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1.
Cell ; 172(3): 618-628.e13, 2018 01 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29307492

RESUMEN

Peptides have great potential to combat antibiotic resistance. While many platforms can screen peptides for their ability to bind to target cells, there are virtually no platforms that directly assess the functionality of peptides. This limitation is exacerbated when identifying antimicrobial peptides because the phenotype, death, selects against itself and has caused a scientific bottleneck that confines research to a few naturally occurring classes of antimicrobial peptides. We have used this seeming dissonance to develop Surface Localized Antimicrobial Display (SLAY), a platform that allows screening of unlimited numbers of peptides of any length, composition, and structure in a single tube for antimicrobial activity. Using SLAY, we screened ∼800,000 random peptide sequences for antimicrobial function and identified thousands of active sequences, dramatically increasing the number of known antimicrobial sequences. SLAY hits present with different potential mechanisms of peptide action and access to areas of antimicrobial physicochemical space beyond what nature has evolved. VIDEO ABSTRACT.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Descubrimiento de Drogas/métodos , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Biblioteca de Péptidos , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Escherichia coli , Ratones
2.
Exp Aging Res ; : 1-19, 2023 Dec 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38126198

RESUMEN

This study examined the combined influence of assimilation and contrast effects on the memory self-efficacy and objective memory of young (ages 18-25, n = 114), middle-age (ages 26-59, n = 48), and older (ages 60-98, n = 59) adults. We reminded participants that they matched positive, not negative, memory-relevant or memory-irrelevant stereotypes of aging either before (experimental conditions) or after (control condition) they completed a memory self-efficacy questionnaire and took a memory test. Participants exposed to memory-relevant aging stereotypes prior to other measures reported higher memory self-efficacy than those exposed to memory-irrelevant stereotypes; this effect did not depend on age group. In contrast, the effect of stereotype exposure on memory performance differed with age. Young and older, but not middle-aged, adults showed differences in their memory scores depending on whether they were exposed to memory-relevant, memory-irrelevant or no aging stereotypes. In general, exposure to stereotypes (particularly those relevant to memory) had a negative influence on memory that contrasted with its positive effect on memory self-efficacy. Together, these results indicate that exposure to aging stereotypes can have opposing effects on the memory self-efficacy and objective test performance of adults of various ages and that the relevance of the stereotypes to the cognitive domain being assessed matters.

3.
J Public Health Manag Pract ; 22(6): E1-7, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26295197

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Examine overall level of and variation in local health department (LHD) use and perceived impact of the County Health Rankings report (Rankings) in Florida (2010, 2011) and North Carolina (2010-2012, 2013). DESIGN: Two cross-sectional surveys among LHDs. PARTICIPANTS: Local health directors and relevant staff. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Use of the Rankings was measured by asking respondents if their LHD had used the Rankings in any of 10 ways and through assessment of community engagement. Perceived impact was measured by amount of attention the Rankings received from various stakeholders and whether they had already produced or would likely produce any of 7 possible results. RESULTS: Overall, LHDs used the Rankings most often to educate staff in Florida (78%) and North Carolina (56%). Engagement with community groups around the Rankings was variable. Media engagement, through press releases (41%; 40%) or interviews (51%; 36%) in Florida and North Carolina, was moderate. Florida LHDs used the Rankings in more ways and significantly more frequently than North Carolina LHDs. There were few significant differences in perceived impact by state. At least a moderate amount of attention was received from media in Florida (52%) and North Carolina (46%). Twenty-percent of LHDs reported the Rankings received at least moderate attention from the general public in both states and 38% (Florida) and 33% (North Carolina) from policy makers. Tangible benefits to communities from the Rankings, such as having already influenced adoption of new policies, were modest in Florida (3%) and North Carolina (11%). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that tangible benefits to communities from use of the Rankings have yet to be fully realized but are encouraging. More effective media engagement could produce the community awareness necessary to maximize the Rankings' potential to mobilize communities for health improvement. State variation in Rankings use suggests that more support to LHDs may be helpful.


Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud/normas , Gobierno Local , Percepción , Salud Pública/normas , Estudios Transversales , Florida , Humanos , North Carolina , Salud Pública/tendencias , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
4.
J Public Health Manag Pract ; 22(4): E21-8, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26480282

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To describe levels of partnership between local health departments (LHDs) and other community organizations in maternal and child health (MCH), communicable disease prevention, and chronic disease control and to assess LHD organizational characteristics and community factors that contribute to partnerships. DATA SOURCES: Data were drawn from the National Association of County & City Health Officials' 2013 National Profile Study (Profile Study) and the Area Health Resources File. LHDs that received module 1 of the Profile Study were asked to describe the level of partnership in MCH, communicable disease prevention, and chronic disease control. Levels of partnership included "not involved," "networking," "coordinating," "cooperating," and "collaborating," with "collaborating" as the highest level of partnership. Covariates included both LHD organizational and community factors. Data analyses were conducted using Stata 13 SVY procedures to account for the Profile Study's survey design. RESULTS: About 82%, 92%, and 80% of LHDs partnered with other organizations in MCH, communicable disease prevention, and chronic disease control programs, respectively. LHDs having a public health physician on staff were more likely to partner in chronic disease control programs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-5.25). Larger per capita expenditure was also associated with partnerships in MCH (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.22-4.86) and chronic disease prevention programs (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.09-2.86). Completion of a community health assessment was associated with partnership in MCH (AOR = 7.26; 95% CI, 2.90-18.18), and chronic disease prevention (AOR = 5.10; 95% CI, 2.28-11.39). CONCLUSION: About 1 in 5 LHDs did not have any partnerships in chronic disease control. LHD partnerships should be promoted to improve care coordination and utilization of limited health care resources. Factors that might promote LHDs' partnerships include having a public health physician on staff, higher per capita expenditure, and completion of a community health assessment. Community context likely influences types and levels of partnerships. A better understanding of these contextual factors may lead to more complete and effective LHD partnerships.


Asunto(s)
Prevención Primaria/métodos , Salud Pública/métodos , Asociación entre el Sector Público-Privado/normas , Prevención Secundaria/métodos , Enfermedad Crónica/prevención & control , Enfermedad Crónica/terapia , Enfermedades Transmisibles/terapia , Conducta Cooperativa , Atención a la Salud/métodos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Servicios de Salud Materno-Infantil/economía , Servicios de Salud Materno-Infantil/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicios de Salud Materno-Infantil/provisión & distribución , Oportunidad Relativa , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Prevención Primaria/organización & administración , Prevención Secundaria/organización & administración , Estados Unidos
5.
Del Med J ; 87(12): 366-9, 2015 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26852433

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The use of computed tomography (CT) scanning in trauma has tripled in the past decade in adults and children alike. There is growing concern about the long-term risks of radiation delivery in childhood. There is little information in the literature on radiation exposure during extremity CT in children. This study evaluated the radiation dose and geographic bodily exposure to the child/adolescent during extremity CT. METHODS: A retrospective review of 163 patients (girls aged 0.5-19 years and boys aged 3.1-19 years) who sustained an orthopedic extremity injury that required a CT scan in 2012 was performed. Data collected included sex, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), joint, upper extremity position, body position, scout start, scout end, CTDIvol (mGy), and dose length product (CTDLP (mGy-cm)). RESULTS: Lower extremity scans were more frequent (124/163, 76 percent) and had higher radiation doses overall. Only the elbow varied for upper extermity positioning. Five of nine were on the side of body with a corresponding 66 percent lower mean radiation dose. All lower extremity scans were in the supine position. Scout CT start and end varied among all joints except for femur to tibia. CONCLUSIONS: Lower extremity CT scans had the highest radiation doses. Variability in positioning and delineation of scout contributed to variation in radiation exposure of extremity and adjacent body area. Improved localization and consistent positioning can effectively lower radiation exposure in children undergoing extremity CT scan.


