Arthroscopic inferior leaf meniscectomy of the involved anterior horn in the lateral meniscus horizontal tear via an accessary extreme far anteromedial portal.

BACKGROUND: An accessory extreme far anteromedial portal can improve visualisation and ease inferior leaf meniscectomy in patients with lateral meniscal anterior horn horizontal tears. However, the therapeutic outcomes of adding an accessory extreme far anteromedial portal remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of adding an accessory extreme far anteromedial portal for treating lateral meniscal horizontal tears involving the anterior horns. METHODS: This retrospective study included 101 patients with anterior horn involvement in lateral meniscal horizontal tears who underwent arthroscopic unstable inferior leaf meniscectomy between January 2016 and December 2020. The pathologies were diagnosed using physical examinations and magnetic resonance imaging. The anterior horn involved in the lateral meniscal horizontal tears was treated using inferior leaf meniscectomy. The primary endpoints were changes in the visual analogue scale, Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee, and Tegner scores at the final follow-up. The secondary endpoint was meniscal cure rate at 3 months postoperatively. The preoperative and postoperative functional scores were compared. The occurrence of complications was recorded. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of 4.9 ± 1.2 years (range 2.3-7.5 years). After 4 months, none of the patients experienced pain, weakness, instability, or tenderness in the lateral joint line, achieving an imaging cure rate of 98%. At the final follow-up, significant postoperative improvements were observed in the average values of the visual analogue scale score (3.5 ± 0.7 vs. 0.7 ± 0.6), Lysholm score (62.7 ± 4.4 vs. 91.8 ± 3.1), International Knee Documentation Committee score (61.9 ± 3.7 vs. 91.7 ± 9.5), and Tegner score (2.0 ± 0.7 vs. 6.1 ± 0.7). Excellent Lysholm scores were obtained in 81 patients, and good outcomes were obtained in 18 patients, with an excellent-to-good rate of 98.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Inferior leaf resection via the accessory far anteromedial portal is a safe treatment option for the involved anterior horn in lateral meniscal horizontal tears. This approach enhances visibility and facilitates surgical procedures, with minimal complications.

Clinical outcomes following direct anterior approach during total hip arthroplasty without hip extension: a retrospective comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Traditional total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the direct anterior approach (DAA) requires a hip extension. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing THA with DAA using either the no hip extension (NHE) or the traditional hip extension (THE) strategy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of demographics, clinical and radiological outcomes, and occurrence of complications was performed using data from 123 patients treated between January 2020 and November 2021. The patients were categorised into two groups: NHE (84 patients) and THE (39 patients). RESULTS: The NHE group exhibited shorter operative time and had more male participants with higher ages. Comparable outcomes were observed in the visual analogue scale, Harris Hip, and Oxford Hip scores at the final follow-up. Furthermore, complications were observed in the NHE and THE groups, including two and one greater trochanteric fractures and three and one transfusions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the THE, employing the NHE strategy during THA with DAA in elderly and young female patients resulted in comparable clinical outcomes with several advantages, such as favourable surgical time. The NHE method also exhibited good safety and effectiveness. Therefore, the NHE strategy may be a favourable option for elderly and young female patients.

Hip effusion/synovitis influences results after multiple drilling core decompression for bone marrow edema syndrome of hip.

