Shoulder instability in the young athlete.

Shoulder instability is common in young athletes due to acute and repetitive trauma, as well as overuse in athletes with generalized ligamentous laxity. In overhead athletes, instability may present as impingement or rotator cuff tenderness. Fortunately, most symptomatic instability can be treatedwith rehabilitation. In athletes with recurrent symptomatic instability despite conservative treatment, surgical stabilization can restore function and allow return to sport.

Management of lower extremity malalignment during running with neuromuscular retraining of the proximal stabilizers.

This case report presents a high-level female runner with a history of more than 25 years of recurrent lower extremity (LE) injuries and LE malalignment problems during running. Due to her LE malalignment, she has been unable to run for the past 3 years. A definitive diagnosis was not found for her inability to run so by exclusion we diagnosed dysfunction of the hip, spine, and pelvic stabilizers that resulted in her in LE malalignment. To treat this muscle weakness, we designed a Pilates-evolved functional movement intervention to improve the control and strength of the proximal stabilizers and regain normal LE alignment. The Pilates-evolved treatment approach involved a series of functional and progressive resistance exercises designed to dynamically stabilize the spine, pelvis, and hip through all planes of motion. After 1 year of Pilates-evolved training, the athlete's disabling movement pattern resolved and she has returned to a regular running program. The purpose of this case report is to describe a Pilates-evolved functional movement intervention that resolved this runner's LE malalignment and returned her to running when other traditional treatment approaches were not effective in doing so.