Asunto(s)
Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Múltiples/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos por Radiación/epidemiología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Fracturas Óseas/epidemiología , Fracturas Múltiples/epidemiología , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Pediatría/organización & administración , Dosis de Radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación/prevención & control , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/efectos adversos
6.
Adv Healthc Mater ; : e2303912, 2024 Mar 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38470994

RESUMEN

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition with limited treatment options. Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising treatment option, and the identification of novel biomaterial scaffolds that support NPC engraftment and therapeutic activity is a top research priority. The objective of this study is to evaluate in situ assembled poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based granular hydrogels for NPC delivery in a murine model of SCI. Microgel precursors are synthesized by using thiol-norbornene click chemistry to react four-armed PEG-amide-norbornene with enzymatically degradable and cell adhesive peptides. Unreacted norbornene groups are utilized for in situ assembly into scaffolds using a PEG-di-tetrazine linker. The granular hydrogel scaffolds exhibit good biocompatibility and do not adversely affect the inflammatory response after SCI. Moreover, when used to deliver NPCs, the granular hydrogel scaffolds supported NPC engraftment, do not adversely affect the immune response to the NPC grafts, and successfully support graft differentiation toward neuronal or astrocytic lineages as well as axonal extension into the host tissue. Collectively, these data establish PEG-based granular hydrogel scaffolds as a suitable biomaterial platform for NPC delivery and justify further testing, particularly in the context of more severe SCI.

7.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 431(2): 253-7, 2013 Feb 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23313475

RESUMEN

To fully understand the modes of action of multi-protein complexes, it is essential to determine their overall global architecture and the specific relationships between domains and subunits. The transcription factor AbrB is a functional homotetramer consisting of two domains per monomer. Obtaining the high-resolution structure of tetrameric AbrB has been extremely challenging due to the independent character of these domains. To facilitate the structure determination process, we solved the NMR structures of both domains independently and utilized gas-phase cleavable chemical crosslinking and LC/MS(n) analysis to correctly position the domains within the full tetrameric AbrB protein structure.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/química , Reactivos de Enlaces Cruzados/química , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/química , Factores de Transcripción/química , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Cromatografía Liquida , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem
8.
J Chem Phys ; 139(10): 104907, 2013 Sep 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24050365

RESUMEN

We examine the effect of pendant architecture on linear polyelectrolytes in solution using molecular dynamics simulations. A comparison is done between the standard bead-spring polyelectrolyte system and a system which has the charged beads pendant to neutral backbone beads. Recent simulations of ionomer melts have found significant differences in the structure between the two architectures, but we find the structure is not dramatically affected by the different geometry. In general, the backbone architecture is slightly more compact than the pendant architecture. The counterion condensation is typically larger for the backbone systems, which yields the more compact structures. Only when both the Bjerrum length is much larger than the spacing between charges and the spacing between pendants is twice the backbone bead spacing, is the peak in the monomer-counterion radial distribution function larger for the pendant architecture. The radius of gyration for the pendant remains larger than backbone architecture because of the extra excluded volume of the pendant.

9.
Neurosci Insights ; 18: 26331055231153128, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36798608

RESUMEN

Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising potential therapy for replacing spinal cord neurons and glial cells following spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite the rapid advancement of NPC transplantation to SCI clinical trials, we still lack understanding of fundamental biology underlying how NPC grafts interact with the injured host nervous system. Our recent study demonstrated a potent effect of biological sex mismatch between donor and host on graft immune rejection. Here we discuss the implications of this study in the context of clinical trials for SCI, and important topics for future research in SCI cell transplantation.

