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Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally. In developed countries, effective screening programs reduced its burden. However, in Ethiopia, cervical cancer remains a major public health problem despite the screening service being available free of charge. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess women's willingness for cervical cancer screening services and associated factors among women attending health services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Design: An institutional-based, analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted among sexually active women attending health facilities from August to September 2022. Methods: A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Logistic regression was used to determine different variables' frequencies and associated factors. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Four hundred twenty-two women were approached, and 394 (93.4%) met the study inclusion criteria. Study participants had a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 6 sexual partners in their lives. A total of 256 (64.9%) study participants had heard about cervical cancer. Among those who heard about cervical cancer, only 22 (8.6%) had been tested for cervical cancer. Of those who did not receive cervical cancer screening, only 175 (47.0%) are willing to receive cervical cancer screening. Age, religion, marital status, place of residence, educational level, occupation, and hearing about cervical cancer were found to be statistically significant. Women who heard about cervical cancer were 15.2 times more likely to take the test compared to those who never heard about cervical cancer before the study. Conclusion: Women's willingness to be screened for cervical cancer is low despite many of the study participants having more than one partner in their lives and being at risk for cervical cancer. Only a few participants had been screened for cervical cancer. Women who had heard about cervical cancer were more likely to take the screening service compared to those who had never heard it before. This highlights the need to prioritize raising awareness about the benefits of cervical cancer screening services.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The recent expansion of higher education institutions in Ethiopia provides an opportunity for many citizens who did not previously have access to higher or university level education. This opportunity, however, comes with its own challenges, such as ensuring that minimum standards are set and maintaining quality where pedagogical concerns are compromised. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of teaching without pedagogical training, in St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS: An institutional-based qualitative phenomenological study was conducted through an in-depth interview, using purposive sampling techniques. Participants were instructors and students selected from SPHMMC who had participated in the teaching or learning process or at least 24 months. Owing to data saturation, only 16 instructors and seven students were interviewed, using open-ended and semi-structured questions. Tape recorders and field notes were used. Based on thematic aggregation, the content of the responses was analyzed. RESULTS: Only one of the 16 instructors had received pedagogical training for more than one year. Twelve instructors had received 2 days to 2 weeks of training, and the rest were using a personal method of teaching. During the recruitment procedure, only one instructor had been asked to verify their pedagogical background. However, all respondents confirmed that pedagogical training is very important to facilitate the teaching-learning process. In this study, most of the instructors practiced their personal teaching methods, which resulted in no common delivery system of teaching content, which can be huge, no lesson plan, no clear objectives to courses, poor time management, different instructors having overlapping course content, no table of specifications, and no proper evaluation mechanisms for either the students' or the teachers' performance. On the students' side, because of the vast and unplanned course content and poor time management, their participation in the learning process was insufficient, which could affect their learning. CONCLUSION: Because of the gap in pedagogical training, college teachers use personal teaching methods, and this negatively affects the standardization of delivery methods. To improve this drawback, proper pedagogical training should be provided for all teachers. This would help them to deliver quality education and to produce competent graduates from the institute to supply the workforce.