Effect of Silymarin Supplementation on Physical Performance, Muscle and Myocardium Histological Changes, Bodyweight, and Food Consumption in Rats Subjected to Regular Exercise Training.

(1) Background: Regular exercise induces physiological and morphological changes in the organisms, but excessive training loads may induce damage and impair recovery or muscle growth. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of Silymarin (SM) consumption on endurance capacity, muscle/cardiac histological changes, bodyweight, and food intake in rats subjected to 60 min of regular exercise training (RET) five days per week. (2) Methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to an eight-week RET treadmill program and were previously administered SM and vitamin C. Bodyweight and food consumption were measured and registered. The maximal endurance capacity (MEC) test was performed at weeks one and eight. After the last training session, the animals were sacrificed, and samples of quadriceps/gastrocnemius and cardiac tissue were obtained and process for histological analyzes. (3) Results: SM consumption improved muscle recovery, inflammation, and damaged tissue, and promoted hypertrophy, vascularization, and muscle fiber shape/appearance. MEC increased after eight weeks of RET in all trained groups; moreover, the SM-treated group was enhanced more than the group with vitamin C. There were no significant changes in bodyweight and in food and nutrient consumption along the study. (5) Conclusion: SM supplementation may enhance physical performance, recovery, and muscle hypertrophy during the eight-week RET program.

Oral granulomatosis with polyangiitis a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is an unusual multisystemic inflammatory disease, with vasculitis of small- and medium-sized vessels, with a predilection for upper lower airways and kidneys. The etiology remains unknown although it may originate from different stimuli, in genetically susceptible patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A detailed database search was performed. The variables were demographics, localization, histopathological findings, antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody, cytoplasmic (c-ANCA) tests, treatment, and follow-up. RESULTS: Fifty-two cases were identified; the mean age was 49.6 years, with a range from 6 to 87 years. It was most frequently seen in females (57.7%). The most common race was white (59.6%). The most frequent location was in the maxillary gingiva (28.8%), followed by both the upper and lower gingiva (19.2%). The most common clinical presentation was "strawberry gingivitis" (61.5%). The main symptom was pain, in 50%. Regarding the c-ANCA test, it was positive in 71.2% of cases. The most common therapy was prednisone and cyclophosphamide, utilized in 51.9%. The average follow-up was 23.6 months, and 88.5% of patients were still alive at follow-up. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis initially was difficult to establish, an early diagnosis and treatment are mandatory. If untreated the disease can be associated with morbidity and mortality. For the oral clinician, this disease needs to be addressed in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions.

Cerebral, Psychosocial, Family Functioning and Disability of Persons with Schizophrenia.

The human brain is the most cognitively capable of mammalian brains, endowed as it is with an overdeveloped cerebral cortex that, in parallel, renders it vulnerable to mental disorders. Schizophrenia is the expression of the dysregulation of the neuronal activity of cortical and subcortical regions due to modifications in the levels of the various neurotransmitters, especially of dopamine, with a reciprocal, intimate relationship among genes with environmental and psychosocial factors. If the dopaminergic system increases the function prefrontal cortex will be reduced: this is the main reason of social, occupational and familiar disruption. The present article describes the function of the brain in schizophrenia and its relation with anatomical, physiological, and genetic changes, in addition to identifying, psychosocial and family factors that can be determinant in the functionality of the patient. A review of national and international bibliography was conducted bearing in mind the following variables: functioning at the cerebral level; psychosocial functioning, familial functioning, disability, and functionality in persons with schizophrenia. Due to the variety of the issues included in this review, it can be concluded that schizophrenia is the product of a complex array of symptoms, deficits and disabilities. It was identified that there is a reciprocal confluence of diverse genetic, psychosocial, familial, environmental, educative, and social factors which affect the functionality of persons with this disorder. The latter makes it necessary to study the patient taking into consideration all of these components in an integral manner.

Phytochemicals and modulation of exercise-induced oxidative stress: a novel overview of antioxidants.