10.
J Neurotrauma ; 40(23-24): 2487-2499, 2023 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37597207

RESUMEN

Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects millions of people worldwide. Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising treatment for regenerating lost spinal cord tissue and restoring neurological function after SCI. We conducted a literature search and found that less than a quarter of experimental rodent cell and tissue transplantation studies have investigated anatomical outcomes at longer than 4 months post-transplantation. This is a critical topic to investigate, given that stem and progenitor cell therapies would need to remain in place throughout the lifetime of an individual. We sought to determine how commonly assessed anatomical outcomes evolve between early and far chronic time-points post-NPC transplantation. At either 8 weeks or 26 weeks following transplantation of NPCs into sites of cervical SCI, we evaluated graft neuronal density, astroglial cell density, graft axon outgrowth, and regeneration of host axon populations into grafts in male and female mice. We found that graft neuronal density does not change over time, but the numbers of graft-associated astrocytes and glial fibrillary acidic protein intensity is significantly increased in the far chronic phase compared with the early chronic time-point. In addition, graft axon outgrowth was significantly decreased at 26 weeks post-transplantation compared with 8 weeks post-transplantation. In contrast, corticospinal axon regeneration into grafts was not diminished over time, but rather increased significantly from early to far chronic periods. Interestingly, we found that graft neuronal density is significantly influenced by sex of the host animal, suggesting that sex-dependent processes may shape graft composition over time. Collectively, these results demonstrate that NPC transplants are dynamic and that commonly assessed outcome measures associated with graft efficacy evolve over the weeks to months post-transplantation into the spinal cord.


Asunto(s)
Células-Madre Neurales , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Ratones , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Animales , Axones/fisiología , Regeneración Nerviosa/fisiología , Células-Madre Neurales/trasplante , Médula Espinal , Neuronas , Trasplante de Células Madre/métodos
11.
BMC Res Notes ; 16(1): 199, 2023 Sep 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37684680

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Schistosomiasis remains a chronic disease of global importance, especially in many rural areas of the world where co-infection with Plasmodium falciparum is common. It is critical to decipher the role of single or co-infected disease scenarios on immune system regulation in such individuals and how such co-infections can either ameliorate or complicate immune response and the consequent disease outcome. First, 10 ml of urine samples, collected between 10:00 am and 2:00 pm, was filtered for diagnosis of schistosomiasis, while egg count, indicative of disease severity, was determined by microscopy. Furthermore, genomic DNA samples extracted from dried blood spots collected on filter paper from one hundred and forty-four Schistosoma haematobium-infected school-children was tested for P. falciparum parasite positivity by an allele-specific nested-PCR analysis of merozoite surface protein (msp)-1 and -2 genes and a real-time PCR assay. In addition, among P. falciparum parasite-positive individuals, we carried out a Taqman SNP genotyping assay to extrapolate the effect of host CD14 (-159 C/T; rs2569190) genetic variants on schistosome egg count. RESULTS: Of the 144 individuals recruited, P. falciparum parasite positivity with msp-1 gene were 34%, 43% and 55% for MAD20, RO33 and K1 alleles respectively. Of the co-infected individuals, CD14 genetic variants ranged from 18.8% vs 21.5%, 33.3% vs 44.4%, 9.7% vs 11.8% for single versus schistosome co-infection for the wild type (CC), heterozygous (CT) and mutant (TT) variants respectively. Though the mean egg count for co-infected individuals with CD14 wild type (33.7 eggs per 10 ml of urine) and heterozygote variants (37.5 eggs per 10 ml of urine) were lower than that of schistosome infection alone (52.48 and 48.08 eggs/10 ml of urine respectively), it lacked statistical significance (p-value 0.12 and 0.29), possibly reflecting the benefit of the CD14 activation in schistosome plus malaria co-infection and not schistosome infection alone. In addition, the lower mean egg count in co-infected individuals reveal the benefit of downstream Th1 immune response mitigated by CD14 innate activation that is absent in schistosome infection alone.


Asunto(s)
Coinfección , Malaria Falciparum , Malaria , Esquistosomiasis Urinaria , Humanos , Animales , Niño , Schistosoma haematobium/genética , Coinfección/genética , Esquistosomiasis Urinaria/complicaciones , Esquistosomiasis Urinaria/epidemiología , Malaria Falciparum/complicaciones , Malaria Falciparum/epidemiología , Malaria Falciparum/genética , Instituciones Académicas
12.
Commun Biol ; 6(1): 544, 2023 05 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37208439

