Complementary feeding practices of caregivers of infants with Down syndrome as compared to caregivers of typically developing infants.

Caregiver feeding practices during the complementary feeding period (6 months-2 years) may be particularly important for infants with Down syndrome (DS) as they are at higher risk for later health conditions (e.g., obesity, diabetes) that can be influenced by early feeding practices. However, how well caregivers of infants with DS are meeting infant feeding evidence-based practices is relatively unknown. Caregivers of infants with DS (N = 75) and caregivers of typically developing (TD) infants (N = 66) aged 0-2 years completed an online survey about their infant feeding practices and information sources. Caregiver practices and information sources were statistically compared between groups. Results indicated that there are significant differences in the feeding practices of caregivers of infants with DS when compared to caregivers of TD infants. Caregivers of infants with DS were less likely to meet infant feeding evidence-based practices than caregivers of TD infants. Caregivers of infants with DS were also more concerned about their infant's food intake and later weight status. Some individual feeding practices also significantly differed between groups, with caregivers of infants with DS more likely to meet evidence-based practices of purchasing iron rich foods and avoiding added salt, but less likely to use responsive feeding practices than caregivers of TD infants. Caregivers of infants with DS were also less likely to receive information about how to navigate the complementary feeding period than caregivers of TD infants. Coupled with existing research, the results of the present study suggest that infant feeding evidence-based practices should be reviewed for their appropriateness for this population and additional support for caregivers of infants with DS should be implemented to help them navigate this important period.

Multi-State Implementation of Go NAPSACC to Support Healthy Practices in the Early Care and Education Setting.

Childhood obesity in the United States is a serious problem that puts children at risk for poor health. Effective state-wide interventions are needed to address childhood obesity risk factors. Embedding evidence-based initiatives into state-level Early Care and Education (ECE) systems has the potential to improve health environments and promote healthy habits for the 12.5 million children attending ECE programs. Go NAPSACC, an online program that was adapted from an earlier paper version of Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care (NAPSACC or NAP SACC), provides an evidence-based approach that aligns with national guidance from Caring for Our Children and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This study describes approaches undertaken across 22 states from May 2017 to May 2022 to implement and integrate Go NAPSACC into state-level systems. This study describes challenges encountered, strategies employed, and lessoned learned while implementing Go NAPSACC state-wide. To date, 22 states have successfully trained 1,324 Go NAPSACC consultants, enrolled 7,152 ECE programs, and aimed to impact 344,750 children in care. By implementing evidence-based programs, such as Go NAPSACC, ECE programs state-wide can make changes and monitor progress on meeting healthy best practice standards, increasing opportunities for all children to have a healthy start.

Temporal patterns of physical activity in successful weight loss maintainers.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Individuals successful at weight loss maintenance engage in high amounts of physical activity (PA). Understanding how and when weight loss maintainers accumulate PA within a day and across the week may inform PA promotion strategies and recommendations for weight management. METHODS: We compared patterns of PA in a cohort of weight loss maintainers (WLM, n = 28, maintaining ≥13.6 kg weight loss for ≥1 year, BMI 23.6 ± 2.3 kg/m2), controls without obesity (NC, n = 30, BMI similar to current BMI of WLM, BMI 22.8 ± 1.9 kg/m2), and controls with overweight/obesity (OC, n = 26, BMI similar to pre-weight loss BMI of WLM, 33.6 ± 5.1 kg/m2). PA was assessed during 7 consecutive days using the activPALTM activity monitor. The following variables were quantified; sleep duration, sedentary time (SED), light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), and steps. Data were examined to determine differences in patterns of PA across the week and across the day using mixed effect models. RESULTS: Across the week, WLM engaged in ≥60 min of MVPA on 73% of days, significantly more than OC (36%, p < 0.001) and similar to NC (59%, p = 0.10). Across the day, WLM accumulated more MVPA in the morning (i.e., within 3 h of waking) compared to both NC and OC (p < 0.01). WLM engaged in significantly more MVPA accumulated in bouts ≥10 min compared to NC and OC (p < 0.05). Specifically, WLM engaged in more MVPA accumulated in bouts of ≥60 min compared to NC and OC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: WLM engage in high amounts of MVPA (≥60 min/d) on more days of the week, accumulate more MVPA in sustained bouts, and accumulate more MVPA in the morning compared to controls. Future research should investigate if these distinct patterns of PA help to promote weight loss maintenance.