BACKGROUND: At present, it is not known whether hip effusion/synovitis affects the therapeutic effect of multiple drilling core decompression (MDCD) in patients with bone marrow edema syndrome of hip (BMESH). The aims were to assess hip effusion/synovitis and its relationship with results of MDCD in patients with BMESH. METHODS: The data of undergoing arthroscopic-assisted MDCD for treatment of BMESH with hip effusion/synovitis by one surgeon were retrospectively reviewed from the associated medical records at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (2016-2019). Seven patients (9 hips) participated in this study. Patients were followed up at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Data included demographics and clinical outcomes. The pre- and postoperative pain and functional outcomes were measured with the visual analogue scale (VAS), Harris Hip Score (HHS), Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living subscale (HOS-ADL), International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (iHOT-12) and range of motion (ROM). RESULTS: Seven patients (9 hips) were followed up. Disappearance of hip pain immediately obtained at rest after surgery. All of 7 patients returned to their former activity level at postoperative 3 months, bone marrow edema had disappeared on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The VAS, HHS, HOS-ADL, iHOT-12, and ROM at postoperative 1 month had a significant difference (P < 0.05) compared with preoperative. It was also statistically significant (P < 0.05) when compared with other time points. At the final follow-up, all patients had no limited ROM, which was symmetrical with the contralateral of hip joint. Hip effusion/synovitis were observed in 9 hips. Labral tears, cartilage fissure, and loose bodies were observed in 1 hip, respectively. Kirschner wire tracks bleeding occurred in 1 hip. No other complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Hip effusion/synovitis could affect the clinical outcomes after MDCD in patients with BMESH. Arthroscopic procedure of hip effusion/synovitis can shorten postoperative pain relief time, disappearance time of bone marrow edema on MRI. It can simultaneously diagnose and treat other concomitant intraarticular pathologies, and be a safe operation with fewer complications.

The Keto-Switched Photocatalysis of Reconstructed Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

The keto-switched photocatalysis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for efficient H2 evolution was reported for the first time by engineering, at a molecular level, the local structure and component of the skeletal building blocks. A series of imine-linked BT-COFs were synthesized by the Schiff-base reaction of 1, 3, 5-benzenetrialdehyde with diamines to demonstrate the structural reconstruction of enol to keto configurations by alkaline catalysis. The keto groups of the skeletal building blocks served as active injectors, where hot π-electrons were provided to Pt nanoparticles (NPs) across a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) insulting layer. The characterization results, together with density functional theory calculations, indicated clearly that the formation of keto-injectors not only made the conduction band level more negative, but also led to an inhomogeneous charge distribution in the donor-acceptor molecular building blocks to form a strong intramolecular built-in electric field. As a result, visible-light photocatalysis of TP-COFs-1 with one keto group in the skeletal building blocks was successfully enabled and achieved an impressive H2 evolution rate as high as 0.96 mmol g-1 h-1 . Also, the photocatalytic H2 evolution rates of the reconstructed BT-COFs-2 and -3 with two and three keto-injectors were significantly enhanced by alkaline post-treatment.

Tumor characteristics associated with engraftment of patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer xenografts in immunocompromised mice.

BACKGROUND: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models increasingly are used in translational research. However, the engraftment rates of patient tumor samples in immunodeficient mice to PDX models vary greatly. METHODS: Tumor tissue samples from 308 patients with non-small cell lung cancer were implanted in immunodeficient mice. The patients were followed for 1.5 to approximately 6 years. The authors performed histological analysis of PDXs and some residual tumor tissues in mice with failed PDX growth at 1 year after implantation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay were performed to measure the levels of Epstein-Barr virus genes and human immunoglobulin G in PDX samples. Patient characteristics were compared for PDX growth and overall survival as outcomes using Cox regression analyses. Disease staging was based on the 7th TNM staging system. RESULTS: The overall engraftment rate for PDXs from patients with non-small cell lung cancer was 34%. Squamous cell carcinomas had a higher engraftment rate (53%) compared with adenocarcinomas. Tumor samples from patients with stage II and stage III disease and from larger tumors were found to have relatively high engraftment rates. Patients whose tumors successfully engrafted had worse overall survival, particularly those individuals with adenocarcinoma, stage III or stage IV disease, and moderately differentiated tumors. Lymphoma formation was one of the factors associated with engraftment failure. Human CD8-positive and CD20-positive cells were detected in residual samples of tumor tissue that failed to generate a PDX at 1 year after implantation. Human immunoglobulin G was detected in the plasma of mice that did not have PDX growth at 14 months after implantation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study indicate that the characteristics of cancer cells and the tumor immune microenvironment in primary tumors both can affect engraftment of a primary tumor sample.

