Cascade light field disparity estimation network based on unsupervised deep learning.

Light field disparity estimation is an important task in light field applications. However, how to efficiently utilize the high-dimensional light field data is a very worthy issue to investigate. Besides, existing supervised deep learning based algorithms are limited to scenes with ground truth disparity for training. In this paper, we propose a light field disparity estimation network which adopts a cascade cost volume architecture and can predict disparity maps in a coarse to fine manner by fully exploring the geometry characteristics of sub-aperture images. In addition, we design a combined unsupervised loss to train our network without a ground truth disparity map. Our combined loss consists of occlusion-aware photometric loss and edge-aware smoothness loss which can bring targeted performance improvements in occlusion and textureless regions, respectively. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach can achieve better results compared to existing unsupervised disparity estimation method and show better generalizability compared to supervised methods.

Three-dimensional image authentication with double random phase encryption in one capture.

We propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, three-dimensional (3D) authentication method based on double random phase integral imaging, and only one image at one viewpoint is used during the authentication process. Two neural networks are applied to estimate depth information and the inpainted synthesized viewpoint image. The usage of deep learning and geometric refocusing techniques greatly simplifies the whole authentication process including capture, transmission, and storage. Experimental results verify the presented method and successfully prove the developed 3D authentication process using a nonlinear correlation method.

Huntsmen of the Caribbean: Multiple tests of the GAARlandia hypothesis.

The origin of the Caribbean biota remains debated, but amassing evidence suggests important roles of both dispersal and vicariance events in the colonization the archipelago. The most prominent vicariance hypothesis is colonization over the GAARlandia land bridge that putatively connected the Greater Antilles to South America around 33 mya. This hypothesis has received support from studies of individual lineages, but its main prediction-the simultaneous colonization of multiple lineages during that time window-requires further unambiguous corroboration. Here, we examine the phylogenetic structure of huntsman spiders (Sparassidae) of the Caribbean. Huntsman spiders are appropriate models for this question, as they are expected to be dispersal limited as substrate and foliage dwelling spiders that rarely balloon, yet are found on some volcanic islands, and thus at least some overwater dispersal must have occurred. We focus on the Caribbean endemic Neostasina, but also include Caribbean Olios, for a deeper biogeographical understanding. We use two mitochondrial and four nuclear markers to reconstruct dated phylogenetic trees and to test taxonomic and biogeographic hypotheses. Our analyses strongly support the monophyly of Neostasina and the polyphyly of Olios, with a new clade endemic to the Caribbean. Both Neostasina and Caribbean Olios occur on the Greater and Lesser Antilles and independently colonized the Caribbean around 36-28 mya. Hypothesis testing in BioGeoBEARS suggests a role of the GAARlandia landbridge in the colonization of both clades. The 'Olios-like' clade, in contrast, is restricted to the southern Lesser Antilles and shows a biogeographic history consistent with colonization from S. America, probably within the last 10 my. Thus, many spider lineages on the Greater Antilles seem to have colonized the Caribbean during a relatively short time span approximately coinciding with the proposed timing of GAARlandia. The synchronous colonization of multiple lineages suggests a temporary land connection. However, the main problem in concluding synchronous events across lineages in this study, as in most others, is the ambiguity in chronogram analyses meaning that many different patterns can be 'consistent' with GAARlandia, thus potentially providing a false positive result. Broad comparative biogeographical studies such as the CarBio project will offer the best opportunity to multiply test shared biogeographic patterns among independent lineages. The current paper contributes evidence from multiple lineages that will contribute to this synthesis.

A new species of Cuspidevia Jäch & Boukal, 1995 (Coleoptera, Elmidae) from south China.

Background: Cuspidevia Jäch & Boukal, 1995 is a member of the tribe Macronychini which has the following features: antennae short, 6-10 segmented, aedeagus long and cylindrical, paramere very small, slender or lacking. This genus currently comprises only three species. All species are distributed in China. New information: Cuspideviapilosus sp. nov. is reported from Guangdong, Guangxi and Jiangxi Provinces in China. Habitus and diagnostic features of the new species are illustrated.

Two new oonopid spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) from Xishuangbanna tropical rainforest, Yunnan, China.

A new species of the genus Bannana Tong & Li, 2015 and a new species of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 are recorded from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province: Bannanazhengguoi Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) and Trilacunaaoxian Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀). An identification key to species of the genus Bannana from Xishuangbanna is provided. Detailed diagnoses, descriptions, and photomicroscopy images of new species are provided.

Two new species and one new record of Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from China.

Background: Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 is a large genus of oonopid spiders that currently contains 126 species, amongst which, 28 have been recorded in China. New information: Two new Ischnothyreus species, Ischnothyreusdaheling Tong & Zhang, sp. nov. and Ischnothyreuslongyang Tong & Zhang, sp. nov., are described, based on specimens collected from Yunnan Province and Ischnothyreusvelox Jackson, 1908 is recorded in China for the first time, based on material collected from Guangxi Province. All three species are illustrated.

Two new species of Orchestina Simon, 1882 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan, China.

Two new species of Orchestina, O.dapojing Tong & Yang, sp. nov. (♂♀) and O.hyperofrontata Tong & Yang, sp. nov. (♂) are described from Yunnan, China. Descriptions, diagnoses and photographs of habitus and copulatory organs are provided.

Six new species of oonopid spiders from Champasak, Laos (Araneae, Oonopidae).

