Screening of chlamydia trachomatis in non-partner donors: situation of stored donations and proposal for periodic screening.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Lack of guidance on the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis screening in non-partner donors has led to heterogeneous testing protocols. C. trachomatis was checked in sperm donations unscreened for C. trachomatis to determine the risk for C. trachomatis infection in recipients using historic sperm donations unscreened for C. trachomatis. A C. trachomatis screening protocol is proposed to harmonize C. trachomatis screening, for which a cost evaluation is provided. DESIGN: Retrospective study of sperm donations carried out between 2009 and 2019 from healthy non-partner donors for whom at least one straw was available. A straw was selected from the still available donations that had not been tested for C. trachomatis in urine at the time of donation. These sperm samples were screened for C. trachomatis by nucleic acid amplification (NAT). RESULTS: Forty donors were included in the analysis. The 210 analysed straws tested negative for C. trachomatis. A C. trachomatis screening protocol following the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) protocol for other sexually transmitted diseases (STD), i.e. NAT C. trachomatis screening of donor eligibility and first and last donation, provided these occur within 90 days, is cost advantageous compared with screening of all samples (approximately 75% reduction). CONCLUSION: A negligible risk for C. trachomatis infection was found in recipients when using historical sperm samples stored at the sperm bank. C. trachomatis screening following the ECDC protocol for other STDs is supported as it significantly reduces workload and cost compared with screening all samples.

Elucidation of Compression-Induced Surface Crystallization in Amorphous Tablets Using Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) Microscopy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of compression on the crystallization behavior in amorphous tablets using sum frequency generation (SFG) microscopy imaging and more established analytical methods. METHOD: Tablets containing neat amorphous griseofulvin with/without excipients (silica, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)) were prepared. They were analyzed upon preparation and storage using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SFG microscopy. RESULTS: Compression-induced crystallization occurred predominantly on the surface of the neat amorphous griseofulvin tablets, with minimal crystallinity being detected in the core of the tablets. The presence of various types of excipients was not able to mitigate the compression-induced surface crystallization of the amorphous griseofulvin tablets. However, the excipients affected the crystallization rate of amorphous griseofulvin in the core of the tablet upon compression and storage. CONCLUSIONS: SFG microscopy can be used in combination with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and SEM to understand the crystallization behaviour of amorphous tablets upon compression and storage. When selecting excipients for amorphous formulations, it is important to consider the effect of the excipients on the physical stability of the amorphous formulations.

A challenging diagnosis of a nonsecretor plasma cell dyscrasia with pleomorphic plasmablastic morphology.

This report highlights the importance of integrating clinical, radiological, genetic, and pathological laboratory findings to make a correct diagnosis especially with challenging and rare entities.