The practice of physical exercise induces a series of physiological changes in the body at different levels, either acutely or chronically. During exercise, the increase in oxygen consumption promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are necessary to maintain homeostasis. ROS/RNS activate cellular signaling pathways, such as the antioxidant cytoprotective systems, inflammation, and cell proliferation, which are crucial for cell survival. However, in exhaustive-extended physical exercise, workloads can exceed the endogenous antioxidant defenses, which may be related to impairment of muscle contraction, fatigue, and a decrease in athletic performance. This review addresses the role of some antioxidants from plant-derived extracts called phytochemicals that can mediate the response to oxidative stress induced by physical exercise by activating signaling pathways, such as Nrf2/Keap1/ARE, responsible for the endogenous antioxidant response and possibly having an impact on sports performance.

Liver disorders in COVID-19, nutritional approaches and the use of phytochemicals.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of people globally. It was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The hyperinflammatory response to the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is the result of a "cytokine storm" and the high oxidative stress responsible for the associated symptomatology. Not only respiratory symptoms are reported, but gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea) and liver abnormalities (high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase transaminases, and bilirubin) are observed in at least 30% of patients. Reduced food intake and a delay in medical services may lead to malnutrition, which increases mortality and poor outcomes. This review provides some strategies to identify malnutrition and establishes nutritional approaches for the management of COVID-19 and liver injury, taking energy and nutrient requirements and their impact on the immune response into account. The roles of certain phytochemicals in the prevention of the disease or as promising target drugs in the treatment of this disease are also considered.

Effect of Silymarin Supplementation in Lung and Liver Histological Modifications during Exercise Training in a Rodent Model.

BACKGROUND: Exercise training induces adaptive physiological and morphological modifications in the entire organism; however, excessive loads of training may increase damage in tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of silymarin in lung and liver histological changes in rats subjected to exercise training (ET). METHODS: Male Wistar rats were subjected to an 8-week ET treadmill program 5 days per week, 60 min/session, and were previously administered 100 mg ascorbic acid or 100 mg of silymarin. RESULTS: Silymarin increased alveolar and bronchial muscle size, improve vascularization, and reduced tissue inflammation. In liver, silymarin promoted the reduction of lipid content. CONCLUSION: Silymarin supplementation may improve inflammation in pulmonary tissue after 8 weeks of the ET treadmill program, improve cell recovery, and reduce intrahepatic lipid content.

Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function and Adaptation to Exercise: New Perspectives in Nutrition.

Cells have the ability to adapt to stressful environments as a part of their evolution. Physical exercise induces an increase of a demand for energy that must be met by mitochondria as the main (ATP) provider. However, this process leads to the increase of free radicals and the so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are necessary for the maintenance of cell signaling and homeostasis. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis is influenced by exercise in continuous crosstalk between the mitochondria and the nuclear genome. Excessive workloads may induce severe mitochondrial stress, resulting in oxidative damage. In this regard, the objective of this work was to provide a general overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial adaptation during exercise and to understand if some nutrients such as antioxidants may be implicated in blunt adaptation and/or an impact on the performance of exercise by different means.

[Emotional, physical and psychiatric disorders in relatives of schizophrenia patients in Mexico]. / Trastornos emocionales, físicos y psiquiátricos en los familiares de pacientes con esquizofrenia en México.

BACKGROUND: A study was to investigate the frequency with which they have emotional disorders, physical and psychiatric symptoms in FCPI, knowing the relationship with demographic variables and clinical caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: It was a cross sectional, descriptive, correlational, study and ex-post-facto, of a non probabilistic sample, using 131 relatives carers. Instruments. 1-The Compositive International Diagnostic Interview version 1.0 (CIDI) 2-Social Behaviour Assessment Schedule 2nd Ed. (SBAS). RESULTS: 58% of the relatives presented 1 to 4 psychiatric diagnoses, the most frequent was: depression (20.6%), alcohol dependence (9.9%) and dissociative disorders (7.6%); the relatives' carers reported some physical (48%) or emotional (74%) illness related to the presence of the schizophrenia in their relatives. CONCLUSIONS: The predictive variables associated with the presence of psychopathology in the relatives carers': the presence of active symptomatology in the patient, the years of evolution of the illness and the number of hospitalizations, r = 0.38; p > 0.000.

