Assessment of the coordination of integrated health service delivery networks by the primary health care: COPAS questionnaire validation in the Brazilian context.

BACKGROUND: Health systems organized as networks and coordinated by the Primary Health Care (PHC) may contribute to the improvement of clinical care, sanitary conditions, satisfaction of patients and reduction of local budget expenditures. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate a questionnaire - COPAS - to assess the coordination of Integrated Health Service Delivery Networks by the Primary Health Care. METHODS: A cross sectional approach was used. The population was pooled from Family Health Strategy healthcare professionals, of the Alfenas region (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Data collection was performed from August to October 2013. The results were checked for the presence of floor and ceiling effects and the internal consistency measured through Cronbach alpha. Construct validity was verified through convergent and discriminant values following Multitrait-Multimethod (MTMM) analysis. RESULTS: Floor and ceiling effects were absent. The internal consistency of the instrument was satisfactory; as was the convergent validity, with a few correlations lower then 0.30. The discriminant validity values of the majority of items, with respect to their own dimension, were found to be higher or significantly higher than their correlations with the dimensions to which they did not belong. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the COPAS instrument has satisfactory initial psychometric properties and may be used by healthcare managers and workers to assess the PHC coordination performance within the Integrated Health Service Delivery Network.

[Tuberculosis and social inequity in health: an ecological study using multivariate statistical techniques, São Paulo, Brazil]. / Tuberculose e iniquidade social em saúde: uma análise ecológica utilizando técnicas estatísticas multivariadas, São Paulo, Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the patterns of São Paulo state municipalities, in Brazil, regarding the relationship between tuberculosis and indicators of health care services, health care service availability, context, and social inequality. METHODS: This ecological study covered all 645 municipalities of São Paulo and eight variables belonging to three dimensions: health care service availability, context, and social inequality. Data were analyzed using hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering, principal components analysis, and geoprocessing. RESULTS: The analysis revealed five groups of municipalities: group 1 (117 municipalities), with similar directly observed treatment (DOT) and family health strategy (FHS) coverage, high tuberculosis incidence and death coefficients, and a low human development index (HDI); group 2 (142 municipalities), with low DOT and FHS coverage; group 3 (36 municipalities), with medium DOT and FHS coverage and high tuberculosis incidence, high demand for anti-HIV testing, and treatment dropout; group 4 (186 municipalities) with lower HDI as compared to groups 2, 3, and 5, but high FHS coverage and the lowest numbers of anti-HIV testing, tuberculosis incidence, and DOT coverage; and group 5 (164 municipalities), with better social conditions as compared to the other groups, medium FHS coverage, and higher DOT coverage. Together, the first two components selected for the study-health service availability in terms of DOT coverage indicator and social inequality indicator-explained 76.96% of the variance. In municipalities with high DOT coverage there was evidence of better organized tuberculosis control services. CONCLUSIONS: Municipalities with the highest social inequality had FHS coverage. However, without DOT, FHS seem less efficient to control tuberculosis.

[Teamwork in primary care: the experience of Portugal]. / Trabalho em equipe na atenção primária: a experiência de Portugal.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the work of health care teams delivering primary care in Portugal. METHODS: We performed an evaluative research project, with a qualitative case study design. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and analysis of documents. We interviewed managers, workers, and users in 11 family health units (USF) in Portugal, for a total of 71 participants. Content analysis was used to assess the interviews. RESULTS: Teams included a physician, a nurse, and an administrative employee. Each team was in charge of 1 250 to 2 060 users. A striking characteristic of the Portuguese experience was the voluntary and autonomous setup of teams at the USF, based on personal affinity. The services provided at the USF included a basic "service package" as well as activities of surveillance, health promotion, disease prevention, care of acute disease, clinical follow-up of patients with chronic or multiple diseases, home care, and networking with other services (hospital care). Difficulties in providing home care were reported. Electronic systems were widely available. According to interviewees, the changes resulting from the implementation of USF included improved user access to services, higher quality of care, and goal-oriented teamwork, guided by an action plan. CONCLUSIONS: Even without a coordinating role in the health care network, the delivery of primary health care through teams was positively evaluated in Portugal as promoting increased access, continuity, and humanization of health services.