Five genera and nine species of oonopid spiders are recorded from Laos, including six new species: Gamasomorpha comosa Tong & Li, 2009, Ischnothyreus corollacous sp. nov., Ischnothyreus tadetu sp. nov., Ischnothyreus tadfane sp. nov., Opopaea cornuta Yin & Wang, 1984, Opopaea lemniscata sp. nov., Opopaea tumida sp. nov., Xestaspis loricata (L. Koch, 1873), and Xyphinus pakse sp. nov.

The first goblin spiders of the genus Trilacuna from Vietnam (Araneae, Oonopidae).

Two new species of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, T. hamata sp. nov. and T. sinuosa sp. nov., are described from Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam.

Three new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 and the discovery of the male of I.linzhiensis Hu, 2001 from Tibet, China (Araneae, Oonopidae).

Four species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from Tibet, China are recognised, including three new species, I.caoqiisp. nov. (female), I.metoksp. nov. (female), and I.pomesp. nov. (male and female). Males of Ischnothyreuslinzhiensis Hu, 2001 are discovered for the first time since its description. Descriptions, diagnoses, and photographs of the four species are provided.

Two new oonopid spider species from Yunnan, China (Araneae, Oonopidae).

The genera Kachinia Tong & Li, 2018 and Promolotra Tong & Li, 2020 are recorded from China for the first time. Two new species, Kachinialonglingsp. nov. (♂♀) and Promolotralushuisp. nov. (♂♀) are described. Descriptions, diagnoses, photographs and keys to Kachinia and Promolotra species are provided.

Three new species of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Yunnan Province, China.

Three new species of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007, T.cangshan Tong, Yang & Zhang, sp. nov. (♂), T.wumanshan Tong, Yang & Zhang, sp. nov. (♂), and T.xiaoheishan Tong, Yang & Zhang, sp. nov. (♂♀) are described from Yunnan, China. Descriptions, diagnoses, and photographs are provided.

A new species of Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Guangdong Province, China.

Background: Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 is one of the most speciose genera of Oonopidae, with 124 extant species mainly distributed in the Old World. Currently, 27 species are known in China. New information: A new species, Ischnothyreusruyuanensis Tong, sp. n., is described from Guangdong Province, China. Morphological description and illustrations are provided.

Three new species of Camptoscaphiella Caporiacco, 1934 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Yunnan Province, China.

Background: Camptoscaphiella Caporiacco, 1934 is a small genus of oonopid spiders that currently contains 20 species, of which five have been recorded in Yunnan, China. New information: Three new species of Camptoscaphiella, C.hudie Tong & Yang, sp. nov. (female), C.yinglefeng Tong & Yang, sp. nov. (female, male) and C.yujufeng Tong & Yang, sp. nov. (male) are described from Yunnan, China. Descriptions, diagnoses and photographs are provided.

A new genus and species of leptonetid spiders (Araneae, Leptonetidae) from Guangdong Province, China.

BACKGROUND: The spider family Leptonetidae Simon, 1890 includes 20 genera and 366 species from North America, the Mediterranean Region and Asia. Currently, 132 species belonging to six genera have been recorded in China. NEW INFORMATION: A new genus and species of leptonetid spiders, Yueleptonetadongxing gen. et sp. n., is described from Guangdong Province, China. Yueleptoneta gen. n. is distinct from the other genera in the chelicerae having the stridulatory file on the lateral margin and the male palp having a tarsal spur, lacking strong spines or apophyses on the femur and tibia.

A new genus and two new species of Azeliinae from China (Diptera: Muscidae).

A new genus, Chuntiania Xue, gen. nov., including two new species, namely Chuntiania scutiseta Xue, sp. nov. and Chuntiania fuchaooi Xue Yang, sp. nov., is described from China. A key to the genera of Azeliinae of China is provided, and a morphological comparison diagram of the male cercus of Chuntiania gen. nov. and Potamia Robineau-Desvoidy is added.

A newly-recorded species of the genus Ablemma Roewer, 1963 (Araneae, Tetrablemmidae) from China.

Background: Ablemma Roewer, 1963 is a species-rich genus of the family Tetrablemmidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873, currently comprising 28 known species. This genus is mainly distributed in Southeast Asia. Currently, only one species, A.prominens Tong & Li, 2008 is known to occur in China. New information: The species Ablemmashimojanai (Komatsu, 1968), presently only known from the Ryuku Islands in Japan, is reported from China for the first time on the basis of material collected in Guangdong Province. A morphological description and detailed images are provided.

Two new species of the spider genus Sinamma Lin amp; Li, 2014 (Araneae, Tetrablemmidae) from Guangdong Province, China.

Two new species of the genus Sinamma Lin Li, 2014, Sinamma quadrata Tong Li, sp. nov. (male, female) and Sinamma yingae Tong Li, sp. nov. (male, female) are described from Guangdong, China. The geographic distribution of the genus is updated and a key to all known species is provided.

Two new species of the genus Trilacuna from Chongqing Municipality, China (Araneae, Oonopidae).

Two new species of the genus Trilacuna Tong Li, 2007, T. difeng Tong Li, sp. nov. (male, female) and T. wenfeng Tong Li, sp. nov. (male, female) are described from Chongqing, China. A key to all the species of this genus from China is provided.

Two new species of the genus Camptoscaphiella from Yunnan, China (Araneae, Oonopidae).

Two new species of the genus Camptoscaphiella Caporiacco, 1934 are described from Yunnan, China, i.e., C. changxu Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) and C. linyejiei Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀). Camptoscaphiella changxu Tong & Li, sp. nov. is characterized by the long, strongly-curved setae between male paturons, which is unknown in other oonopids and in any other spiders. Camptoscaphiella linyejiei Tong & Li, sp. nov. is the third blind species of this genus in the world. Morphological descriptions and photographic illustrations of the two new species are given.