Impact of bariatric surgery on early-onset colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this meta-analysis is to determine the impact of bariatric surgery on the risk of early-onset colorectal neoplasia. This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA recommendations. It was registered in the PROSPERO international database. A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science) for completed studies until May 2022. The Search was made using a mixture of indexed terms and title, abstract and keywords. The search included terms: obese, surgical weight loss intervention, colorectal cancer, and colorectal adenomas. Studies that included bariatric intervention patient's vs non-surgical obese patients younger than 50 years were considered. Inclusion criteria were patients with BMI more than 35 kg/m2 who underwent a colonoscopy. Studies with follow-up colonoscopy performed in less than 4 years after bariatric surgery and those that evaluated patients with a mean age difference of 5 or more years between groups were excluded. Outcomes analyzed in obese patients with surgical treatment vs control patients included colorectal cancer incidence. From 2008 to 2021, a total of 1536 records were identified. Five retrospective studies that included 48,916 patients were analyzed. Follow-up period ranged from 5 to 22.2 years. 20,663 (42.24%) patients underwent bariatric surgery and 28,253 (57.76%) were part of the control patients. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was performed in 14,400 (69.7%) individuals. The intervention and control group were similar in age range, proportion of female participants and initial body mass index (35-48.3 vs 35-49.3, respectively). 126/20663 (0.61%) patients in the bariatric surgery group and 175/28253 (0.62%) individuals in the control group presented CRC. In this meta-analysis, we were unable to demonstrate a significant impact of the Bariatric Surgery on EOCRC risk. Prospective trials with longer follow-up periods should be done to prove the colorectal cancer risk reduction.

Impact of anti-tuberculosis treatment on hematological parameters in newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients at Jimma town: a longitudinal prospective study.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem affecting one-third of the world's population. In 2021, 1.6 million people died from TB. TB is the 13th leading cause of death and the second leading cause of infectious death after coronavirus disease 2019. Most anti-TB drugs affect hematological parameters in patients. Methods: This longitudinal prospective study was conducted from 03 January to 30 December 2019. Patients who completed a course of TB treatment were candidates for analysis. Sputum and blood samples were collected from each study participant and analyzed by the Gene X-pert machine and a HumaCount 30 hematology analyzer (Human GmbH). SPSS version 20 and R programming software version 4.2.3 were used for data analysis. Friedman's test was used to assess statistical significance. P-values ​​less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 148 patients who completed the course of TB treatment correctly were a candidate for final analysis. Ninety-one (61.5%) study participants were male; the median age was 27.6±9.8 years. Moreover, most of the study participants (84.4%) had pulmonary TB. Most of the hematological parameters had changed in the phases of TB treatment. After anti-TB treatment, there is a significant difference in hematological parameters in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit percentage, platelet count, and white blood cell count. Conclusion: Anemia and leucopenia are the most significant problems after TB treatment. Regular checking of these parameters is essential for the patient.

Genome-Wide Association Study towards Genomic Predictive Power for High Production and Quality of Milk in American Alpine Goats.

This paper reports an exploratory study based on quantitative genomic analysis in dairy traits of American Alpine goats. The dairy traits are quality-determining components in goat milk, cheese, ice cream, etc. Alpine goat phenotypes for quality components have been routinely recorded for many years and deposited in the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB) repository. The data collected were used to conduct an exploratory genome-wide association study (GWAS) from 72 female Alpine goats originating from locations throughout the U.S. Genotypes were identified with the Illumina Goat 50K single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) BeadChip. The analysis used a polygenic model where the dropping criterion was a call rate ≥ 0.95. The initial dataset was composed of ~60,000 rows of SNPs and 21 columns of phenotypic traits and composed of 53,384 scaffolds containing other informative data points used for genomic predictive power. Phenotypic association with the 50K BeadChip revealed 26,074 reads of candidate genes. These candidate genes segregated as separate novel SNPs and were identified as statistically significant regions for genome and chromosome level trait associations. Candidate genes associated differently for each of the following phenotypic traits: test day milk yield (13,469 candidate genes), test day protein yield (25,690 candidate genes), test day fat yield (25,690 candidate genes), percentage protein (25,690 candidate genes), percentage fat (25,690 candidate genes), and percentage lactose content (25,690 candidate genes). The outcome of this study supports elucidation of novel genes that are important for livestock species in association to key phenotypic traits. Validation towards the development of marker-based selection that provides precision breeding methods will thereby increase the breeding value.

Occurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae in paediatric respiratory infections.

An emerging body of evidence suggests that half of asthma in both children and adults is associated with chronic lung infection. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of viable Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) and C. trachomatis (Ct) in the respiratory tracts of paediatric patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples obtained from 182 children undergoing bronchoscopy for clinical reasons were assayed using PCR analysis, in vitro tissue culture and immunofluorescence staining for the presence of Cp and Ct. Chlamydia-specific DNA was detected by PCR in 124 (68%) out of 182 patients; 79 were positive for Cp, 77 positive for Ct and 32 for both organisms; 75 patients had cultivable Chlamydia. Ct DNA prevalence decreased, whereas Cp positivity generally increased with age. A total of 59 out of 128 asthma patients and 16 out of 54 nonasthmatics were Chlamydia culture positive. When the patients were divided into inflammatory versus noninflammatory airway disease, there were 69 (46%) out of 150 and six (18%) out of 32 BALF samples with cultivable Chlamydia, respectively. Viable Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis occur frequently in children with chronic respiratory diseases and may be more prevalent in asthma patients. To the current authors' knowledge, this is the first report of viable Chlamydia trachomatis in the lungs of children.

Utility of peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization for rapid detection of Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The utility of peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA FISH) for the detection of Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated on broth suspensions and spiked blood cultures of ATCC strains and clinical isolates with select gram-negative rods. After testing 60 clinical isolates, PNA FISH had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 100%, respectively, for Acinetobacter spp. and 100% and 95%, respectively, for P. aeruginosa. PNA FISH was able to detect both pathogens simultaneously and directly from spiked blood cultures.

A case of medulloepithelioma of the left eye.

The case of a 12 year old male patient with a diagnosis of medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body is reported. The difficulties in reaching diagnosis and management are discussed. The importance of keeping such a rare disease in mind is stressed.