Care of People with Post-COVID-19 Sequelae in the Scope of Primary Health Care: Scoping Review Protocol.

The sequelae of COVID-19 disease significantly impact the quality of life of people, requiring long-term longitudinal care for recovery and rehabilitation. Primary health care is fundamental in the reception, monitoring, and multi-professional follow-up of post-COVID-19 symptoms and complications. This study proposes a scoping review protocol to identify and map the care process of monitoring and multi-professional follow-up of post-COVID-19 sequelae within the scope of primary health care worldwide. This protocol was based on the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual and guided by PRISMA-ScR. Articles, theses, dissertations, and official documents searched in several databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, Embase, and gray literature) will be included. Two independent reviewers will organize and select studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria using the Rayyan software. The selected publications will be organized and summarized using a checklist proposed by the PRISMA-ScR. Simple descriptive statistics will analyze the quantitative data, while thematic analysis will be used for the qualitative data. The final scoping review will present the main findings, challenges, limitations, and potential research gaps related to the care of people with post-COVID-19 sequelae.

Surveillance of Drinking Water Quality Worldwide: Scoping Review Protocol.

Universal access to clean and safe drinking water is essential for life maintenance since exposure to poor quality water is harmful to health. Drinking water quality is part of public health actions and, together with sanitation, a human right essential for life and a sustainable development goal. Moreover, an independent surveillance system conducted by the Ministry of Health or government agencies is needed for the safety of drinking water quality. We propose a scoping review protocol to identify and map worldwide surveillance actions and initiatives of drinking water quality implemented by government agencies or public health services. This scoping review protocol is based on the Joanna Briggs Institute manual and guided by the PRISMA-ScR. Articles, theses, dissertations, and official documents consulted in the following databases will be included: Medline/PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, Embase, Engineering Village, and gray literature. No date limit or language will be determined. The authors will develop a worksheet for data extraction. Quantitative (simple descriptive statistics) and qualitative data (thematic analysis) will be analyzed. The final scoping review will present the main findings, impacts, challenges, limitations, and possible research gaps related to surveillance of drinking water quality on population health.

Digital Health Opportunities to Improve Primary Health Care in the Context of COVID-19: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic brought social, economic, and health impacts, requiring fast adaptation of health systems. Although information and communication technologies were essential for achieving this objective, the extent to which health systems incorporated this technology is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to map the use of digital health strategies in primary health care worldwide and their impact on quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We performed a scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute manual and guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) Extension for Scoping Reviews. A systematic and comprehensive three-step search was performed in June and July 2021 in multidisciplinary health science databases and the gray literature. Data extraction and eligibility were performed by two authors independently and interpreted using thematic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 44 studies were included and six thematic groups were identified: characterization and geographic distribution of studies; nomenclatures of digital strategies adopted; types of information and communication technologies; characteristics of digital strategies in primary health care; impacts on quality of care; and benefits, limitations, and challenges of digital strategies in primary health care. The impacts on organization of quality of care were investigated by the majority of studies, demonstrating the strengthening of (1) continuity of care; (2) economic, social, geographical, time, and cultural accessibility; (3) coordination of care; (4) access; (5) integrality of care; (6) optimization of appointment time; (7) and efficiency. Negative impacts were also observed in the same dimensions, such as reduced access to services and increased inequity and unequal use of services offered, digital exclusion of part of the population, lack of planning for defining the role of professionals, disarticulation of actions with real needs of the population, fragile articulation between remote and face-to-face modalities, and unpreparedness of professionals to meet demands using digital technologies. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the positive and negative impacts of remote strategies on quality of care in primary care and the inability to take advantage of the potential of technologies. This may demonstrate differences in the organization of fast and urgent implementation of digital strategies in primary health care worldwide. Primary health care must strengthen its response capacity, expand the use of information and communication technologies, and manage challenges using scientific evidence since digital health is important and must be integrated into public service.

