with HL who undergo chemotherapy, especially in advanced stages. AIM: To analyze the survival outcomes of adult patients with HL after combined-modality treatment (CMT) with involved-field or non-involved-field radiotherapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 90 adult patients with HL who received CMT at Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok between 2007 and 2021. Patients with stage I-IV disease received different therapies depending on their risk group. The risk groups were evaluated according to initial response, bulky disease, and B symptoms. Patients (n = 90) who underwent CMT were followed up for 34.7 months (range, 1-141 months). The median follow-up periods of early and advanced-stage patients were 53.1 months and 23.5 months, respectively. The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of patients with advanced-stage diseases were 85% and 62%, respectively. There was a difference in the 3-year overall survival among advance-stage patients who underwent ABVD (94%) compared to those administered BEACOPPesc (50%), and the 3-year PFS (84%) among patients who underwent ABVD was higher than that among those administered BEACOPPesc (66%). Radiotherapy increased toxicity but did not improve the survival rate. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy administered to patients with advanced-stage adult HL was more effective than BEACOPPesc when ABVD was administered. Our findings are relevant for hospitals with limited resources.

The reliability of FEbrile Neutropenia after ChEmotherapy (FENCE) scores in predicting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor breakthrough febrile neutropenia among patients with lymphoma undergoing first-cycle chemotherapy: A prospective observational study.

Background: A tool for estimating risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) after chemotherapy, namely the FEbrile Neutropenia after ChEmotherapy (FENCE) score, has been developed but has not been widely validated. This study aimed to validate the FENCE score as a tool for predicting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) breakthrough FN among patients with lymphoma who underwent chemotherapy. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of treatment-naive adult patients with lymphoma who underwent their first cycle of chemotherapy between 2020 and 2021. The patients were followed up until the next cycle of chemotherapy to identify any infection events. Results: Among the 135 patients with lymphoma, 62 (50%) were men. In a comparison of the value of each FENCE parameter for predicting G-CSF breakthrough infection, the parameter of advanced-stage disease showed high sensitivity of 92.8%, and receipt of platinum chemotherapy showed high specificity of 95.33%. With a FENCE score of 12 as a cutoff for low risk, analysis across all patients with lymphoma resulted in a high AUROCC of 0.63 (95% CI = 0.5-0.74%; p = 0.059), and analysis across only patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) resulted in an AUROCC of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.51-0.79%; p = 0.046). With a cutoff point of 12, FENCE score can predict breakthrough infection events at 30.0% (95% CI = 17.8-47.4%). Conclusion: This study divided patients with lymphoma into risk groups according to FENCE score, showing that this instrument has discriminatory ability in predicting FN events, these being more likely to occur in patients in the intermediate- and high-risk groups. Multicenter studies are needed to validate this clinical risk score.

Dengue virus infection in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia.

This is a case report of a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) undergoing imatinib treatment who became infected with dengue virus. The patient presented with classic dengue symptoms, along with early minor bleeding (blood-stained sputum) during the first 5 days of illness. Continuous inpatient imatinib treatment for CML was given without blood transfusion. The hemoglobin and white blood-cell count slowly improved over 30 days while recovering from the dengue viral infection. The patient recovered from the dengue virus infection without complication. Clinical monitoring of hematologic changes is needed in dengue patients undergoing anticancer treatment.

False-Positive Nonstructural Protein 1 Antigen in a Patient with Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Report with Literature Review.

BACKGROUND A rapid investigation of dengue viral infection is needed for physicians who manage patients with suspected dengue infection. The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) test kit is commonly used to diagnose patients with acute febrile illness in dengue-endemic countries, although this test kit can yield false-positive results. The Dengue NS1 test kit mostly relies on cross-reaction among febrile illness patients with other viral infections rather than malignancies. CASE REPORT A 52-year-old male patient presented with 3 days of fever, intermittent gum bleeding, weight loss, and mucocutaneous bleeding. He was transferred to a second hospital with acute febrile illness. Both dengue NS1 antigen test kits were positive from the 2 hospitals where he was previously treated. Fever and cytopenia persisted, and then the dengue RT-PCR test was performed to establish the cause of illness. A peripheral blood smear was reviewed and showed blast cells. A bone marrow examination was done to test for the compatibility of lymphoblastic leukemia. The flow cytometry test showed B cells ALL with Philadelphia-positive chromosome. Finally, the result of the dengue RT-PCR test was negative. CONCLUSIONS Our patient presented with fever and viral-like illness, but he was finally diagnosed with Ph+ ALL. We demonstrated the first case of false-positive dengue NS1 antigen in a Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patient. Moreover, we reviewed the literature to gather information on false-positive results using the dengue NS1 test kit. The dengue NS1 test kit is useful and produces reliable clinical findings, especially in patients with hematological malignancies.

Atypical complication in an adult patient with dengue and autoimmune hemolytic anemia: a case report.

Severe dengue infection is associated with life-threatening complications, including severe bleeding. The bleeding tendency is typically associated with the shock phase of infection, for which blood replacement may be needed. However, repetitive blood transfusion can lead to volume overload. Administration of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) might be used to counteract bleeding without inducing volume overload. We describe the case of a patient with severe dengue infection who presented with intractable bleeding; he was initially treated with massive blood transfusions, which resulted in volume overload. He was then treated with rFVIIa to reverse the bleeding. During the second week of his hospitalization, his hematocrit dropped precipitously, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia was diagnosed. Supportive treatment was provided until recovery. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a rare complication in adult patients with dengue. Supportive care was effective for this atypical complication.

False-positive dengue IgM test result in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.

Dengue virus infection most commonly has mild-to-moderate nonspecific clinical presentations that overlap with other diseases. Dengue-specific tests are commonly used for those patients with acute febrile illness in dengue-endemic areas. There is one study in vitro that showed a false-positive dengue-immunoglobulin M (dengue IgM) test for blood from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we demonstrated a false-positive dengue IgM test in a patient with SLE. The patient had fever, cytopenia, and a skin rash, but her clinical variables more closely matched with the criteria for SLE than the dengue infection. Vasculitis-like-lesions supported prednisolone administration and her clinical symptoms improved. This case highlights that some patients with SLE can be misdiagnosed as having a viral infection. These two diseases have similar clinical findings, such as acute febrile illness, but they are different in terms of their treatments and disease prognosis.