Patient-derived tumor immune microenvironments in patient-derived xenografts of lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Because patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are grown in immunodeficient mouse strains, PDXs are regarded as lacking an immune microenvironment. However, whether patients' immune cells co-exist in PDXs remains uncharacterized. METHODS: We cultured small pieces of lung PDX tissue in media containing human interleukin-2 and characterized the proliferated lymphocytes by flow cytometric assays with antibodies specific for human immune cell surface markers. Presence of immune cells in PDXs was also determined by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were cultured from nine of 25 PDX samples (36%). The mean time of PDX growth in immunodeficient mice before obtaining TILs in culture was 113 days (range 63-292 days). The TILs detected in PDXs were predominantly human CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, or CD19+ B cells, depending on cases. DNA fingerprint analysis showed that the TILs originated from the same patients as the PDXs. Further analysis of two PDX-derived CD8+ T cells showed that they were PD-1-, CD45RO+, and either CD62L+ or CD62L-, suggesting they were likely memory T cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed that human T cells (CD8+ or CD4+), B cells (CD19+), and macrophages (CD68+) were present in stroma or intraepithelial cancer structures and that human PD-L1 was expressed in stromal cells. Moreover, the patient-derived immune cells in PDX can be passaged to the F2 generation and may migrate to spleens of PDX-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS: Patient-derived immune cells co-exist in early passages of PDXs in some lung cancer PDX models. The CD8+ cells from PDXs were likely memory T cells. These results suggest that PDXs can be used for evaluating the functionality of immune components in tumor microenvironments.

The Aboveground Vegetation Type and Underground Soil Property Mediate the Divergence of Soil Microbiomes and the Biological Interactions.

The composition of the soil microbiome is influenced by environmental (abiotic) variables and biological interactions (biotic factors). To determine whether the aboveground vegetation and soil physicochemical properties were the main determinant of beta-diversity and biological interaction of soil microbial community, we sampled soils from the temperate coniferous forest and grassland. Clustering of operational taxonomic units was conducted using 16S rRNA gene. We found that the microbial composition of the rhizospheres, in which root exudates influence the microbial environment, show lower alpha-diversity than that of nonroot soils. The nonsignificant rhizosphere effect suggested other undetermined factors or stochastic processes accounted for microbial diversity in the rhizosphere. More significant microbe-microbe interactions were observed in forest and rhizosphere soils relative to the grassland soils. The elevated number of positive correlations for relative abundances in forest soil implied beneficial associations being common among bacteria, in particular within the rhizosphere environment. The particular soil properties generated by root exudates also alter the physicochemical properties of soil such as K and pH value, and might in turn favor the adoption of teamwork-cooperation strategies for microbe-microbe interactions, represented as large clusters of positive associations among bacterial taxa. Specific biological interactions differentiated the microbiomes within forest soils. Thus, the environmental selection pressure of aboveground vegetation accounts for differences between soil microbiomes while biotic factors are responsible for fine-scale differences of the microbial community in forest soils.

Evaluation of BMP-2 Enhances the Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Amnion Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Collagen/Poly(l-Lactide).