Continuous flow synthesis of lipophilic cations derived from benzoic acid as new cytotoxic chemical entities in human head and neck carcinoma cell lines.

Continuous flow chemistry was used for the synthesis of a series of delocalized lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cations (DLCs) linked by means of an ester functional group to several hydroxylated benzoic acid derivatives and evaluated in terms of both reaction time and selectivity. The synthesized compounds showed cytotoxic activity and selectivity in head and neck tumor cell lines. The mechanism of action of the molecules involved a mitochondrial uncoupling effect and a decrease in both intracellular ATP production and apoptosis induction.

Comparison of Early Intervention Services vs Treatment as Usual for Early-Phase Psychosis: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression.

Importance: The value of early intervention in psychosis and allocation of public resources has long been debated because outcomes in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders have remained suboptimal. Objective: To compare early intervention services (EIS) with treatment as usual (TAU) for early-phase psychosis. Data Sources: Systematic literature search of PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov without language restrictions through June 6, 2017. Study Selection: Randomized trials comparing EIS vs TAU in first-episode psychosis or early-phase schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Data Extraction and Synthesis: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Three independent investigators extracted data for a random-effects meta-analysis and prespecified subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Main Outcomes and Measures: The coprimary outcomes were all-cause treatment discontinuation and at least 1 psychiatric hospitalization during the treatment period. Results: Across 10 randomized clinical trials (mean [SD] trial duration, 16.2 [7.4] months; range, 9-24 months) among 2176 patients (mean [SD] age, 27.5 [4.6] years; 1355 [62.3%] male), EIS was associated with better outcomes than TAU at the end of treatment for all 13 meta-analyzable outcomes. These outcomes included the following: all-cause treatment discontinuation (risk ratio [RR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61-0.80; P < .001), at least 1 psychiatric hospitalization (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61-0.90; P = .003), involvement in school or work (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.24; P = .01), total symptom severity (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.32; 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.17; P < .001), positive symptom severity (SMD, -0.22; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.11; P < .001), and negative symptom severity (SMD, -0.28; 95% CI, -0.42 to -0.14; P < .001). Superiority of EIS regarding all outcomes was evident at 6, 9 to 12, and 18 to 24 months of treatment (except for general symptom severity and depressive symptom severity at 18-24 months). Conclusions and Relevance: In early-phase psychosis, EIS are superior to TAU across all meta-analyzable outcomes. These results support the need for funding and use of EIS in patients with early-phase psychosis.

Predicting functional remission in patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study of symptomatic remission, psychosocial remission, functioning, and clinical outcome.

BACKGROUND: New approaches to assess outcome in schizophrenia include multidimensional measures such as remission, cognition, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life. Clinical and psychosocial measures have been recently introduced to assess functional outcome. OBJECTIVE: The study presented here was designed to examine the rates of symptomatic remission, psychosocial remission, global functioning, and clinical global impressions in a sample of schizophrenia outpatients in order to assess functional remission and to identify predictive factors for functional remission. METHODS: A total of 168 consecutive Mexican outpatients receiving pharmacological treatment at the National Institute of Psychiatry in Mexico City were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Symptomatic remission was assessed according to the definition and criteria proposed by the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale. Psychosocial remission was assessed according to Barak criteria using the Psychosocial Remission in Schizophrenia scale. Functioning was measured with the Global Assessment of Functioning, and clinical outcome with the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Scale. RESULTS: Findings showed that 45.2% of patients fulfilled the symptomatic remission criteria, 32.1% achieved psychosocial remission, and 53% reported adequate functioning. However, the combination of these three outcome criteria - symptomatic, psychosocial remission, and functioning - indicated that 14.9% of the patients achieved our predefined functional remission outcome. The logistic regression model included five predictive variables for functional remission: (1) being employed, (2) use of atypical antipsychotics, (3) lower number of medications, (4) lower negative symptom severity, and (5) lower excitement symptom severity. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that symptomatic remission, psychosocial remission, and functioning could be achievable goals for a considerable number of patients. The outcome of functional remission was achieved by a minority of patients, less than 15%. New approaches should include multidimensional measures to assess functional outcome in schizophrenia research.