Increased frequency of intentional weight loss associated with reduced mortality: a prospective cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND: Due to the high prevalence of obesity and the difficulty in maintaining weight loss, repeated bouts of weight loss are a common occurrence. However, there are inconsistencies in epidemiological studies regarding repetitive weight fluctuations being associated with increased risk of mortality. Therefore, the purpose of this prospective cohort analysis was to determine the long-term association of the frequency of weight loss attempts on mortality. METHODS: This prospective cohort study used data collected from adult AARP members living in 6 states (California, Florida, Louisiana, New Jersey, North Carolina, or Pennsylvania) or 2 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Georgia, or Detroit, Michigan) and participating in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study between 2004 and 2006. Self-reported data were analyzed for 161,738 middle-aged adults. During an average 7 years of follow-up, 21,194 deaths were recorded. Hazard ratios of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality were estimated adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and behavioral risk factors. RESULTS: Increased frequency of weight loss attempts of at least five pounds was associated with lower mortality (ptrend < 0.010). Multivariate hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause death among individuals who successfully attempted weight loss compared with those who did not make any attempts were 0.94 (0.90-0.98) for 1-2 attempts, 0.96 (0.91-1.01) for 3-4 attempts, 0.91 (0.85-0.96) for 5-6 attempts, 0.91 (0.85-0.98) for 7-8 attempts, 0.87 (0.80-0.95) for 9-10 attempts, and 0.88 (0.82-0.94) for 11+ attempts. Similar results were noted for men and women, participants with healthy weight and overweight/obesity, and even among those who gained weight over time. Protective associations were also observed for deaths due to cardiovascular disease and cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Increased frequency of intentionally losing at least five pounds in mid-life was associated with a lower risk of future death. Repeated attempts with moderate amounts of weight loss may provide benefit in terms of longevity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00340015.

The effects of exercise session timing on weight loss and components of energy balance: midwest exercise trial 2.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Circadian physiology has been linked to body weight regulation and obesity. To date, few studies have assessed the association between exercise timing and weight related outcomes. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the impact of exercise timing (i.e., 24 h clock time of exercise session) on weight loss and components of energy balance. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Overweight/obese (BMI 25.0-39.9 kg/m2), physically inactive, young adults (~51% female) completed a 10-month supervised exercise program (400 or 600 kcal/session for 5 days/week) or served as non-exercise controls (CON). Participants were categorized based on the time of day in which they completed exercise sessions (Early-Ex: >50% of sessions completed between 7:00 and 11:59 am; (n = 21), Late-Ex: >50% of sessions completed between 3:00 and 7:00 pm; (n = 25), Sporadic-Ex: <50% of sessions completed in any time category; (n = 24), and CON; (n = 18)). Body weight, energy intake (EI; digital photography), and non-exercise physical activity (NEPA; accelerometer) were assessed at baseline, 3.5, 7, and 10 months. Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE; doubly labeled water), was assessed at baseline and 10 months. RESULTS: At month 10, weight loss was significantly greater in both Early-EX (-7.2 ± 1.2%; p < 0.001) and Sporadic-EX (- 5.5 ± 1.2%; p = 0.01) vs CON (+0.5 ± 1.0%), and Early-EX vs Late-EX (-2.1 ± 1.0%; p < 0.001). There were no between group differences for change in TDEE, EI, and non-exercise energy expenditure (P > 0.05). A significant group × time interaction (p = 0.02) was observed for NEPA (counts/min), however, after adjusting for multiple comparisons, group effects were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: Despite minimal differences in components of energy balance, Early-EX lost significantly more weight compared with Late-Ex. Although the mechanisms are unclear, the timing of exercise may be important for body weight regulation.

Results of caring and reaching for health (CARE): a cluster-randomized controlled trial assessing a worksite wellness intervention for child care staff.

