Detoxification Mechanism of 8,8-Dimethyl-3-[(R-phenyl)amino]-1,4,5(8H)-naphthalentrione Derivatives by Botrytis cinerea.

The effect of 8,8-dimethyl-3-[(R-phenyl)amino]-1,4,5(8H)-naphthalentrione derivatives (compounds 1⁻13) on the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea was evaluated. The fungitoxic effect depended on the substituent and its position in the aromatic ring. Compounds substituted with halogens in meta and/or para positions (compounds 3, 4, 5 and 7), methyl (compounds 8 and 9), methoxyl (compounds 10 and 11), or ethoxy-carbonyl groups (compound 12) presented higher antifungal activity than compound 1, which had an unsubstituted aromatic ring. In addition, compounds with halogens in the ortho position, such as compounds 2 and 6, and a substitution with an acetyl group in the para position (compound 13) were less active. The role of the ABC efflux pump Bctr B-type as a defense mechanism of B. cinerea against these naphthalentrione derivatives was analyzed. This pump could be involved in the detoxification of compounds 2, 6, and 13. On the contrary, this mechanism would not participate in the detoxification of compounds 1, 7, 9 and 12. Finally, the biotransformation of compound 7 by B. cinerea was studied. A mixture of two biotransformed products was obtained. One of them was compound 7A, which is reduced at C1 and C4, compared to compound 7. The other product of biotransformation, 7B, is oxidized at C7.

In vitro antifungal activity of the diterpenoid 7 alpha-hydroxy-8(17)-labden-15-oic acid and its derivatives against Botrytis cinerea.

We investigated the inhibitory effect of the natural diterpenoids, 7alpha-hydroxy-8(17)-labden-15-oic acid (salvic acid, 1), 7alpha-acetanoyloxy-8(17)-labden-15-oic acid (acetylsalvic acid, 2) and the hemisynthetic diterpenoids 7alpha-acyloxy-8(17)-labden-15-oic acids derivatives, 7alpha-propanoyloxy-8(17)-labden-15-oic acid (propanoylsalvic acid, 3), 7alpha-butanoyloxy-8(17)-labden-15-oic acid (butanoylsalvic acid, 4) and 7alpha-isopentanoyloxy-8(17)-labden-15-oic acid (isopentanoylsalvic acid, 5), against Botrytis cinerea. Diterpenoid fungitoxicity was assessed using the radial growth test method. All diterpenoids, with the exception of isopentenoylsalvic acid, inhibited the mycelial growth of B. cinerea in solid media. Shortest side-chain diterpenoids were more effective than the derivatives with longer chains in the inhibition of B. cinerea mycelial growth. The results suggest that hydrophobicity and structural features would be important factors in the antifungal effect of these diterpenoids. Studies on a possible action mechanism of natural diterpenoids, salvic acid and acetylsalvic acid, showed that these diterpenoids exerted their effect by a different mechanism. Salvic acid did not alter cytoplasmic membrane or cause respiratory chain inhibition. Instead, acetylsalvic acid affected the cytoplasmic membrane producing leakage of 260-nm absorbing compounds.

Enfoque multidisciplinario sobre la respiración bucal: ampliación de la cadena kinésica. Trabajo original (3ra. parte) / A multidisciplinary approach to mouth breathing: amplifying the kinetic chain. Original work (3rd. part)

Continuamos la serie publicada en esta revista sobre la cadena kinética de Talmant y su ampliación por los autores, con varios eslabones más, ubicados éstos cerca o alejados de los originales. Logran aumentar y mejorar el diagnóstico del sindrome del respirador bucal (SRB). Esto permite el ordenamiento del plan de tratamiento que le corresponda cronológicamente a cada especialista médico, odontólogo ortodoncista o cirujano y licenciados paramédicos para actuar con mayores posibilidades de soluciones

Enfoque multidisciplinario sobre la respiración bucal. Trabajo original (2a. parte) / A multidisciplinary approach on mouth breathing. Original article (2nd. part)

Generalmente, el sindrome del respirador bucal, es tratado en forma personal o derivando en épocas no adecuadas a otras especialidades para tratamientos complementarios, en vez de solicitar información y consejos a equipos multidisciplinarios que afortunadamente ya existen, a los que aconsejamos aprovechar la amplitud diagnóstica de temas poco difundidos o no tenidos en cuenta que anunciamos y explicaremos en este número

Enfoque multidisciplinario sobre la respiración bucal / A multidisciplinary approach on mouth breathing

Se presenta un resumen de posibilidades multidisciplinarias para la atención de pacientes respiradores bucales y las aplicaciones terapéuticas complementarias según su edad, complejidad y gravedad de cada caso, para poder evaluar sus límites posibles de recuperación

Enfoque multidisciplinario sobre la respiración bucal. Parte 4: clasificación personal de las papadas / A multidisciplinary approach on mouth breathing. 4th part: personal classification of the chins

Continuando con la cadena kinésica de Talmant con aportes independientes, entre ellos de varios autores y nacionalidades, realizados antes y después de su concepción original, los autores los interrelacionamos y sumamos los propios a ella un 8vo. eslabón, -sobre la clasificación de las papadas- que finaliza esta serie de publicaciones. Consideramos que aún podremos ampliarla si nuestras actuales investigaciones confirman mediante pruebas clínicas la influencia en el síndrome sobre la posición ortostática y la orientación individual de los laberintos del oído interno (sic).

Novo biomaterial de reparaçäo e remodelaçäo óssea / A new material for bone remodeling

Os autores realizaram, em peças anatômicas, uma análise das possíveis aplicaçöes de um novo biomaterial (DAHLLITE) que substitui a hidroxiapatita em todas as suas utilizaçöes atuais em periodontia e implantodontia, e que pode ser aplicado ainda em cirurgia ortognática, estética, maxilo-facial e de A.T.M. Este material foi desenvolvido por Brent Constantz e sua equipe e aprovado pela U.S. FOOD AND DRUGS ADMINISTRATION para ser utilizado em seres humanos obtendo-se excelentes resultados na área de traumatologia geral.