Integrated treatment to achieve functional recovery for first-episode psychosis.

This study describes an integrated treatment approach that was implemented to enhance functional recovery in first-episode psychotic patients. Patients were randomized to two treatment conditions: either to an integrated treatment approach: pharmacotherapy, psychosocial treatment, and psychoeducation (experimental group: N = 39) or to medication alone (control group: N = 34). Patients were evaluated at baseline and after one year of treatment. Functional recovery was assessed according to symptomatic and functional remission. At the end of treatment, experimental patients showed a 94.9% of symptomatic remission compared to 58.8% of the control group. Functional remission was 56.4% for the experimental group and 3.6% for the control group, while 56.4% of the experimental group met both symptomatic and functional remission criteria and were considered recovered compared to 2.9% of the control group.

Application in Mexico of psychosocial rehabilitation with schizophrenia patients.

To determine whether evidence-based, psychosocial treatments developed in the United States and England are applicable to Mexican outpatients with schizophrenia, the present study was carried out to evaluate the relative effectiveness of family psycho-education and psychosocial skills training added to customary treatment vs. customary treatment alone. Clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia participated in a 12-month randomized, controlled trial at the National Institute of Psychiatry in Mexico City. An experimental group (N = 47) received the combination of psychosocial skills training, family psycho-education and customary pharmacotherapy while the comparison group (N = 36) received customary treatment alone. Patients were assessed at baseline and one year after commencement of treatment. Significant differences favoring the group that received psychosocial rehabilitation were found in ratings of adherence to medication, attendance at appointments, symptoms, social functioning, relapse, and re-hospitalization. While some adaptations were made in the psychosocial treatments to resolve cultural differences, the results provide cross-national validation of evidence-based treatments for persons with schizophrenia.

Remisión sintomática y recuperación funcional en pacientes que padecen esquizofrenia / Symptomatic remission and recovery in patients with schizophrenia

A recently proposed definition for remission and recovery in schizophrenia is receiving increased attention by clinicians and researchers. The interest on these issues is based on the recent proposed definition for symptomatic remission, and the development of operational criteria for its assessment, by the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group (RSWG), in the United States, in 2005. Remission is assessed using eight items of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), all of which have to be scored with a symptom severity of <3 points (mild or better), sustained for a minimum duration of six months. In Europe, since 2006, proposed definition criteria about response and remission were introduced. Response can be assessed, with the PANSS, using a cut-off of at least 50% reduction of the baseline score for the acutely ill, and a cut-off of at least of 25% reduction for refractory patients. Remission could be assessed using a formula for calculating percentage PANSS reduction from baseline. Definition criteria have also been introduced to assess functional recovery that includes the combination of clinical and social outcomes for two consecutive years, including dimensions such as psychosocial functioning, cognition, and quality of life. The purpose of this review is to examine existing research on symptomatic remission and functional recovery in schizophrenia. We included clinical and epidemiological studies, reviews and meta-analyses published between January 1970 and July 2013. Sixty two studies on remission and recovery were included, with a total of 94 940 patients, comprising six months to 37 years follow-up. Thirty two studies on functional recovery were included, with a total of 6 483 patients with a range of six months to 42 years follow-up. Research indicates that symptomatic remission can be achieved in 20-97%, and functional recovery in 10-68% of people with schizophrenia. The use of remission and recovery criteria has ...