Effectiveness of Agreement Criteria and Flows of Collaborative Care in Primary Mental Health Care in Brazil.

The supply of mental health processes in primary care has gaps. This study aims to analyze the association of agreement criteria and flows between primary care teams and the Family Health Support Center (NASF) for mental health collaborative care, considering the difference between capital and non-capital cities in Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted based on secondary data from the Primary Care Access and Quality Improvement Program. Agreement criteria and flows were obtained from 3883 NASF teams of the matrix support or collaborative care. The Chi-square test and multiple Poisson regression were used; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Prevalence ratios of negative associations demonstrated protective factors for support actions: follow-up at Psychosocial Care Center, management of psychopharmacotherapy, offer of other therapeutic actions, care process for users of psychoactive substances, and offer of activities to prevent the use of psychoactive substances. Collaborative care in primary care was effective, and capital cities were a protective factor compared with non-capital cities.

Digital health interventions and quality of home-based primary care for older adults: A scoping review protocol.

Introduction: The use of digital health interventions has expanded, particularly in home-based primary care (HBPC), following the increase in the older adult population and the need to respond to the higher demand of chronic conditions, weakness and loss of autonomy of this population. There was an even greater demand with COVID-19 and subsequent isolation/social distancing measures for this risk group. The objective of this study is to map and identify the uses and types of digital health interventions and their reported impacts on the quality of HBPC for older adults worldwide. Methods and analysis: This is a scoping review protocol which will enable a rigorous, transparent and reliable synthesis of knowledge. The review will be developed from the theoretical perspective of Arksey and O'malley, with updates by Levac and Peters and respective collaborators based on the Joanna Briggs Institute manual, and guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Data from white literature will be extracted from multidisciplinary health databases such as: the Virtual Health Library, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cinahl and Embase; while Google Scholar will be used for gray literature. No date limit or language restrictions will be determined. The quantitative data will be analyzed through descriptive statistics and qualitative data through thematic analysis. The results will be submitted to stakeholder consultation for preliminary sharing of the study and will later be disseminated through publication in open access scientific journals, scientific events and academic and community journals. The full scoping review report will present the main impacts, challenges, opportunities and gaps found in publications related to the use of digital technologies in primary home care. Discussion: The organization of this protocol will increase the methodological rigor, quality, transparency and accuracy of scoping reviews, reducing the risk of bias.

Worldwide Surveillance Actions and Initiatives of Drinking Water Quality: A Scoping Review.

This study identified and mapped worldwide surveillance actions and initiatives of drinking water quality implemented by government agencies and public health services. The scoping review was conducted between July 2021 and August 2022 based on the Joanna Briggs Institute method. The search was performed in relevant databases and gray literature; 49 studies were retrieved. Quantitative variables were presented as absolute and relative frequencies, while qualitative variables were analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ software. The actions developed worldwide and their impacts and results generated four thematic classes: (1) assessment of coverage, accessibility, quantity, and drinking water quality in routine and emergency situations; (2) analysis of physical-chemical and microbiological parameters in public supply networks or alternative water supply solutions; (3) identification of household water contamination, communication, and education with the community; (4) and investigation of water-borne disease outbreaks. Preliminary results were shared with stakeholders to favor knowledge dissemination.

Logical model and matrix of criteria for assessing care to people with mental disorders in conflict with the law. / Modelo lógico e matriz de critérios para avaliação da assistência à pessoa com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei.