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), human amnion mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), and nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(l-lactide) (nHAC/PLA) in tissue engineering to provide potential approaches for periodontal bone regeneration. METHODS: hAMSCs were isolated from discarded amniotic membrane samples and cultured in vitro. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were performed to evaluate the osteoblast (OB) differentiation ability of hAMSCs. Three groups were divided: the experimental group (cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-rhBMP-2), the blank group (cells without gene transfection), and the control group (cells transfected with empty plasmid). RT-PCR and western blot were used to examine whether rhBMP-2 has been successfully expressed. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazol(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazo-liumromide assay (MTT) was done to detect the effect of rhBMP-2 on hAMSCs seeded on nHAC/PLA. ALP activity, mineral formation assay, calcium, phosphate and osteocalcin (OCN) content, and OCN and RUNX2 expression of hAMSCs were detected to evaluate osteogenic differentiation capability of rhBMP-2 on hAMSCs seeded on nHAC/PLA. RESULTS: hAMSCs exhibited intense ALP staining, obvious calcium deposition, and mineralization nodules, and rhBMP-2 were highly expressed in the experimental group. The proliferation of the hAMSCs with rhBMP-2 on nHAC/PLA was significantly higher than the cells without rhBMP-2, and the cells all increased in a time-dependent manner. rhBMP-2 significantly increased the OCN and phosphate content, mineral formation, ALP activity, osteogenic biomarkers OCN, and Runx2, and decreased calcium content in hAMSCs seeded on the nHAC/PLA scaffold. CONCLUSIONS: This finding demonstrated that hAMSCs has an ideal OB differentiation ability. rhBMP-2 facilitates the proliferation and osteogenesis of hAMSCs. The nHAC/PLA could act as a good scaffold for hAMSCs seeding, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. The application of rhBMP-2, nHAC/PLA, and hAMSCs in tissue engineering may offer promising possibilities for periodontal bone regeneration.

Prodrug oncrasin-266 improves the stability, pharmacokinetics, and safety of NSC-743380.

Through synthetic lethality screening of isogenic cell lines with and without the oncogenic KRAS gene and through lead compound optimization, we recently developed a novel anticancer agent designated NSC-743380 (oncrasin-72) that has promising in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity in a subset of cancer cell lines, including KRAS-mutant cancer cells. However, NSC-743380 tends to form dimers, which dramatically reduces its anticancer activity. To improve the physicochemical properties of NSC-743380, we synthesized a prodrug of NSC-743380, designated oncrasin-266, by modifying NSC-743380 with cyclohexylacetic acid and evaluated its in vitro and in vivo properties. Oncrasin-266 spontaneously hydrolyzed in phosphate-buffered saline in a time-dependent manner and was more stable than NSC-743380 in powder or stock solutions. In vivo administration of oncrasin-266 in mice led to the release of NSC-743380 which improved the pharmacokinetics of NSC-743380. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that oncrasin-266 was deposited in liver, whereas released NSC-743380 was detected in liver, lung, kidney, and subcutaneous tumor. Oncrasin-266 was better tolerated in mice at a higher dose level treatment (150-300 mg/kg, ip) than the parent agent was, suggesting that the prodrug reduced the acute toxicity of the parent agent. Our results demonstrated that the prodrug strategy could improve the stability, pharmacokinetic properties, and safety of NSC-743380.

The quality of written instructions for dental prostheses in China.

PURPOSE: To investigate the quality of written instructions for dental prostheses in China, including metal-ceramic fixed restorations and removable partial dentures (RPDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1600 prepiloted questionnaires were distributed to five major commercial dental laboratories in different regions in China. The opinions of dental technicians on the written instructions provided by dentists were investigated. In addition, this study also revealed the technicians' responses to poorly written instructions. RESULTS: Seven percent of the written instructions clarified the disinfection status of the impressions or casts, while 32% of the instructions provided general patient information (e.g., gender and age). In cases of metal-ceramic fixed restorations, percentages of written instructions specifying shade, ceramic veneering area, and margin design were 72%, 20%, and 9%, respectively. In fixed partial denture cases, 60% of written instructions provided the number of pontics, while 22% specified the pontic design. In the case of RPDs, 90% of instructions showed the type and position of clasps, 88% provided connector design, while 68% mentioned information regarding the artificial teeth. Dental technicians claimed that 78% of the written instructions involved were inadequately prescribed to some extent, but only about one-third of them would contact dentists for clarification. CONCLUSIONS: Written instructions are not well prescribed in many cases. This situation may jeopardize the quality of prosthodontic treatment. It is necessary to shape responsible policy and mandatory professional guidelines for prosthodontic treatment procedures including dental laboratory services.

[Early-term effectiveness of Latarjet procedure by coracoid osteotomy with preserving coracoacromial ligament for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation].

