Economic inequality reduces sense of control and increases the acceptability of self-interested unethical behavior.

Societies worldwide are witnessing higher levels of economic inequality. While prior work has examined ethical judgments toward inequality itself (e.g., "is inequality unethical?"), less is known about how inequality shapes judgments of unethical behavior (e.g., "is unethical behavior more acceptable?"). In two correlational studies, we find that higher objective (Study 1; n = 127,953) and subjective (Study 2; n = 806) inequality is associated with greater acceptability of self-interested unethical behavior. In Studies 3a-6b (total N = 4,851; preregistered), we manipulated perceived inequality and test several mediating pathways. Results point toward the importance of sense of control as a mechanism: Under conditions of high inequality, individuals report a lower sense of control, which increases the acceptability of self-interested unethical behaviors. As a supplement, we also explore associations regarding why high inequality reduces sense of control (reduced perceptions of social mobility) and why sense of control is associated with greater acceptability of unethical behavior (greater situational attributions). Overall, our results suggest inequality changes ethical standards by reducing one's sense of control, providing evidence for another pathway through which inequality harms societies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Medium Term Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes Using a Modular Tapered Hip Revision Implant.

BACKGROUND: The rate of revision hip arthroplasty surgery is rising. Surgeons must use implants with proven outcomes to help overcome the technical challenges faced during revision surgery. However, outcome studies using these implants are limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of the Stryker Restoration stem, the most commonly used hip revision stem in the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS: A retrospective review of a single surgeon case series was performed. Immediate postoperative radiographs were analyzed for offset and leg length discrepancy. Radiographic evidence of subsidence was assessed using follow-up radiographs. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was applied using explantation and reoperation as endpoints. Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the Oxford Hip Score and EQ-5D-5L. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-eight cases were identified. Mean follow-up duration was 51.8 months (range: 24-121). Stem survival during this period was 98%. Reoperation for any reason was 13%. Mean subsidence was 4.18 mm. Analysis of variance testing showed no difference in mean subsidence between revision indications. Mean offset and leg length discrepancies were measured at 4.5 mm and 4.3 mm, respectively. The mean Oxford Hip Score for participants was 27.6. CONCLUSIONS: This series demonstrates excellent implant survival, with radiographic parameters for reconstruction and subsidence levels comparable to those in the existing literature. The tapered modular hip revision stem provides surgeons with the intraoperative flexibility to overcome some of the anatomical difficulties encountered during revision surgery; this is reflected in the radiographic and clinical outcomes of the cohort in this study.

Power and status across cultures.

This article synthesizes recent psychological research at the intersection of power, status, and culture. Our review shows that culture affects how status and power are conceptualized, who attains them, and what their consequences are. In individualistic cultures (and particularly vertical ones that emphasize hierarchical arrangements), power is conceptualized in personalized terms (i.e. focus on self-benefits), competence drives status attainment, norm violations increase power, and individuals strive primarily for power, approve of powerholders that behave equitably, and feel happy when they have personal power. In contrast, in collectivistic cultures (and particularly horizontal ones that promote egalitarianism), power is conceptualized in socialized terms (i.e. focus on benefitting others), warmth and competence drive status attainment, norm adherence increases power, and individuals strive primarily for status, approve of powerholders that behave compassionately, and feel happy when they have socialized power. We discuss what remains unknown as a mechanism for guiding future work.

Management of hip fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic at a high-volume hip fracture unit in the United Kingdom.

This study aimed to compare the treatment pathway and 30-day outcomes of hip fracture patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic with the pre-pandemic period. Three periods were retrospectively analysed: period C = 23/03/2020-11/05/2020, period A = 23/03/2018-11/05/2018, period B = 23/03/2019-11/05/2019. No statistically significant differences in time to surgery, type of treatment, complications, and mortality rates were noted. A significant reduction (p = 0.021) in the time to orthogeriatric assessment and length of inpatient stay (p < 0.001) was found in period C. Institutional adaptions to facilitate prompt treatment in hip fractures during the pandemic resulted in favourable outcomes.

Post-operative outcomes of arthroscopic tarsal coalition resection: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic resection of tarsal coalitions is a relatively new technique. This systematic review aimed to investigate the post-operative complications and functional outcomes in arthroscopic resection of tarsal coalitions. METHODS: PubMed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane library were searched for studies that reported outcomes in arthroscopic resection of tarsal coalitions. RESULTS: 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. Post-operative outcomes were reported in 103 cases. The overall complication rate was 13.6%. Tibial nerve injury was reported in 1 patient. All included studies demonstrated post-operative improvement in functional outcomes. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic resection is a feasible and effective treatment method for symptomatic tarsal coalitions.

Trampoline Park Injuries and Their Burden on Local Orthopaedic and Emergency Services.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of trampoline park injuries (TPIs) at a local recreational facility and to quantify the burden on emergency and orthopaedic services at our institute. METHODS: All patients that presented to the Emergency Department (ED) from the trampoline park via ambulance from July 2014 to November 2015 were included in the study. Patients' medical records were reviewed for clinical details including date, location and type of injury, treatment received, length of stay and outpatient follow-up. A cost analysis was performed to estimate the financial impact of each injury. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 20 (7-48). Soft tissue sprains (n=29, 41%) and fractures (n=25, 35%) were the most common injuries, with the majority occurring in the lower limb. Two patients sustained open tibial fractures necessitating transfer to level 1 trauma centres. Fourteen patients (20%) underwent surgery, predominantly requiring open reduction and internal fixation. Overall, 18 patients (25%) required admission to hospital with mean length of stay of 2 days. The cost for pre-hospital, emergency and in-patient care amounted to over £80,000. CONCLUSION: TPIs pose a significant financial cost for local orthopaedic and emergency services. Contrary to studies evaluating home trampoline injuries, the majority of fractures at trampoline parks occurred in the lower limbs. Improved injury prevention strategies are required to help reduce morbidity and lower the financial implications for local NHS trusts.