BACKGROUND: Child care workers are among the lowest paid US workers and experience a wide array of health concerns. The physical and mental demands of their job and the lack of employer-provided health-insurance increase health risks. The Caring and Reaching for Health (CARE) study evaluated a 6-month Healthy Lifestyles intervention targeting child care workers' physical activity (primary outcome), other health behaviors, and their workplace health environment. METHODS: Eligible child care centers, defined as being in operation for at least 2 years and employing at least four staff, were enrolled into CARE's cluster-randomized trial. Centers and their child care staff were randomly assigned to either the Healthy Lifestyles (HL) intervention arm or the Healthy Finances (HF) attention control arm using a block randomization approach. Intervention components were delivered through in-person workshops, center-level displays, informational magazines, director coaching, electronic messaging, and an interactive website. Outcome measures were collected during center visits at baseline and immediately post-intervention by trained data collectors blinded to center arm assignment. Workers' physical activity was assessed with accelerometers, worn for 7 days. Secondary outcome measures included biometric assessments of health and fitness, web-based surveys about health behaviors, and an environmental audit of workplace supports for health. Multi-level linear mixed models assessed worker- and center-level changes in these outcomes. RESULTS: Participants included 553 child care workers representing 56 centers (HL = 250 staff/28 centers, HF = 303 staff/28 centers). At 6 months, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity declined slightly in both arms (- 1.3 min/day, 95% CI: - 3.0, 0.3 in HL; - 1.9 min/day, 95% CI: - 3.3, - 0.5 in HF), but there was no significant group by time interaction. Several secondary outcomes for other health behaviors and workplace health environment showed improvements in favor of the intervention arm, yet differences did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: While the Healthy Lifestyles intervention did not improve health behaviors or the workplace health environment, results confirmed the pressing need to focus on the health of child care workers. Future interventions should focus on prevalent health issues (e.g., weight, stress), include both high-tech and high-touch intervention strategies, and address work conditions or other social determinants of health (e.g. wages) as a means of improving the health of these essential workers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Care2BWell: Worksite Wellness for Child Care (NCT02381938).

Physical Activity Patterns in Children and Adolescents With Heart Disease.

PURPOSE: To quantify the differences in daily physical activity (PA) patterns, intensity-specific volumes, and PA bouts in youth with and without heart disease (HD). METHODS: Seven-day PA was measured on children/adolescents with HD (n = 34; median age 12.4 y; 61.8% male; 70.6% single ventricle, 17.7% heart failure, and 11.8% pulmonary hypertension) and controls without HD (n = 22; median age 12.3 y; 59.1% male). Mean counts per minute were classified as sedentary, light, and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and bouts of MVPA were calculated. PA was calculated separately for each hour of wear time from 8:00 to 22:00. Multilevel linear mixed modeling compared the outcomes, stratifying by group, time of day, and day part (presented as median percentage of valid wear time [interquartile range]). RESULTS: Compared with the controls, the HD group had more light PA (33.9% [15%] vs 29.6% [9.5%]), less MVPA (1.7% [2.5%] vs 3.2% [3.3%]), and more sporadic bouts (97.4% [5.7%] vs 89.9% [9.2%]), but fewer short (2.0% [3.9%] vs 7.1% [5.7%]) and medium-to-long bouts (0.0% [1.9%] vs 1.6% [4.6%]) of MVPA. The HD group was less active in the late afternoon, between 15:00 and 17:00 (P < .03). There were no differences between groups in sedentary time. CONCLUSION: Children/adolescents with HD exhibit differences in intensity-specific volumes, PA bouts, and daily PA patterns compared with controls.

Knowledge and perceptions of Zika virus transmission in the community of Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic.

BACKGROUND: Zika virus is associated with increased cases of both microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Community knowledge, perceptions and practices to prevent infection with the Zika virus are not well understood, particularly among high risk populations living in resource-poor and Zika-endemic areas. Our objective was to assess knowledge of symptoms, health effects and prevention practices associated with Zika virus in rural communities on the northern coast of the Dominican Republic. METHODS: Study participants were contacted while attending community events such as free medical clinics and invited to be interviewed regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of Zika virus using the World Health Organization's Zika survey tool. RESULTS: Of the 75 Dominicans that participated, 33% did not know who could become infected with Zika. In addition, only 40% of respondents were able to identify mosquitoes or sexual transmission as the primary routes of infection though 51% of respondents thought that Zika was an important issue in their community. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that general knowledge regarding the basic risks and transmission of Zika were not well understood among a sample of rural Dominicans. Our findings highlight disparities in knowledge and perception of risk from Zika in rural areas compared to previous studies conducted in the Dominican Republic. Education about the basic risks and transmission of Zika are critically needed in these remote populations to reduce Zika transmission.

