Аn affordability of statins therapy - comparative analysis between Ukraine and Bulgaria.

BACKGROUND: The statins are а developing group of cardiovascular medicines, widely used for dyslipidemia. As a whole statins consumption leads to reduction in cardiovascular events and death, and improves the disease control. The main study issue considers the differences in an affordability to lipid lowering medicines in the countries with the highest morbidity and mortally rate within and outside EU. The affordability has been researched by exploring the price differences and average wages. METHODS: On total 7 international nonproprietary names and 19 dosage forms available on both markets are observed during 2013-2016. An average, minimum, and maximum retail prices per DDD, standard deviation (SD) has been calculated for all marketed dosage forms. A price ratio between the minimal and maximal price per DDD is estimated in order to evaluate their difference. Affordability of the treatment is determined as the number of working hours per month needed for patient to purchase medicines for a monthly therapy. RESULTS: Large variations of price per DDD, SD and the average price exist between different dosage forms in both countries. The highest value of a price ratio is observed for 5 mg rosuvastatin in Bulgaria and 10 mg rosuvastatin in Ukraine. The number of working hours needed to cover monthly therapy has increased during 2013-2016 in Ukraine. The most affordable is treatment with a generic atorvastatin in Bulgaria and generic rosuvastatin in Ukraine. The most expensive rosuvastatin in Bulgaria and atorvastatin in Ukraine are found as the least affordable for a monthly therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease of prices for statins is not the only reason influencing patients' affordability to therapy for statin therapy in Ukraine and Bulgaria. The difference in affordability in Ukraine and Bulgaria is affected mainly by the economic development in the country as well as wages variation.

Integrated In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of a Powder-to-Hydrogel, Film-Forming Polymer Complex Base with Tissue-Protective and Microbiome-Supportive Properties.

The study aimed to perform a comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a newly developed, patent-pending, powder-to-hydrogel, film-forming polymer complex base, which possesses tissue-protective and microbiome-supportive properties, and to compare its characteristics with poloxamer 407. The study used a combination of in vitro assays, including tissue viability and cell migration, and in vivo wound healing evaluations in male diabetic mice. Microbiome dynamics at wound sites were also analyzed. The in vitro assays demonstrated that the polymer complex base was non-cytotoxic and that it enhanced cell migration over poloxamer 407. In vivo, the polymer complex base demonstrated superior wound healing capabilities, particularly in combination with misoprostol and phenytoin, as evidenced by the reduced wound area and inflammation scores. Microbiome analysis revealed favorable shifts in bacterial populations associated with the polymer complex base-treated wounds. The polymer complex base demonstrates clinical significance in wound care, potentially offering improved healing, safety and microbiome support. Its transformative properties and efficacy in drug delivery make it a promising candidate for advanced wound care applications, particularly in chronic wound management.