Objective: To evaluate the early-term effectiveness of Latarjet procedure with double EndoButtons fixation for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation by coracoid osteotomy with preserving coracoacromial ligament. Methods: Between January 2021 and June 2023, 19 patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations were treated by arthroscopic Latarjet procedure with double EndoButtons fixation, all of which underwent coracoid osteotomy with preserving the coracoacromial ligament. There were 11 males and 8 females, with an average age of 23.3 years (range, 17-32 years). Shoulder dislocations ranged from 3 to 11 times, with an average of 6.4 times. The disease duration ranged from 3 to 35 months, with an average of 12.9 months. All apprehension tests were positive. Imaging examination showed that the defect width of the ipsilateral glenoid bone was 13%-26%, with an average of 19.8%. After operation, the shoulder range of motion was examined, including flexion lift, lateral external rotation, extension 90° external rotation, and internal rotation. Shoulder joint function was evaluated by Walch-Duplay score, American Association for Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (ASES) score, and Rowe score. Imaging examinations were taken to observe the position and shaping of coracoid. Results: All incisions healed by first intention and no nerve or vessel injury occurred. All patients were followed up 9-24 months (mean, 14.5 months). There was no recurrence of shoulder dislocation and the apprehension tests were negative during follow-up. There was no significant difference in the shoulder range of motion (flexion lift, lateral external rotation, extension 90° external rotation, and internal rotation) between preoperation and at last follow-up ( P>0.05). The Walch-Duplay score, ASES score, and Rowe score significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). Postoperative imaging showed that coracoid graft was at the same level with the glenoid in all cases; the center of coracoid graft was located between 3 to 5 o'clock. During follow-up, there was no glenohumeral joint degeneration, the acromiaohumeral distance was not reduced when compared with preoperation, and the coracoid bone gradually formed concentric circles with the humeral head. Conclusion: The Latarjet procedure with double EndoButtons fixation can effectively treat recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation by coracoid osteotomy with preserving coracoacromial ligament, and the early-term effectiveness is satisfactory.

MiR-122-5p regulates erastin-induced ferroptosis via CS in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor that occurs in the nasopharynx. Although advances in detection and treatment have improved the prognosis of NPC the treatment of advanced NPC remains challenging. Here, we explored the effect of microRNA (miR)-122-5p on erastin-induced ferroptosis in NPC cells and the role of ferroptosis in the development of NPC. The effect of miR-122-5p silencing and overexpression and the effect of citrate synthase on erastin-induced lipid peroxidation in NPC cells was analyzed by measuring the amounts of malondialdehyde, Fe2+, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species and the morphological alterations of mitochondria. The malignant biological behavior of NPC cells was examined by cell counting kit-8, EDU, colony formation, Transwell, and wound healing assays. The effects of miR-122-5p on cell proliferation and migration associated with ferroptosis were examined in vivo in a mouse model of NPC generated by subcutaneous injection of NPC cells. We found that erastin induced ferroptosis in NPC cells. miR-122-5p overexpression inhibited CS, thereby promoting erastin-induced ferroptosis in NPC cells and decreasing NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

[Mid-term effectiveness of modified arthroscopic suture button fixation Latarjet procedure for treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations].