We aim to describe the construction and validation of the logical model and the matrix of criteria for assessing care to people with mental disorders in conflict with the law. This is a methodological research, carried out from February to December 2019, following three procedures: 1) theoretical - composed of an evaluability study performed from documentary research and interviews with key informants; 2) empirical - construction of the collection instrument and selection of experts for the validation process of the proposed evaluation instrument; and 3) analytical - performing two Delphi steps. The evaluability study resulted in the elaboration and agreement of the logical model; the analysis and comparison between the reality of the policy and the logical model; and the elaboration of the matrix of criteria. The criteria matrix content adequacy was assessed by 16 experts in the Delphi 1 step and 12 experts in the Delphi 2 step, whose content was validated with a Content Validity Coefficient of 0.93. The logical model and the matrix of criteria proposed in this study are expected to direct health professionals, researchers, workers, and other social actors to assess this clientele's care.

Objetiva-se descrever a construção e validação do modelo lógico e da matriz de critérios para avaliação da assistência à pessoa com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei. Trata-se de pesquisa metodológica, desenvolvida de fevereiro a dezembro de 2019, seguindo três procedimentos: 1) teóricos - composto por estudo de avaliabilidade, realizado a partir de pesquisa documental e entrevista com informantes-chave; 2) empíricos - construção do instrumento de coleta e seleção de experts para o processo de validação do instrumento de avaliação proposto; e 3) analíticos - realização de duas etapas Delphi. O estudo de avaliabilidade resultou na elaboração e pactuação do modelo lógico; na análise e comparação entre a realidade da política e o modelo lógico; e na elaboração da matriz de critérios. A adequabilidade do conteúdo da matriz de critérios foi avaliada por 16 experts na etapa Delphi 1 e por 12 na etapa Delphi 2, a qual teve seu conteúdo validado com Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,93. Espera-se que o modelo lógico e a matriz de critérios propostos neste estudo direcionem profissionais de saúde, pesquisadores, trabalhadores e demais atores sociais para a avaliação da assistência a esta clientela.

Medication and test prescription by nurses: contributions to advanced practice and transformation of care.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a documentary study on the rules, guidelines, policies and institutional support for the nurse to prescribe medicines and request tests with a view to the advanced practice in the scope of Primary Health Care. METHODS: Documentary research using open-access institutional documents - Federal Nursing Council (COFEN), its regional representations in the respective Brazilian states (COREN) and the Brazilian Nursing Association (ABEN). RESULTS: Most of the news/notices were issued by the Regional Nursing Councils in the different Federative Units. The argumentation regarding the prescription of medicines and request for tests by nurses is based on three categories: Autonomy and competencies for the prescription of medicines and/or request of tests; Corporate policies that undermine the full exercise of nursing; and Transformation of health and nursing care in Primary Health Care. CONCLUSION: The prescriptive practice by nurses integrates health care and has been defended by the institutions that represent the category. It emerges as an important element of advanced practice and in the transformation of care in the context of health teams.

Distribuição e dependência espacial da mortalidade por tuberculose em um município da região amazônica / Spatial distribution and dependence of mortality due to tuberculosis in a city in the Amazon region

Resumo Introdução A mortalidade por tuberculose é um indicador sensível às desigualdades em saúde, considerando-se que o risco para sua ocorrência está relacionado à vulnerabilidade dos territórios. Objetivo Investigar se as variações espaciais dos determinantes sociais afetam as mortes por tuberculose em um município da região amazônica. Método Estudo ecológico com medidas múltiplas de análise, composto por óbitos por tuberculose como causa básica em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil, notificados no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (2006-2015). Nas análises, foram calculadas as taxas bruta e padronizada, e usado o Índice de Moran para verificar a autocorrelação espacial da mortalidade e, posteriormente, foi aplicada a regressão geograficamente ponderada para aferir a relação da desigualdade com as mortes por tuberculose. Resultados Foram identificados 731 óbitos pela doença. A distribuição da mortalidade ocorreu de forma heterogênea, sendo que as altas taxas de óbito por tuberculose estavam em áreas mais socialmente vulneráveis. Foram confirmadas a autocorrelação e a dependência espacial. O modelo final apresentou as variáveis indicadoras de iniquidades (baixa renda, pobreza e escolaridade), mostrando relação destas com a mortalidade. Conclusão Ficou evidente que os determinantes sociais no espaço urbano influenciam a mortalidade por tuberculose na região. Portanto, avançar em políticas públicas para corrigir as iniquidades em saúde pode influenciar positivamente esse cenário.