Carbazole-containing amides and ureas: Discovery of cryptochrome modulators as antihyperglycemic agents.

A series of novel carbazole-containing amides and ureas were synthesized. A structure-activity relationship study of these compounds led to the identification of potent cryptochrome modulators. Based on the desired pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters and the results of efficacy studies in db/db mice, compound 50 was selected for further profiling.

Weight management in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A randomized controlled trial of two dietary approaches.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is equal to or greater than the general population. METHODS: Overweight/obese adults (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 ) with mild-to-moderate intellectual and developmental disabilities were randomized to an enhanced stop light diet (eSLD = SLD + portion-controlled meals, n = 78) or a conventional diet (CD, n = 72) for an 18 months trial (6 months weight loss, 12 months maintenance). Participants were asked to increase physical activity (150 min/week), self-monitor diet and physical activity and attend counselling/educational sessions during monthly home visits. RESULTS: Weight loss (6 months) was significantly greater in the eSLD (-7.0% ± 5.0%) compared with the CD group (-3.8% ± 5.1%, p < .001). However, at 18 months, weight loss between groups did not differ significantly (eSLD = -6.7% ± 8.3%; CD = 6.4% ± 8.6%; p = .82). CONCLUSION: The eSLD and CD provided clinically meaningful weight loss over 18 months in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

The influence of physical characteristics on the resting energy expenditure of youth: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the literature on resting energy expenditure (REE) of youth and determine the influence of age, sex, BMI, and body composition on REE. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, BIOSIS Previews, NTIS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Pascal databases for studies with data on resting metabolic rate, REE, resting oxygen uptake (or VO2 ) in healthy children, youth, or adolescents (age = 1-18 years). Over 200 publications were identified; sixty-one publications met criteria and were included in the meta-analyses, resulting in 142 study population estimates (totaling 5,397 youth) of REE. RESULTS: Pooled mean was 1414 kcal·day-1 with a significant and moderate-to-high between-study heterogeneity [Q(140) = 7912.42, P < 0.001; I2 = 98.97%]. A significantly greater (P < 0.001) pooled mean kcal·day-1 was estimated for studies with male participants (1519 kcal·day-1 ) comparing to studies with female participants (1338 kcal·day-1 ). Age, height, and body mass resulted in the highest R2 of 86.4 for males and 83.9% for females. Fat free mass and body mass index (BMI) did not improve total R2 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that using a linear equation including age, height, and body mass to estimate REE based on kcal·day-1 is more accurate than estimates based on body mass kcal·kg-1 ·h-1 . Further, if kcal·kg-1 ·h-1 is used, including a quadratic component for the physical characteristics improves the predictive ability of the equation. Regardless of the metric, separate equations should be used for each sex.

Breakfast Intake and Composition Is Associated with Superior Academic Achievement in Elementary Schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether breakfast consumption or content affects academic achievement measured by standardized tests. METHODS: Baseline data were collected in fall of 2011 from 698 students (50.5% female, age = 7.5 ± 0.6 years) living in the state of Kansas. Academic achievement was assessed using 3 components from the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT-III). Prior to taking the WIAT-III, participants completed a breakfast recall of all foods and drinks consumed that morning, which was analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R). WIAT-III scores were compared between breakfast and non-breakfast consumers in a sample (n = 162) matched for age, sex, race, education level of both parents, household income, body mass index (BMI), and cardiovascular fitness, and Pearson correlations were calculated from all breakfast eaters (n = 617) between test performance and components of the breakfast. RESULTS: When compared to non-breakfast consumers, the breakfast consumers had significantly higher scores in all 3 WIAT-III components (all p < 0.05). In breakfast consumers, servings of fruit juice were negatively correlated with reading comprehension and fluency standard score and mathematics standard score (both p < 0.0001), and greater servings of whole grains were significantly related to higher scores in reading comprehension and fluency and mathematics (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both breakfast consumption and the content may be associated with improved standardized test performance in elementary school students.