Objective: To summarize mid-term effectiveness of modified arthroscopic suture button fixation Latarjet procedure for treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations. Methods: Between January 2018 and October 2020, 30 patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations were treated with modified arthroscopic suture button fixation Latarjet procedure. There were 19 males and 11 females with an average age of 27.3 years (range, 18-41 years). The shoulder dislocation occurred 3-7 times, with an average of 4.9 times. The time from the last dislocation to operation was 3-10 days, with an average of 4.1 days. Glenoid defects exceeded 20% in all cases. There were 27 cases of Hill-Sachs lesions. The joint pain and function were estimated by visual analogue scale (VAS) score, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score, Rowe score, American Association for Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (ASES) score, Walch-Duplay score, and the range of external rotation at 0° and external rotation at 90° abduction of shoulder before operation and at 1 month, 6 months, and last follow-up. The X-ray film, CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction were reviewed to observe the position, healing, and absorption of the coracoid graft, correction of glenoid defect, and joint degeneration. Results: The operation time ranged from 51 to 79 minutes, with an average of 68.4 minutes. All incisions healed without complications such as nerve or blood vessel injury. All patients were followed up 36-60 months with an average of 44.6 months. The VAS score, UCLA score, Rowe score, ASES score, Walch-Duplay score, and the range of external rotation at 0° and external rotation at 90° abduction after operation significantly improved when compared with preoperative values ( P<0.05). All indicators further improved with time, and the differences between different time points after operation were significant ( P<0.05). Imaging review showed that the coracoid graft was located in the anteroinferior glenoid at 1 day after operation, and no occurrence of shoulder osteoarthritis was found during follow-up. The anatomical structure of the glenoid was normal, and no delayed healing or non-union of the coracoid graft occurred. At 20 months after operation, arthroscopic re-exploration was performed in 1 case due to fracutre caused by falling injury revealed the good shaping of the coracoid graft, smooth glenoid, and no bone resorption or osteoarthritis. Conclusion: For recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations, the modified arthroscopic suture button fixation Latarjet procedure can obtain good recovery of shoulder function and low incidence of complications and has a good mid-term effectiveness.

Mechanisms of response and tolerance to active RAS inhibition in KRAS-mutant NSCLC.

Resistance to inactive state-selective RASG12C inhibitors frequently entails accumulation of RASGTP, rendering effective inhibition of active RAS potentially desirable. Here, we evaluated the anti-tumor activity of the RAS(ON) multi-selective tri-complex inhibitor RMC-7977 and dissected mechanisms of response and tolerance in KRASG12C-mutant NSCLC. Broad-spectrum, reversible RASGTP inhibition with or without concurrent covalent targeting of active RASG12C yielded superior and differentiated antitumor activity across diverse co-mutational KRASG12C-mutant NSCLC mouse models of primary or acquired RASG12C(ON) or (OFF) inhibitor resistance. Interrogation of time-resolved single cell transcriptional responses established an in vivo atlas of multi-modal acute and chronic RAS pathway inhibition in the NSCLC ecosystem and uncovered a regenerative mucinous transcriptional program that supports long-term tumor cell persistence. In patients with advanced KRASG12C-mutant NSCLC, the presence of mucinous histological features portended poor response to sotorasib or adagrasib. Our results have potential implications for personalized medicine and the development of rational RAS inhibitor-anchored therapeutic strategies.

Effect of different pre-hospital first aid methods on the efficacy and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction with left heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pre-hospital first aid for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important way to save patients. However, there are still some disputes about the way of pre-hospital first aid. Therefore, this paper provides a Meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and prognosis of different prehospital care for AMI with left heart failure. Methods: By searching the published studies in the databases, the literature related to the pre-hospital first aid for patients with AMI and left heart failure was screened out. The quality of the literature was evaluated according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS), and the corresponding data were extracted for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed on 7 outcome indicators (clinical effect of patients after treatment, respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), survival status, and incidence of complications). A funnel plot and Egger's test were used to test risk of bias. Results: A total of 16 articles were finally included, comprising a total of 1,465 patients. The literature quality evaluation found that 8 literatures were rated as low risk of bias, and 8 literatures were rated as medium risk of bias. The meta-analysis results showed that the clinical effect of the first aid and then transportation group was better than that of the transportation and then first aid group [risk ratio (RR) =1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27 to 1.45, P<0.01]; the respiratory rate decreased [mean difference (MD) =-4.84, 95% CI: -6.50 to -3.18, P<0.01]; the heart rate decreased (MD =-11.34, 95% CI: -12.69 to -9.99, P<0.01); SBP decreased (MD =-6.00, 95% CI: -10.00 to -2.00, P<0.01); the DBP decreased (MD =-3.54, 95% CI: -4.45 to -2.64, P<0.01); the survival status of the patients improved (RR =1.29, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.41, P<0.01); the incidence of complications was reduced (RR =0.31, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.48, P<0.01). Conclusions: Pre-hospital first aid and then transportation can significantly improve the clinical treatment effect of patients. However, considering that the literatures included in this paper are non-randomized controlled studies and the overall quality of the included literatures is not high and the number of studies is limited, further exploration is needed.