Abstract Background Mortality from tuberculosis is a sensitive indicator of health inequalities, given that the risk for its occurrence is related to the vulnerability of the territories. Objective To investigate whether the spatial variations of social determinants affect deaths from tuberculosis in a municipality in the Amazon region. Method Ecological study with multiple measures of analysis. The study was composed of deaths from tuberculosis as a basic cause in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, reported in the Brazilian Mortality Information System (2006-2015). In the analyzes, the crude and standardized rate was calculated, Moran Index was used to verify the spatial autocorrelation of mortality, and subsequently, the geographically weighted regression was applied to assess the inequality relationship of deaths from tuberculosis. Results 731 deaths from the disease were identified. The distribution of mortality was heterogeneous, with high rates of death from tuberculosis in more socially vulnerable areas. The autocorrelation and spatial dependence was confirmed. The final model presented variables that indicate inequities: low income, poverty and education, showing their relationship with mortality. Conclusion It was evident that social determinants in the urban space influence mortality from tuberculosis in the region. Therefore, advancing public policies to correct health inequities can positively impact this scenario.

Areas with evidence of equity and their progress on mortality from tuberculosis in an endemic municipality of southeast Brazil.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, people still fall ill and die from tuberculosis (TB), and this can be explained by the significant impasse in the equity of distribution of therapeutic resources to the population as a whole. The aim was to identify geographical areas which have shown progress in terms of equity (of income, schooling and urban occupancy) and test its effect on mortality from TB in a municipality of southeast Brazil. METHODS: It is an ecological study considering TB as the basic cause for deaths registered between 2006 and 2013 on the Mortality Information System and other variables obtained through the Demographic Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2010). The geographical area for analysis comprised the areas of coverage of the health services. Social indicators have been constructed through the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The cases were geocoded and the annual mortality rate from TB was calculated with smoothing using the local empirical Bayesian method. Multiple linear regression was then performed. There was confirmation of the existence of spatial dependence of residue through the application of the Global Moran I test, and application of the Models with Global Spatial Effects, to identify the best standard of spatial regression. RESULTS: The mortality rates ranged from 0.00 to 2.8 deaths per 100,000 people, per year. In the PCA, three indicators were constructed, and designated as indicators of income, social inequality, and social equity. In multiple linear regression, the indicator of social equity was statistically significant (P < 0.0001) but had a negative association, an adjusted R2 of 28.36% and with spatial dependence (Moran I = 0.21, P = 0.003455). The best model to deal with existing spatial dependence was the Spatial Lag Model. CONCLUSIONS: The better social conditions have shown progress in reducing mortality from TB, thereby reinforcing the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, cartography was also applied, which can be replicated in other scenarios throughout the world, using a scope distinct from that of works traditionally produced in that it places the emphasis on social equity.