Longitudinal Weight Loss Patterns and their Behavioral and Demographic Associations.

BACKGROUND: Identification of weight change patterns may allow tailored interventions to improve long-term weight loss. PURPOSE: To identify patterns of weight change over 18 months, and assess participant characteristics and intervention adherence factors associated with weight change patterns in a sample of 359 overweight/obese adults. METHODS: Weight loss (0-6 months) was achieved with reduced energy intake and increased physical activity (PA). Maintenance (7-18 months) provided adequate energy to maintain weight and continued PA. RESULTS: Latent profile analysis identified three weight change profiles. During weight loss/maintenance, participants in profiles 2 and 3 (18-month weight loss ∼14 %) attended more behavioral sessions and performed more PA compared with profile 1 (18-month weight loss <1 %). Self-efficacy for both weight management and exercise barriers were higher in profiles 2 and 3 compared with profile 1 following weight loss and during maintenance. CONCLUSION: Weight change patterns can be identified and are associated with both participant characteristics and intervention adherence.

Carbazole-containing sulfonamides and sulfamides: Discovery of cryptochrome modulators as antidiabetic agents.

A series of novel carbazole-containing sulfonamides and sulfamides were synthesized. A structure-activity relationship study of these compounds led to the identification of potent cryptochrome modulators. Based on the results of efficacy studies in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, and the desired pharmacokinetic parameters, compound 41 was selected for further profiling.

Length of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity bouts and cardio-metabolic risk factors in elementary school children.

BACKGROUND: Accumulating moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in bouts of 10 min is associated with improved cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRF) in adults. PURPOSE: To assess the association between the lengths of MVPA bouts and CMRF in elementary school age children. METHODS: The sample included 396, 2nd and 3rd grade students from eastern Kansas (182 boys, 214 girls; age 7.6 ± 0.6 years; Body Mass Index Percentile [BMI%ile]: 61.6 ± 9.3) in the fall of 2011. Analyses were conducted in 2014. MVPA bouts were defined as sporadic (<5 min), short (5-<10 min) or medium-to-long (≥10 min). Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct subgroups (classes) based on the composition of MVPA bouts. Bayesian probability-based Wald chi-square test was used to compare CMRF between classes controlling for age, sex, BMI%ile, and total moderate and total vigorous PA. RESULTS: Three classes of accumulated physical activity were identified: A (n=78); 97% sporadic 2%, short, 1% medium-to-long bouts; B (n=174); 93% sporadic, 5% short, 2% medium-to-long; C (n=144); and 86% sporadic, 9% short, 5% medium-to-long bouts. Class C had significantly lower BMI%ile (57.3 ± 2.3 (SE)), waist circumference (WC; 55.8 ± 0.5 cm) compared with Class A (BMI%ile=70.9±0.5, p<0.01.030, WC=61.0 ± 1.0 cm, p=0.<0.01). Class B had significantly lower WC (56.6 ± 0.6 cm), p<0.01 than Class A. No significant differences between classes were shown in other outcomes. CONCLUSION: Children who accumulated MVPA with a higher percentage of short (5-<10 min) and medium-to-long bouts (≥10min) had lower BMI%ile, and WC compared with children who accumulated MVPA with a lower percentage short and medium-to-long bouts.