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA): Unveiling its role in cancer progression and implications for early detection.

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a special class of circular DNA in eukaryotes, which is independent of conventional chromosomes. These circular molecules play important roles in biology, especially in cancer biology. The emergence of sequencing technologies such as CCDA-seq and Amplicon Architect has led to a progressive unraveling of the mystery of ecDNA. Consequently, insights into its function and potential applications have begun to surface. Among these studies, the most noteworthy research pertains to cancer-related investigations into ecDNA. Numerous studies have underscored the significance of ecDNA in the pathogenesis of cancer and its role in accelerating cancer evolution. This review provides an overview of the source, structure, and function of ecDNA, while compiling recent advancements in ecDNA in the field of cancer. Nonetheless, further research is imperative to determine its effectiveness and specificity as a biomarker for early cancer detection.

Unravelling the dynamics of soil microbial communities under the environmental selection and range shift process in afforestation ecosystems.

The process of forest range shift not only affects the vegetation aboveground but also influences the dynamics of belowground microbial communities. To investigate the changes in soil under forest range shift, we examined the natural forest soil microbiome along with its corresponding physicochemical properties, as well as the afforestation of natural forest by seedlings and sowing. By utilizing natural forests and employing different afforestation methods, we simulated the three stages of forest range shift: the staging stage, regeneration, and colonization. We employed network analysis and phylogenetic assemblages to examine the structure of soil microbial communities during these three stages in a macro-environmental change context. Ordination and regression analyses were also used to explore the correlation between microorganisms, environmental factors, and changes in their niches. The findings revealed that different afforestation (range shift) types led to distinct microbial compositions. Seedling afforestation exhibited similarities to mature forests, suggesting a significant influence on below-ground microorganisms. In contrast, sowing-based afforestation resulted in small changes in soil microbes, indicating a legacy effect on grassland soils. The impact of the rhizosphere on microbial composition remained consistent across the three forest types. Overall, this study underscores the significance of forest range shift in shaping soil microbial communities and emphasizes the need to consider these dynamics in forest management and restoration endeavours.

Pyomelanin production via heterologous expression of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) and construction of HPPD inhibitor screening model.

Melanin has an increasing market demand in cosmetics, food, medicine as well as aerospace due to its unique properties. Heterologous expression of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) from the melanin-producing strain Streptomyces fungicidicus NW-EN1 in Escherichia coli shortened the fermentation cycle of melanin. HPPD catalyzed 4-hydrophenylpyruvate (HPP) to form homologous acid (HGA) and finally form melanin. The purified melanin had the highest absorption peak at 460 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope scanning showed that the pigment had universal characteristic peaks. The presence of HGA, a predictor of pyomelanin, was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The recombinant E. coli produced 804.4 ± 5.9 mg/L pyomelanin within 48 h. Metal ions had a great influence on the production of pyomelanin. Pyomelanin was stable in response to light intensity and had a protective effect against bacteria under UV irradiation. Meanwhile, we utilized the chromogenic effect after whole-cell catalysis to reflect the inhibition of the HPPD inhibitors (mesotrione and isoxaflutole) on HPPD by observing the color change. As a rapid method to test the action of inhibitors, this method is expected to be useful for the development of HPPD-inhibiting herbicides.

Why Treg should be the focus of cancer immunotherapy: The latest thought.