Spatial clustering and local risk of leprosy in São Paulo, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Although the detection rate is decreasing, the proportion of new cases with WHO grade 2 disability (G2D) is increasing, creating concern among policy makers and the Brazilian government. This study aimed to identify spatial clustering of leprosy and classify high-risk areas in a major leprosy cluster using the SatScan method. METHODS: Data were obtained including all leprosy cases diagnosed between January 2006 and December 2013. In addition to the clinical variable, information was also gathered regarding the G2D of the patient at diagnosis and after treatment. The Scan Spatial statistic test, developed by Kulldorff e Nagarwalla, was used to identify spatial clustering and to measure the local risk (Relative Risk-RR) of leprosy. Maps considering these risks and their confidence intervals were constructed. RESULTS: A total of 434 cases were identified, including 188 (43.31%) borderline leprosy and 101 (23.28%) lepromatous leprosy cases. There was a predominance of males, with ages ranging from 15 to 59 years, and 51 patients (11.75%) presented G2D. Two significant spatial clusters and three significant spatial-temporal clusters were also observed. The main spatial cluster (p = 0.000) contained 90 census tracts, a population of approximately 58,438 inhabitants, detection rate of 22.6 cases per 100,000 people and RR of approximately 3.41 (95%CI = 2.721-4.267). Regarding the spatial-temporal clusters, two clusters were observed, with RR ranging between 24.35 (95%CI = 11.133-52.984) and 15.24 (95%CI = 10.114-22.919). CONCLUSION: These findings could contribute to improvements in policies and programming, aiming for the eradication of leprosy in Brazil. The Spatial Scan statistic test was found to be an interesting resource for health managers and healthcare professionals to map the vulnerability of areas in terms of leprosy transmission risk and areas of underreporting.

Risk communication in the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil: A rhetorical analysis / Comunicação de risco no enfrentamento da COVID-19 no Brasil: uma análise retórica

Abstract The objective was to analyze the information related to the new coronavirus pandemic in Brazil, conveyed by national and state authorities, through the lens of risk communication and community engagement. This is a qualitative and reflective study, anchored in rhetorical analysis. Two groups of speeches were analyzed. The first, nationwide, subdivided into the discourse by the Presidency of the Republic of Brazil and by the Ministry of Health. The second, of the states, represented by their normative actions related to the fight against the pandemic. Some recommendations in the management of the disease have unanimous understanding. Other actions, however, do not find the same support in the national and subnational discourse, reason why the following is adopted for a more detailed analysis in this article: the organization of risk communication and community engagement; the practice of social distancing; and the use of medications to treat the disease. Risk communication is based on the premise that every public health emergency faces communication challenges and may benefit from the lessons already learned. The fact that there are different discourses among the entities of the Federation implies disorganization of information, disagreements, and a greater degree of uncertainty in the population about the disease and how to prevent it.

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar as informações relacionadas à pandemia do novo coronavírus no Brasil, veiculadas pelas autoridades nacionais e estaduais, pelas lentes da comunicação de risco e engajamento comunitário. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, reflexivo, ancorado na análise retórica. Foram analisados dois grupos de discursos. O primeiro, de âmbito nacional, subdividido em discurso da Presidência da República do Brasil e do Ministério da Saúde. O segundo, dos estados, representados por seus atos normativos relacionados ao enfrentamento da pandemia. Algumas recomendações no manejo da doença têm compreensão unânime. Outras ações, no entanto, não encontram o mesmo amparo no discurso nacional e subnacional, por esse motivo sendo tomado para análise mais detalhada nesse artigo, a saber: a organização da comunicação de risco e o engajamento comunitário; a prática de distanciamento social; e o uso de medicamentos para o tratamento da doença. A comunicação de risco parte da premissa de que toda emergência de saúde pública enfrenta desafios de comunicação e pode se beneficiar das lições aprendidas anteriormente. O fato da existência de discursos distintos entre os entes da federação implica na desorganização das informações, desentendimentos e maior grau de incerteza da população sobre a doença e como se prevenir.