The interaction between social determinants of health, health behaviors, and child's intellectual developmental diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION: Social determinants of health (SDOH) may impact caregivers' ability to implement evidence-based health practices at home during early childhood, especially in families with children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Therefore, we examined the influence of SDOH and children's diagnosis (typically developing [TD], Down syndrome [DS], autism) on caregiver's self-report of meeting evidence-based health practices. METHODS: Caregivers (n=172) of children ages 2-6 years (TD: n=93, DS: n=40, autism: n=39) completed an online survey on SDOH and health practices related to child nutrition (CN), physical activity (PA), outdoor play (OP), and screen time (ST). A total SDOH score was computed by assigning 1 point for each favorable SDOH metric (range 0-13). Linear regressions were used to examine associations between SDOH and CN, PA, OP, ST health practices and the moderating effect of IDD diagnosis. RESULTS: Most caregivers were non-Hispanic White (84.3%), female (76.7%), 18-35 years old (55.2%), and married (89.5%). The DS group had the lowest SDOH score (mean = 8.4±1.0) compared to autism (mean = 10.1±1.0) and TD (mean = 11.0±0.9). No family scored 100% in evidence-based practices for any health practice. SDOH score was significantly associated with evidence-based practices met score for CN (b = 1.94, 95% CI = 0.84, 3.04; p = 0.001) and PA (b = 4.86, 95% CI = 2.92, 6.79; p <0.0001). Moderation analysis showed no association in the DS and autism groups between SDOH score and CN percent total score, or between SDOH score and CN, PA, and OP for percent evidence-based practices met. SDOH score was also not associated with OP percent total score for the DS group. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the differential influence of SDOH on caregivers' implementing health practices in families with children of different IDD diagnoses. Future research is needed to understand impacts of SDOH on non-typically developing children.

2024 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities: An update of activity codes and energy expenditure values.

PURPOSE: This paper presents an update of the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities designed for wheelchair users and is referred to as the 2024 Wheelchair Compendium. The Wheelchair Compendium aims to curate existing knowledge of the energy expenditure for wheelchair physical activities (PAs). METHODS: A systematic review of the published energy expenditure of PA for wheelchair users was completed between 2011 and May 2023. We added these data to the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium data that was compiled previously in a systematic review through 2011. RESULTS: A total of 47 studies were included, and 124 different wheelchair PA reported energy expenditure values ranging from 0.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users (filing papers, light effort) to 11.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users (Nordic sit skiing). CONCLUSION: In introducing the updated 2024 Wheelchair Compendium, we hope to bridge the resource gap and challenge the prevailing narratives that inadvertently exclude wheelchair users from physical fitness and health PAs.

2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities: A third update of the energy costs of human activities.

BACKGROUND: The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity (PA) across studies. The original version was updated in 2000, and again in 2011, and has been widely used to support PA research, practice, and public health guidelines. METHODS: This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those ≥60 years. Using a systematic review and supplementary searches, we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent (MET) values (using indirect calorimetry) published since 2011. We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible. RESULTS: We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers. We added 303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults. We added a Major Heading (Video Games). The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs (912 with measured and 202 with estimated values) across 22 Major Headings. CONCLUSION: This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium, which has utility across research, public health, education, and healthcare domains, as well as in the development of consumer health technologies. The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://pacompendium.com.

Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities: Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older.

PURPOSE: To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults ≥60 years (OA Compendium). METHODS: Physical activities (PAs) and their metabolic equivalent of task (MET) values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases (PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus (EBSCOhost), and Scopus) and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older adults. MET values were computed as the oxygen cost (VO2, mL/kg/min) during PA divided by 2.7 mL/kg/min (MET60+) to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older adults. RESULTS: We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 PAs. From these, we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET60+ values for older adults. We developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET60+ values: https://pacompendium.com. CONCLUSION: The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults ≥60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older adults. It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers, educators, and practitioners to find MET60+ values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.

Go NAPSACC On-Demand Trainings for Early Care and Education Providers: Development and Dissemination.

Twenty-two on-demand nutrition training sessions were developed for Early Care and Education providers and disseminated in 21 states using the Go Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care (Go NAPSACC) platform. The training was developed using the DESIGN (decide target behavior, explore determinants, select theory-based model, indicate objectives, generate education plans, and nail down the evaluation) procedure framework, adult learning principles, and behavior change techniques purposively disseminated. More than 96% of the nearly 3,000 providers who completed training in year 1 reported anticipated application of what they learned. On-demand training integrated into existing systems can potentially increase training access for hard-to-reach groups. Strategic promotion may be needed to encourage engagement of non-Child and Adult Care Food Program participating programs and completion of targeted modules.