Recientemente los conceptos de remisión sintomática y recuperación funcional en los pacientes que padecen esquizofrenia han recibido una considerable atención por parte de los clínicos y los investigadores. El interés en estos aspectos tiene que ver con la propuesta realizada en el 2005 por el "Grupo de trabajo para evaluar la remisión en esquizofrenia", con el objetivo de proponer una definición de remisión sintomática, así como el desarrollo de criterios operacionales para su evaluación. La remisión sintomática se evalúa utilizando ocho reactivos de la escala PANSS, los cuales deben puntuar tres o menos, con una duración mínima de seis meses de remisión. En Europa, desde el 2006, también se han propuesto criterios para evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento, así como la remisión sintomática. La remisión se puede evaluar usando una fórmula para calcular el porcentaje de reducción de síntomas desde el inicio del tratamiento de acuerdo al PANSS. También se han desarrollado criterios para evaluar la recuperación funcional que incluyen la combinación de aspectos clínicos y psicosociales, que se deben mantener por lo menos por dos años consecutivos, incluyendo dimensiones como el funcionamiento psicosocial, el funcionamiento cognitivo y la calidad de vida. En el presente artículo se revisa la investigación respecto a los conceptos de remisión sintomática y recuperación funcional en los pacientes afectados por esta patología, incluyendo estudios clínicos, epidemiológicos, estudios de revisión y meta-análisis publicados entre enero de 1970 a julio de 2013. Se incluyeron 62 estudios sobre remisión sintomática/recuperación funcional, con un total de 94 940 pacientes, con un seguimiento de seis meses a 37 años. También se incluyeron 32 estudios de recuperación funcional, con un total de 6 483 pacientes, con un seguimiento de dos a 42 años. Los resultados indican que entre el 20 y el 97% de los pacientes pueden lograr la remisión sintomática, mientras que entre el 10 y el 68% alcanzan la recuperación funcional. Se ha recomendado el uso de estos criterios en la práctica clínica y en la investigación científica.

Necesidades de los familiares de pacientes con esquizofrenia en situaciones de crisis / Needs under crisis situations in relatives of patients with schizophrenia

Objetivo Identificar y analizar las principales situaciones de crisis que enfrentan los familiares de pacientes con esquizofrenia, así como sus necesidades en la atención psiquiátrica en momentos de crisis. Método Con metodología cualitativa de recolección y análisis, la técnica utilizada fue la creación de un grupo de discusión con ocho familiares de pacientes con esquizofrenia. Las sesiones grupales se grabaron y transcribieron para analizar posteriormente la información. Además, se realizaron entrevistas individuales a cada familiar. Resultados Los familiares destacaron tres principales situaciones de crisis: 1. La crisis psicótica; 2. La crisis familiar ante el diagnóstico y en el proceso de aceptación de la enfermedad; 3. La crisis ante las recaídas subsecuentes. También se detallan: 4. Las deficiencias en la atención en situaciones de crisis y 5. Las necesidades de los familiares en estas situaciones. Conclusiones Desde la narrativa de los familiares se puede destacar la experiencia de una falta de información tanto a familiares y a pacientes como a la población en general, para que se conozcan los principales rasgos y síntomas que caracterizan a la esquizofrenia, para lograr con ello una detección temprana que facilite el tratamiento y la prevención de crisis posteriores. Es conveniente desarrollar intervenciones en los momentos de crisis y establecer una red social de apoyo en la comunidad.

Objetive This article presents the main crisis situations faced by the relatives of schizophrenic patients, as well as their needs in psychiatric attention at moments of crisis. Method Qualitative study. A discussion group of eight parents of patients with schizophrenia was conformed. The group sessions were recorded and transcribed to analyze the information later on. In addition, the information was complemented with individual interviews of the relatives. Results Parents emphasized three main crisis situations: 1. a first psychotic crisis, 2. family crisis facing the diagnosis and in the process of acceptance of the disease, and 3. subsequent relapses. 4. Deficiencies in the care crisis, and 5. needs of families in crisis situations are also detailed. Conclusions According to the narratives related by the relatives of the discussion group, we can conclude that it is necessary to provide information to the family, the patients and the general population, so that there is a knowledge of the main characteristics and symptoms of schizophrenia. This should be carried out with the purpose of obtaining an early detection that facilitates the treatment and prevents later crises interventions and creating a social support network in the community.

