RESUMEN
Distributed fiber sensing (DFS) can provide real-time signals and warnings. The entire length of fiber optic cable can act as a sensing element, but the accuracy is sometimes limited. On the other hand, point-to-point fiber sensing (PPFS) is usually implemented using one or more fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) at specific positions along with the fiber for the monitoring of specific parameters (temperature, strain, pressure, and so on). However, the cost becomes expensive when the number of FBGs increases. A hybrid fiber sensing scheme is thus proposed, combining the advantages of DFS and PPFS. It is based on a Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) fiber system with additional FBGs embedded at certain positions where it is necessary to detect specific parameters. The hybrid fiber sensing system has the advantages of full sensing coverage at essential locations that need to be carefully monitored. In our work, the test results showed that the proposed system could achieve a sensing distance of 16 km with the single-mode fiber with a 2 m spatial resolution. For FBG parameter measurements, the temperature variation was 52 °C, from 25 °C to 77 °C, with a temperature sensitivity of 23 pm/°C, and the strain was from 0 to 400 µÎµ, with a strain sensitivity of 0.975 pm/µÎµ, respectively, using two FBGs.
RESUMEN
WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WOX1) participates in tumor suppression and many other biologic functions, but its molecular and functional interactions with viral proteins remain largely unknown. This study reveals that WOX1 is physically associated with latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), an oncoprotein of Epstein-Barr virus. The molecular interaction involves the tyrosine residue 33 of WOX1 and the proline-rich motifs of LMP2A. Interestingly, endogenous WOX1 is required for some LMP2A-triggered, cancer-promoting effects, including activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and promotion of cell invasion. Upon knockdown of endogenous WOX1, LMP2A-triggered MMP9 induction is restored by exogenous wild-type WOX1, but not by a WOX1 mutant defective in LMP2A binding. These results indicate that, through interaction with LMP2A, WOX1 is involved in MMP9 induction, suggesting a novel role of WOX1 in Epstein-Barr virus-associated cancer progression.
Asunto(s)
Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Oxidorreductasas/fisiología , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/fisiología , Regulación hacia Arriba , Proteínas de la Matriz Viral/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Humanos , Invasividad Neoplásica , Oxidorreductasas/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Oxidorreductasa que Contiene Dominios WWRESUMEN
Levamisole, an immunomodulator and anthelmintic medication, has been used in dermatology for years. Even though the adverse effects are usually mild and reversible, attention should be paid toward severe events such as vasculitis and neutropenia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report on a patient presenting with myopathy caused by levamisole. Here, we report a 34-year-old woman with recalcitrant warts who received levamisole 100 mg daily for 5 days. Subsequently, bilateral lower limb weakness accompanied by multiple painful and non-blanchable purpura was noted. Levamisole-induced myopathy and leukocytoclastic vasculitis were diagnosed by skin histopathology, direct immunofluorescence, and electromyography. After discontinuing levamisole and giving a short course of systemic steroid, these symptoms demonstrated a resolving trend.
Asunto(s)
Antihelmínticos/efectos adversos , Levamisol/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Musculares/inducido químicamente , Vasculitis/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Electromiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Debilidad Muscular/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Musculares/diagnóstico , Neutropenia/inducido químicamente , Piel/patología , Vasculitis/patología , Verrugas/complicaciones , Verrugas/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) suppresses the production of androgen, and ADT is broadly used for intermediate or higher risk disease including advanced and metastatic cancer. ADT is associated with numerous adverse effects derived from the pharmacological properties. Previous meta-analysis on fracture risk among ADT users possessed limited data without further subgroup analysis. Risk estimation of updated real-world evidence on ADT-related fracture remains unknown. Objectives: To assess the risk of fracture and fracture requiring hospitalization associated with ADT among prostate cancer population on different disease conditions, treatment regimen, dosage level, fracture sites. Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases were systematically screened for eligible cohort studies published from inception to March 2020. Two authors independently reviewed all the included studies. The risks of any fracture and of fracture requiring hospitalization were assessed using a random-effects model, following by leave-one-out, stratified, and sensitivity analyses. The Grading of Recommendations Assessments, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) system was used to grade the certainty of evidence. Results: Sixteen eligible studies were included, and total population was 519,168 men. ADT use is associated with increasing fracture risk (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26-1.52) and fracture requiring hospitalization (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.29-1.88). Stratified analysis revealed that high-dose ADT results in an elevated risk of fracture with little statistical heterogeneity, whereas sensitivity analysis restricted to adjust for additional factors indicated increased fracture risks for patients with unknown stage prostate cancer or with no restriction on age with minimal heterogeneity. The GRADE level of evidence was moderate for any fracture and low for fracture requiring hospitalization. Conclusion: Cumulative evidence supports the association of elevated fracture risk with ADT among patients with prostate cancer, including those with different disease conditions, treatment regimens, dose levels, and fracture sites. Further prospective trials with intact information on potential risk factors on fracture under ADT use are warranted to identify the risky population.
RESUMEN
In the IoT environment, many terminal devices are deployed in unattended areas. If these devices are moved elsewhere by an attacker, the wrong environmental sensing values are obtained, which causes a major disaster. In this paper, we propose an ambient authentication mechanism based on audio to be used in multi-factor authentication by using the ambient sensors equipped with a smart phone. An ultrasonic signal that is not detectable by the human ear was transmitted by the authenti-cator, and the attenuated signal received by the user being authenticated was transmitted back to the authentication server. The transmitted and received decoded symbol sequences of the audio signal are used to calculated the bit error rate, which is used to measure the relative distance. Our proposed method can narrow the authentication distance to less than 0.5 meters, which can greatly improve the security of the authentication system.
RESUMEN
The rs2004640 single nucleotide polymorphism and the CGGGG copy-number variant (rs77571059) are promoter polymorphisms within interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5). They have been implicated as susceptibility factors for several autoimmune diseases. IRF5 uses alternative promoter splicing, where any of 4 first exons begin the mRNA. The CGGGG indel is in exon 1A's promoter; the rs2004640 allele creates a splicing recognition site, enabling usage of exon 1B. This study aimed at characterizing alterations in IRF5 mRNA due to these polymorphisms. Cells with risk polymorphisms exhibited ~2-fold higher levels of IRF5 mRNA and protein, but demonstrated no change in mRNA stability. Quantitative PCR demonstrated decreased usage of exons 1C and 1D in cell lines with the risk polymorphisms. RNA folding analysis revealed a hairpin in exon 1B; mutational analysis showed that the hairpin shape decreased translation 5-fold. Although translation of mRNA that uses exon 1B is low due to a hairpin, increased IRF5 mRNA levels in individuals with the rs2004640 risk allele lead to higher overall protein expression. In addition, several new splice variants of IRF5 were sequenced. IRF5's promoter polymorphisms alter first exon usage and increase transcription levels. High levels of IRF5 may bias the immune system toward autoimmunity.