RESUMEN

Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for replacing lost neurons following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, how graft cellular composition influences regeneration and synaptogenesis of host axon populations, or recovery of motor and sensory functions after SCI, is poorly understood. We transplanted developmentally-restricted spinal cord NPCs, isolated from E11.5-E13.5 mouse embryos, into sites of adult mouse SCI and analyzed graft axon outgrowth, cellular composition, host axon regeneration, and behavior. Earlier-stage grafts exhibited greater axon outgrowth, enrichment for ventral spinal cord interneurons and Group-Z spinal interneurons, and enhanced host 5-HT+ axon regeneration. Later-stage grafts were enriched for late-born dorsal horn interneuronal subtypes and Group-N spinal interneurons, supported more extensive host CGRP+ axon ingrowth, and exacerbated thermal hypersensitivity. Locomotor function was not affected by any type of NPC graft. These findings showcase the role of spinal cord graft cellular composition in determining anatomical and functional outcomes following SCI.


Asunto(s)
Células-Madre Neurales , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Ratones , Animales , Axones/fisiología , Regeneración Nerviosa , Células-Madre Neurales/fisiología , Neuronas/fisiología , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/terapia
13.
Drug Chem Toxicol ; 35(3): 310-5, 2012 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22292413

RESUMEN

Biofilm formation is a ubiquitous bacterial defense mechanism and has been shown to be a primary element in the antibiotic resistance of many human diseases, especially in the case of nosocomial infections. Recently, we have developed several compound libraries that are extremely effective at both dispersing preexisting biofilms and also inhibiting their initial formation. In addition to their antibiofilm properties, some of these molecules are able to resensitize resistant bacterial strains to previously ineffective antibiotics and are being assessed as adjuvants. In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of three of our most effective 2-aminoimidazole compounds (dihydrosventrin, RA, and SPAR) using a rapid pipeline that combines a series of assays. A methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium assay, using the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line was used to determine epidermal irritants and was combined with Caenorhabditis elegans fecundity assays that demonstrated the effects of environmental exposure to various concentrations of these molecules. In each case, the assays showed that the compounds did not exhibit toxicity until they reached well above their current biofilm dispersion/inhibition concentrations. The most effective antibiofilm compound also had significant effects when used in conjunction with several standard antibiotics against resistant bacteria. Consequently, it was further investigated using the C. elegans assay in combination with different antibiotics and was found to maintain the same low level of toxicity as when acting alone, bolstering its candidacy for further testing as an adjuvant.


Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Farmacéuticos/toxicidad , Antibacterianos/toxicidad , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Imidazoles/toxicidad , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Caenorhabditis elegans , Línea Celular , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Fertilidad/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Imidazoles/farmacología , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Sales de Tetrazolio , Tiazoles , Pruebas de Toxicidad
14.
eNeuro ; 9(6)2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36265906

RESUMEN

Hb9 (Mnx1) is a transcription factor described as a spinal cord motor neuron (MN)-specific marker and critical factor for the postmitotic specification of these cells. To date, expression of Hb9 in other cell types has not been reported. We performed a fate-mapping approach to examine distributions of Hb9-expressing cells and their progeny ("Hb9-lineage cells") within the embryonic and adult spinal cord of Hb9cre;Ai14 mice. We found that Hb9-lineage cells are distributed in a gradient of increasing abundance throughout the rostrocaudal spinal cord axis during embryonic and postnatal stages. Furthermore, although the majority of Hb9-lineage cells at cervical spinal cord levels are MNs, at more caudal levels, Hb9-lineage cells include small-diameter dorsal horn neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In the peripheral nervous system, we observed a similar phenomenon with more abundant Hb9-lineage Schwann cells in muscles of the lower body versus upper body muscles. We cultured spinal cord progenitors in vitro and found that gliogenesis was increased by treatment with the caudalizing factor FGF-8B, while glial tdTomato expression was increased by treatment with both FGF-8B and GDF-11. Together, these observations suggest that early and transient expression of Hb9 in spinal cord neural progenitors may be induced by caudalizing factors such as FGF and GDF signaling. Furthermore, our work raises the possibility that early Hb9 expression may influence the development of spinal cord macroglia and Schwann cells, especially at caudal regions. Together, these findings highlight the importance of using caution when designing experiments using Hb9cre mice to perform spinal cord MN-specific manipulations.