A psychosocial skills training approach in Mexican out-patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of a psychosocial skills training (PSST) approach applied to chronic out-patients with schizophrenia was examined. We hypothesized that the PSST programme, which included treatment as usual (TAU), PSST and family therapy (FT), would reduce positive and negative symptoms, prevent relapse and rehospitalization, and improve psychosocial functioning (PSF), global functioning and treatment adherence. METHOD: Eighty-two patients were randomly assigned to receive either TAU [antipsychotic medication (AP); n=39] or the PSST approach (TAU+PSST+FT; n=43). The two groups were assessed at intake and after completion of 1 year of treatment. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the two groups. Patients in the PSST group improved their symptomatology, psychosocial and global functioning (symptoms and psychological, social and occupational functioning), showed lower relapse, rehospitalization and drop-out rates, a higher level of compliance with AP medication, and a high level of therapeutic adherence in comparison with TAU patients, whose symptoms also improved although they showed no improvement in any of the clinical or psychosocial variables. A comparison of the standardized effect sizes showed a medium and a large effect size of PSF and global functioning for the PSST group and a non-effect size for the TAU group. CONCLUSIONS: A higher level of effectiveness was demonstrated when combining TAU, PSST and FT in comparison with AP medication alone. The PSST approach should be recommended for clinical practice.

Estudio de la correlación de signos y síntomas entre nurinoma del acústico y desórdenes temoromandibulares: presentación de 5 casos clínicos / Study of correlacio no sign and sintomas between nurinoma of acustico and temporomandibular disorders: introduction of 5 cases

La correlación de síntomas que afectan pacientes portadores de neurinoma del acústico y dolor y disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular es frecuente. El neurinoma del acústico puede presentarse clinicamente con cefalea, dolor periaricular, hipoacusia, zumbidos o falta de equilibrio. Los transtornos que afectan a articulación temporo-mandibular son variados. Hay muchas causas que pueden originar la presencia de dolor y disfunción de esta articulación. Por ser una articulación única, con característica anatómica y fisiológica, permite padecer de vários procesos patológicos. Los principales síntomas que se presentan, frecuentemente incluyen dolor y trastornos funcionales, afectando al cráneo, región cervical y cara, extendiéndose principalmente hacia la región preauricular, siguiendo hasta la región submandibular. La suma de conocimientos sobre estas patologías permite hacer el diagnóstico diferencial entre neurinoma del acústico y dolor y disfunción de la articulación temporo-mandibular. Así, en la evaluación clínica y (relato de casos) en la anamnesis de cinco pacientes, diagnosticados tardíamente de neurinoma de acústico, fue observado que 60% fueron evaluados primariamente por Cirujanos Dentistas, que tenían como hipotes de diagnóstico, desorden temporo-mandibular, instituyendo de este modo, conductas terapéuticas diversas para esta enfermedad, pero, sin remisión del cuadro. Por lo tanto, a través de este trabajo, los autores pretenden resaltar la importancia del diagnóstico diferencial para los trastornos de la articulación temporo-mandibular.

The correlacion whether sintomas affecting patients with neurinomas acustico and pain and articulacion temporomandibular dysfunción is frequent. The neurinomas acustico climay be filed only with headache, pain periaricular, hearring loss, ringing or lack of balance. Disorders that affect articulacion temporomandibular are varied. There are many causes that could lead to the presence of pain and disfuncion this articulacion. As a articulacion unica, characterística anatomica and fisiologyca allows processes suffer from several diseases patológics. The more impotant sintomas that they are submitted often include pain and functional disorders, affecting craneo, regional cervical and face, extendiendose mainly towards preauricular region, according to regional submandibular. The amount of knowledge about these pathology a allows for diagnosticd differential between reurinomas acustico and pain and temporomandibular dysfunción. So, in the clinic evaluations and (relate of cases) in the history of five patients diagnosed lately of neurinoma of acustico, it was observed that 60% were assessed primarily by Surgeons Dentists, that had hipoteses of diagnostic the temporomandibular dysfunction, instituting thus conducts various terapeuticas for this disease, but without remision the clinic. Therefore in this work, the authors emphasize the importance of diagnostic differential for the articulacion temporomandibular disfunción.