National Health Systems and the pandemic by COVID-19: actions to cope with Brazil and Italy / Sistemas Nacionais de Saúde e a pandemia por COVID-19: ações de enfrentamento do Brasil e da Itália

Abstract The objective was to identify the actions developed by the health systems of Brazil and Italy to face the pandemic caused by COVID19. This is an integrative literature review in the Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed and Virtual Health Library databases, with the addition of the snowball technique, in July 2020. After collection, 48 publications constituted the sample. The actions of the health systems of the two countries to face the pandemic were grouped into the categories: Adequacy of the legal norms of the health system; Expansion and strengthening of the health system; Use of Information and Communication Technologies; Encouraging individual and collective measures to face the pandemic; and Limitations and challenges in facing the pandemic. The measures adopted are influenced by the political, economic and social contexts. There was a reorganization of the hospital network in both countries, but weaknesses are identified in the preventive actions developed by Primary Health Care, with a predominance of the biomedical model. Telemedicine stood out in this scenario and could last in the post-pandemic. The summary of actions will subsidize the confrontation of other pandemics that, eventually, the health systems of these and other countries may encounter.

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar as ações desenvolvidas pelos sistemas de saúde do Brasil e da Itália para o enfrentamento da pandemia por COVID19. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, com adição da técnica snowball, em julho de 2020. Após a coleta, 48 publicações constituíram a amostra. As ações dos sistemas de saúde dos dois países para o enfrentamento da pandemia foram agrupadas nas categorias: Adequação do normativo legal do sistema de saúde; Ampliação e fortalecimento do sistema de saúde; Uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação; Estímulo às medidas individuais e coletivas para enfrentamento da pandemia; e Limitações e desafios no enfrentamento da pandemia. As medidas adotadas são influenciadas pelos contextos político, econômico e social. Houve a reorganização da rede hospitalar nos dois países, mas identificam-se fragilidades nas ações preventivas desenvolvidas pela Atenção Primária à Saúde, predominando o modelo biomédico. A telemedicina destacou-se neste cenário e poderá perdurar no pós-pandemia. A sumarização das ações subsidiará o enfrentamento de outras pandemias com que, eventualmente, os sistemas de saúde destes e de outros países possam se deparar.

Potential access to primary health care: what does the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement data show?

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the influence of contextual indicators on the performance of municipalities regarding potential access to primary health care in Brazil and to discuss the contribution from nurses working on this access. METHOD: a multicenter descriptive study based on secondary data from External Evaluation of the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care, with the participation of 17,202 primary care teams. The chi-square test of proportions was used to verify differences between the municipalities stratified based on size of the coverage area, supply, coordination, and integration; when necessary, the chi-square test with Yates correction or Fisher's exact test were employed. For the population variable, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. RESULTS: the majority of participants were nurses (n=15.876; 92,3%). Statistically significant differences were observed between the municipalities in terms of territory (p=0.0000), availability (p=0.0000), coordination of care (p=0.0000), integration (p=0.0000) and supply (p=0.0000), verifying that the municipalities that make up area 6 tend to have better performance in these dimensions. CONCLUSION: areas 4,5 and 6 performed better in every analyzed dimension, and the nurse had a leading role in the potential to access primary health care in Brazil.

Modelo lógico e matriz de critérios para avaliação da assistência à pessoa com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei / Logical model and matrix of criteria for assessing care to people with mental disorders in conflict with the law

Resumo Objetiva-se descrever a construção e validação do modelo lógico e da matriz de critérios para avaliação da assistência à pessoa com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei. Trata-se de pesquisa metodológica, desenvolvida de fevereiro a dezembro de 2019, seguindo três procedimentos: 1) teóricos - composto por estudo de avaliabilidade, realizado a partir de pesquisa documental e entrevista com informantes-chave; 2) empíricos - construção do instrumento de coleta e seleção de experts para o processo de validação do instrumento de avaliação proposto; e 3) analíticos - realização de duas etapas Delphi. O estudo de avaliabilidade resultou na elaboração e pactuação do modelo lógico; na análise e comparação entre a realidade da política e o modelo lógico; e na elaboração da matriz de critérios. A adequabilidade do conteúdo da matriz de critérios foi avaliada por 16 experts na etapa Delphi 1 e por 12 na etapa Delphi 2, a qual teve seu conteúdo validado com Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,93. Espera-se que o modelo lógico e a matriz de critérios propostos neste estudo direcionem profissionais de saúde, pesquisadores, trabalhadores e demais atores sociais para a avaliação da assistência a esta clientela.