Asunto(s)
Médula Espinal , Factores de Transcripción , Ratones , Animales , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Linaje de la Célula/fisiología , Ratones Transgénicos , Médula Espinal/metabolismo , Neuronas Motoras/fisiología , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo
15.
Nat Commun ; 13(1): 5380, 2022 09 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36104357

RESUMEN

Despite advancement of neural progenitor cell transplantation to spinal cord injury clinical trials, there remains a lack of understanding of how biological sex of transplanted cells influences outcomes after transplantation. To address this, we transplanted GFP-expressing sex-matched, sex-mismatched, or mixed donor cells into sites of spinal cord injury in adult male and female mice. Biological sex of the donor cells does not influence graft neuron density, glial differentiation, formation of the reactive glial cell border, or graft axon outgrowth. However, male grafts in female hosts feature extensive hypervascularization accompanied by increased vascular diameter and perivascular cell density. We show greater T-cell infiltration within male-to-female grafts than other graft types. Together, these findings indicate a biological sex-specific immune response of female mice to male donor cells. Our work suggests that biological sex should be considered in the design of future clinical trials for cell transplantation in human injury.


Asunto(s)
Células-Madre Neurales , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Células-Madre Neurales/trasplante , Neuroglía , Neuronas , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/terapia , Trasplante de Células Madre
16.
Mar Drugs ; 9(10): 2010-2035, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22073007

RESUMEN

Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities of microorganisms that are protected by an extracellular matrix of biomolecules. In the biofilm state, bacteria are significantly more resistant to external assault, including attack by antibiotics. In their native environment, bacterial biofilms underpin costly biofouling that wreaks havoc on shipping, utilities, and offshore industry. Within a host environment, they are insensitive to antiseptics and basic host immune responses. It is estimated that up to 80% of all microbial infections are biofilm-based. Biofilm infections of indwelling medical devices are of particular concern, since once the device is colonized, infection is almost impossible to eliminate. Given the prominence of biofilms in infectious diseases, there is a notable effort towards developing small, synthetically available molecules that will modulate bacterial biofilm development and maintenance. Here, we highlight the development of small molecules that inhibit and/or disperse bacterial biofilms specifically through non-microbicidal mechanisms. Importantly, we discuss several sets of compounds derived from marine sponges that we are developing in our labs to address the persistent biofilm problem. We will discuss: discovery/synthesis of natural products and their analogues-including our marine sponge-derived compounds and initial adjuvant activity and toxicological screening of our novel anti-biofilm compounds.


Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Poríferos/química , Animales , Antiinfecciosos/síntesis química , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/aislamiento & purificación , Incrustaciones Biológicas/prevención & control
17.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 21899, 2021 11 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34753991

RESUMEN

Pre- and post-transcriptional modifications of gene expression are emerging as foci of disease studies, with some studies revealing the importance of non-coding transcripts, like long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). We hypothesize that transcription factors (TFs), lncRNAs and miRNAs modulate immune response in bovine mastitis and could potentially serve as disease biomarkers and/or drug targets. With computational analyses, we identified candidate genes potentially regulated by miRNAs and lncRNAs base pair complementation and thermodynamic stability of binding regions. Remarkably, we found six miRNAs, two being bta-miR-223 and bta-miR-24-3p, to bind to several targets. LncRNAs NONBTAT027932.1 and XR_003029725.1, were identified to target several genes. Functional and pathway analyses revealed lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway, regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production and regulation of IL-23 production among others. The overarching interactome deserves further in vitro/in vivo explication for specific molecular regulatory mechanisms during bovine mastitis immune response and could lay the foundation for development of disease markers and therapeutic intervention.


