The antibiofilm potential of a heteropolysaccharide produced and characterized from the isolated marine bacterium Glutamicibacter nicotianae BPM30.

Biofilms are the significant causes of 80% of chronic infections in the oral cavity, urinary tract, biliary tube, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and so on to the general public. Treatment of pathogenic biofilm using bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) is an effective and promising strategy. In the present work, a marine bacterium was isolated, studied for exopolysaccharide production, and tested for its antibiofilm activity. Approximately 1.31 ± 0.07 g/L of a purified extracellular polysaccharide was produced and characterized from the isolated marine bacterium Glutamicibacter nicotianae BPM30. The hydrolyzed EPS contains multiple monosaccharides such as rhamnose, fructose, glucose, and galactose. The EPS demonstrated potential antibiofilm activity on four tested pathogens in a concentration-dependent mode. The antibiofilm activity of the purified EPS was studied by crystal violet assay and fluorescence staining method. Comparative inhibition results obtained for the tested strains are 93.25% ± 5.25 and 88.56% ± 2.25 for K. pneumoniae; 92.65% ± 7.6 and 98.33% ± 0.85 for P. aeruginosa; 90.36% ± 6.3 and 52.08% ± 7.74 for S. typhi; 84.62% ± 5.6 and 77.90% ± 5.90 for S. dysenteriae. The results of the present work demonstrated the antibiofilm potential of EPS, which could be helpful in the invention of novel curative approaches in battling bacterial biofilm-related medical complications.

Maximizing the direct recovery and stabilization of cellulolytic enzymes from Trichoderma harzanium BPGF1 fermented broth using carboxymethyl inulin nanoparticles.

The carboxymethylated inulin (CMI) nanoparticles prepared by the salt out method was demonstrated to harvest cellulolytic enzymes (Ez) directly from the clarified fermented broth of Trichoderma harzanium BPGF1. The formation of CMI nanoparticles and entrapment of Ez in CMI was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. A factorial design was developed to maximize enzymes recovery directly from the fermented broth. A maximum of 71.68 ± 8.61% cellulolytic enzymes was recovered using 20 mg/L inulin, 2 M sodium chloroacetate at 80 °C for 2 h. The resultant CMIEz nanohybrid displayed excellent activity in broad pH and temperature. Moreover, CMIEz was reusable for >30 cycles without losing efficiency. The real-time application of CMIEz was demonstrated by hydrolyzing acid pretreated corncob. High-pressure liquid chromatography revealed that the hydrolyzed corncob contained cellobiose, glucose, galactose, xylose, mannose, and arabinose. The results highlight that carbohydrate nanoparticles was useful in engulfing enzymes directly from the fermentation broth.

Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from jackfruit peel.

In the present work, sustainable nanomaterials, cellulose, and spherical cellulose nanocrystals (SCNCs) were isolated from the non-edible parts of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). Of the three different methods tested, sodium chlorite treatment produced the highest yield of cellulose, 20.08 ± 0.05% w/w (dry weight). Peaks observed in CP/MAS 13C NMR spectrum and FTIR frequencies revealed the presence of α-cellulose and absence of other biomass fractions like hemicellulose and lignin. XRD analysis showed a high crystallinity of 83.42%. An appearance of a sharp endothermal peak at 323 °C in DSC and decomposition patterns between 310-420 °C of TGA confirms the presence of cellulose. Further, Sulphuric acid hydrolysis was employed to produce SCNCs and examined by TEM for the morphology and by HPLC for the presence of glucose.