Abstract We aim to describe the construction and validation of the logical model and the matrix of criteria for assessing care to people with mental disorders in conflict with the law. This is a methodological research, carried out from February to December 2019, following three procedures: 1) theoretical - composed of an evaluability study performed from documentary research and interviews with key informants; 2) empirical - construction of the collection instrument and selection of experts for the validation process of the proposed evaluation instrument; and 3) analytical - performing two Delphi steps. The evaluability study resulted in the elaboration and agreement of the logical model; the analysis and comparison between the reality of the policy and the logical model; and the elaboration of the matrix of criteria. The criteria matrix content adequacy was assessed by 16 experts in the Delphi 1 step and 12 experts in the Delphi 2 step, whose content was validated with a Content Validity Coefficient of 0.93. The logical model and the matrix of criteria proposed in this study are expected to direct health professionals, researchers, workers, and other social actors to assess this clientele's care.

A pessoa idosa domiciliada sob distanciamento social: possibilidades de enfrentamento à covid-19 / Older adults living under social distancing: possibilities for tackling Covid-19

Reflete sobre a contribuição da Atenção Primária à Saúde na concretização da estratégia de proteção dos idosos em isolamento social no contexto do seu domicílio e na vigilância e monitoramento das ILPI (Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos), neste momento da pandemia do novo coronavirus . Recomenda ações para os cuidados em saúde na atenção primária no Brasil numa perspectiva de um trabalho articulado e integrado que garanta a proteção às pessoas idosas em todos os locais de moradia, inclusive para aquelas em situação de maior vulnerabilidade, como os residentes em instituições de longa permanência, comunidades, os de baixa renda, moradores de rua, refugiados e nômades. Sugere a implementação de política pública emergencial, que reduza os internamentos, necessidade de terapia intensiva e, principalmente, os óbitos. Propõe uma ferramenta de monitoramento dos cuidados essenciais domiciliares à saúde das pessoas idosas que possibilite mapeamento das fortalezas e fragilidades na gestão do cuidado do idoso e será um guia para as ações da APS.

It reflects on the contribution of Primary Health Care to the implementation of the strategy to protect the elderly under social distancing in the context of their homes and in the surveillance and monitoring of the LTCFs (Long-Term Care Facility for the Elderly), at this time of the new coronavirus pandemic. Recommends actions for health care in primary care in Brazil from the perspective of articulated and integrated work that guarantees the protection of elderly people in all places of residence, including those in situations of greater vulnerability, such as residents of long-term care institutions. permanence, communities, the low-income, homeless, refugees and nomads. Suggests the implementation of emergency public policy, which reduces hospitalizations, the need for intensive care and, especially, deaths. It proposes a tool for monitoring essential home care for the health of the elderly that enables mapping of strengths and weaknesses in the management of elderly care and will be a guide for PHC actions.

Tuberculosis care: an evaluability study.

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the tuberculosis control program (TCP) is evaluable and to examine the feasibility of building an evaluation model in apriority municipality for the control of tuberculosis. METHOD: This evaluability study was conducted in a municipality in northeastern Brazil. For data collection, documental analysis and interviews with key informants were performed. For indicator validation, the nominal group technique was adopted. RESULTS: The details of TCP were described, and both the logical model and the classification framework for indicators were developed and agreed up on, with the goal of characterizing the structural elements of the program, defining the structure and process indicators, and formulating the evaluation questions. CONCLUSION: TCP is evaluable. Based on logical operational analysis, it was possible to evaluate the adequacy of the program goals for the control of tuberculosis. Therefore, the performance of a summative evaluation is recommended, with a focus on the analysis of the effects of tuberculosis control interventions on decreasing morbidity and mortality.