Asunto(s)
Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Mastitis Bovina/genética , MicroARNs/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Animales , Bovinos , Ontología de Genes , Mastitis Bovina/inmunología , Termodinámica
18.
J Phys Chem A ; 114(36): 9628-34, 2010 Sep 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20402488

RESUMEN

The long-time correlation functions of an infinitesimally thin needle moving through stationary point scatterers-a so-called Lorentz model-exhibits surprisingly long-time tails. These long-time tails are now seen to persist in a two-dimensional model even when the needle has a finite thickness. If the needles are too thick, then the needles are effectively trapped at all nontrivial densities of the scatterers. At needle widths approximately equal to or smaller than sigma = epsilon/20 where ε is the average spacing between scatterers, the needle diffuses and exhibits the crossover transition from the expected Enskog behavior to the enhanced translation diffusion seen earlier by Höfling, Frey and Franosch [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008 , 101 , 120605 ]. At this needle width, an increase in its center-of-mass diffusion with respect to increasing density is seen after a crossover density of n* approximately 5 is reached. (The reduced density n* is defined as n* = nL(2) where n is the number density of particles and L is the needle length.) The crossover transition for needles with finite thickness is spread over a range of densities exhibiting intermediate behavior. The asymptotic divergence of the center of mass diffusion is suppressed compared to that of infinitely thin needles. Finally, a new diminished diffusion regime, apparently due to the increased importance of head-on collisions, now appears at high scattering densities.

19.
Pediatrics ; 145(1)2020 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31818865

RESUMEN

The increasing prevalence of behavioral and/or mental health (B/MH) problems among children, adolescents, and young adults is rapidly forcing the pediatric community to examine its professional responsibility in response to this epidemic. Stakeholders involved in pediatric workforce training were brought together in April 2018, invited by the American Board of Pediatrics and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, to consider facilitators and barriers for pediatrician training to enhance care for B/MH problems and to catalyze commitment to improvement efforts. During the interactive meeting, parents, young adult patients, and trainees, together with leaders of pediatric training programs and health care organizations, acknowledged the growing B/MH epidemic and discussed past and current efforts to improve training and care, including integrated delivery models. Attendees committed in writing to making a change within their department or organization to improve training. There also was agreement that organizations that set the standards for training and certification bear some responsibility to ensure that future pediatricians are prepared to meet the needs of children and adolescents. Reports on commitments to change 12 months after the meeting indicated that although attendees had encountered a variety of barriers, many had creatively moved forward to improve training at the program or organizational level. This article describes the context for the April 2018 meeting, themes arising from the meeting, results from the commitments to change, and 3 case studies. Taken together, they suggest we, as a pediatric community, can and must collaborate to improve training and, by extension, care.


Asunto(s)
Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Evaluación de Necesidades , Pediatras/educación , Desarrollo de Programa , Acreditación , Adolescente , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/terapia , Curriculum , Docentes Médicos/educación , Predicción , Implementación de Plan de Salud , Prioridades en Salud , Recursos en Salud/provisión & distribución , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Salud Mental , Padres , Pediatría/educación , Rol del Médico , Adulto Joven
20.
Diseases ; 8(4)2020 Oct 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33114600

RESUMEN

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disease that has multiple aspects including public health and clinical aspects. The goals of the research study were to (1) understand the public health aspects of sickle cell disease, and (2) understand the overlap between public health aspects and clinical aspects that can inform research and practice beneficial to stakeholders in sickle cell disease management. The approach involved the construction of datasets from textual data sources produced by experts on sickle cell disease including from landmark publications published in 2020 on sickle cell disease in the United States. The interactive analytics of the integrated datasets that we produced identified that community-based approaches are common to both public health and clinical aspects of sickle cell disease. An interactive visualization that we produced can aid the understanding of the alignment of governmental organizations to recommendations for addressing sickle cell disease in the United States. From a global perspective, the interactive analytics of the integrated datasets can support the knowledge transfer stage of the SICKLE recommendations (Skills transfer, Increasing self-efficacy, Coordination, Knowledge transfer, Linking to adult services, and Evaluating readiness) for effective pediatric to adult transition care for patients with sickle cell disease. Considering the increased digital transformations resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the constructed datasets from expert recommendations can be integrated within remote digital platforms that expand access to care for individuals living with sickle cell disease. Finally, the interactive analytics of integrated expert recommendations on sickle cell disease management can support individual and team expertise for effective community-based research and practice.

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