Regulatory T cells are a subgroup of T cells with immunomodulatory functions. Different from most cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells, they play a supporting role in the immune system. What's more, regulatory T cells often play an immunosuppressive role, which mainly plays a role in maintaining the stability of the immune system and regulating the immune response in the body. However, recent studies have shown that not only playing a role in autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and other aspects, regulatory T cells can also play a role in the immune escape of tumors in the body, through various mechanisms to help tumor cells escape from the demic immune system, weakening the anti-cancer effect in the body. For a better understanding of the role that regulatory T cells can play in cancer, and to be able to use regulatory T cells for tumor immunotherapy more quickly. This review focuses on the research progress of various mechanisms of regulatory T cells in the tumor environment, the related research of tumor cells acting on regulatory T cells, and the existing various therapeutic methods acting on regulatory T cells.

[Research on Runx2 gene induced differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells into ligament fibroblasts in vitro and promotion of tendon-bone healing in rabbits].

Objective: To investigate whether the Runx2 gene can induce the differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) to ligament fibroblasts in vitro and promote the tendon-bone healing in rabbits. Methods: hAMSCs were isolated from the placentas voluntarily donated from healthy parturients and passaged, and then identified by flow cytometric identification. Adenoviral vectors carrying Runx2 gene (Ad-Runx2) and empty vector adenovirus (Ad-NC) were constructed and viral titer assay; then, the 3rd generation hAMSCs were transfected with Ad-Runx2 (Ad-Runx2 group) or Ad-NC (Ad-NC group). The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect Runx2 gene and protein expression to verify the effectiveness of Ad-Runx2 transfection of hAMSCs; and at 3 and 7 days after transfection, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was further used to detect the expressions of ligament fibroblast-related genes [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), collagen type Ⅰ, Fibronectin, and Tenascin-C]. The hAMSCs were used as a blank control group. The hAMSCs, hAMSCs transfected with Ad-NC, and hAMSCs were mixed with Matrigel according to the ratio of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 to construct the cell-scaffold compound. Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay, and the corresponding cell-scaffold compound with better proliferation were taken for subsequent animal experiments. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups of sham operation group (Sham group), anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group (ACLR group), anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction+hAMSCs transfected with Ad-NC-scaffold compound group (Ad-NC group), and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction+hAMSCs transfected with Ad-Runx2-scaffold compound group (Ad-Runx2 group), with 3 rabbits in each group. After preparing the ACL reconstruction model, the Ad-NC group and the Ad-Runx2 group injected the optimal hAMSCs-Matrigel compunds into the bone channel correspondingly. The samples were taken for gross, histological (HE staining and sirius red staining), and immunofluorescence staining observation at 1 month after operation to evaluate the inflammatory cell infiltration as well as collagen and Tenascin-C content in the ligament tissues. Results: Flow cytometric identification of the isolated cells conformed to the phenotypic characteristics of MSCs. The Runx2 gene was successfully transfected into hAMSCs. Compared with the Ad-NC group, the relative expressions of VEGF and collagen type Ⅰ genes in the Ad-Runx2 group significantly increased at 3 and 7 days after transfection ( P<0.05), Fibronectin significantly increased at 3 days ( P<0.05), and Tenascin-C significantly increased at 3 days and decreased at 7 days ( P<0.05). CCK-8 detection showed that there was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in the cell proliferation between groups and between different time points after mixed culture of two ratios. So the cell-scaffold compound constructed in the ratio of 1∶1 was selected for subsequent experiments. Animal experiments showed that at 1 month after operation, the continuity of the grafted tendon was complete in all groups; HE staining showed that the tissue repair in the Ad-Runx2 group was better and there were fewer inflammatory cells when compared with the ACLR group and the Ad-NC group; sirius red staining and immunofluorescence staining showed that the Ad-Runx2 group had more collagen typeⅠ and Ⅲ fibers, tending to form a normal ACL structure. However, the fluorescence intensity of Tenascin-C protein was weakening when compared to the ACLR and Ad-NC groups. Conclusion: Runx2 gene transfection of hAMSCs induces directed differentiation to ligament fibroblasts and promotes tendon-bone healing in reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament in rabbits.