Comparación de tres modalidades de intervención en esquizofrenia: terapia psicosocial, musicoteapia y terapias múltiples / Comparison of three types of treatment for squizophrenia: psychosocial therapy, musictherapy, and multiple therapies

A randomized comparative control trial of three treatment conditions: 1) psychosocial therapy, 2) musictherapy, and 3) multiple therapies, was carried out in 58 out-patients with schizophrenia who were evaluated after 6 months of therapy. Significant differences were found between the three treatment groups in levels of psychosocial functioning and global functioning. Patients in the psychosocial therapy group had higher levels of improvement compared with those in the other two treatment conditions. Psychosocial therapy and musictherapy showed a larger effect size. Non-significant differences were found in relapse and rehospitalization rates. Psychosocial therapy and musictherapy groups had a higher degree of therapeutic adherence. A control group was used; patients under this condition remained stable in their symptoms, but showed no improvement in any of the clinical or psychosocial variables; relapse and rehospitalization rate for this group was also in a higher proportion when compared with the three treatments under study.

Se presenta la comparación de tres modalidades de intervención: terapia psicosocial, musicoterapia, y terapias múltiples, en 58 pacientes con esquizofrenia quienes fueron canalizados aleatoriamente a los tres grupos bajo estudio. Los pacientes fueron evaluados al inicio y al final de las intervenciones que tuvieron seis meses de duración. Los pacientes de las tres modalidades obtuvieron beneficios terapéuticos de distinta proporción en el funcionamiento psicosocial y en la actividad global, y con diferencias en la magnitud de la eficacia de cada intervención, siendo las más efectivas la terapia psicosocial, y la musicoterapia. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tres grupos en cuanto a recaídas y rehospitalizaciones. En la terapia psicosocial y en la musicoterapia el grado de deserción fue en menor grado y de igual forma estas dos intervenciones presentaron un mayor nivel de adherencia terapéutica en comparación con las terapias múltiples.

Sistema inteligente de reconocimiento de enfermedad coronaria (Isquemia) / Intelligent system of recognition of coronary disease (Isquemia)

Aplicación de la inteligencia artificial a la medicinaM; implicaciones tecnológicas e innovaciones aplicadas al área de cuidado de la salud, lo que incluye mayor rapidez y facilidades de tratamiento, pero lo más importante, se deberían integrar estos procedimientos en la vida diaria.

Evaluación del funcionamiento social en pacientes de un centro de salud / Social functioning evaluation of patients in a health center

En este artículo se presentan las principales características de la Escala de Funcionamiento Social (EFS) la descripción, el contenido y la metodología utilizada para diseñar la escala-que fue aplicada a una muestra de 320 pacientes de un centro de salud. El funcionamiento social se evalúa a través de una entrevista, en la cual el paciente reporta el grado de satisfacción en relación a su desempeño de roles en la áreas ocupacional, social, económica, sexual, económica, sexual y familiar. Se obtuvo un alto grado de confiabilidad y validez de la escala. Las correlaciones de todas las áreas fueron superiores de 0.80 (p=0.01). De la misma forma el análisis factorial con rotación varimax arrojó cinco factores para la validez de constructo; los reactivos de la misma área cargaron con un solo factor. Esto explicó, a su vez, el 52 por ciento de la varianza. Se recominda el uso de la escala, ya que se cuenta con un instrumento válido y confiable que puede se aplicado no solamente en México, sino también en otros países de habla hispana