[Application of low profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS)stents in assisting coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms].

Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of application of LVIS stent-assisted coiling endovascular procedures in cerebral aneurysms . Methods: The clinical data of 41 patients with intracranial aneurysms , which were performed in LVIS stent-assisted coiling endovascular therapies from June 2015 to October 2017 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College were analyzed retrospectively. 13 patients were unruptured and 28 patients were ruptured. Immediate angiography outcomes and follow-up angiography outcomes were assessed by DSA. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: The LVIS stents were successfully delivered in 39 cases, however there were 2 cases in which the LVIS stents did not fully open.The technical success rate was 95.1%(39/41). There were 2 cases had complications during perioperation, the rate of complications was 4.9%(2/41). One was thrombus formation in operation, there was no nerve function defect.The other was infarction three days after operation and which had mild function defect(mRS grade 2). Raymond grade 1 was 31 cases, Grade 2 was 2 cases , grade 3 was 8 cases, the effective embolism rate was 80.5%(33/41). Mean follow up time was 14.4 months, 32 cases were cured, the cure rate was 78.0%(32/41), 2 cases were reappeared, the recurrence rate was 4.9%(2/41). mRS grade 0 was 16 cases, grade 2 was 24 cases , grade 2 was 1 case , the cure rate of clinical symptom is 100%. Conclusion: LVIS stent-assisted coiling is safe and effective in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.

Autogenous radiocephalic hemodialysis access in patients with small caliber cephalic veins after expansion with a Fogarty catheter.

Autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the first choice for hemodialysis access in renal failure with uremia. However, AVF cannot be performed in some patients due to small and narrow veins in the forearm. In this study, a Fogarty catheter was used to establish autogenous radiocephalic hemodialysis access in patients with small caliber cephalic veins, and the patency rate and complications of this method were observed. Sixty-seven patients with uremia were divided into a treatment group (40 cases, caliber of cephalic veins<2.5 mm) and a control group (27 cases, caliber of cephalic veins≥2.5 mm). According to ultrasound results, the treatment group received AVF after expansion with a Fogarty catheter, and the control group received traditional AVF. The fistula patency rate and complications were observed during follow-up. All patients were followed up for an average period of 18 months (range=3-36 months). AVF was successfully used in 58 patients for hemodialysis, with primary access failure in 9 cases (5 cases in the treatment group and 4 cases in the control group) due to early thrombosis. The primary and secondary patency rates 12 months after surgery in the treatment group were 64 and 72%, respectively, and those in the control group were 60 and 76%, respectively. Patients with small caliber cephalic veins can be treated with radiocephalic fistula after the caliber of cephalic veins is expanded to more than 2.5 mm with a Fogarty catheter. The long-term patency rate awaits observation in a longer follow-up period.

An anatomical study in a Chinese population of the position of the rib head for placing anterior vertebral body screws.

The instrumentation of anterior vertebral body screws has become an important approach for the treatment of unstable fractures or curvature of the spine, but little attention has been paid to the starting point of placing the screws and the variability of the rib head position. We analysed the variability of rib head position in a Chinese population in terms of the spinal canal and vertebral body using computed tomography (CT). Images from transverse CT scans of the T4-T12 vertebral bodies of 30 normal individuals were 3-D reconstructed and analysed for measurement of parameters which included: 1) distance between the left (or right) anterior border of the rib head and the posterior (or anterior) margin of the vertebral body [L(R)ARHP(A)VB]; 2) left (or right) transverse dimension [L(R)TD]; 3) left (or right) posterior (or anterior) safe angle [L(R)P(A)SA]; and 4) distance between the inferior border of the left (or right) rib head and the superior (or inferior) end-plate in the sagittal plane [I L(R)RHS(I)EP]. The ARHPVB, PSA, and IRHIEP gradually decrease, but ARHAVB, TD, ASA, and IRHSEP gradually increase, from T4 to T12, indicating that the position of the rib head changes from a more anterior position to a more posterior position and from a more superior position to a more inferior position, as the number of the vertebra increases. Our study has provided a comprehensive reference guide for accurate and safe instrumentation of vertebral body screws in treating related spine diseases.

[Spatio-temporal distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails along the Danyang section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the spatio-temporal characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis snails along the Danyang section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal, so as to provide scientific evidence for the dynamic assessment of the risk of snail spread in this region. METHODS: O. hupensis snail status was collected in the plain regions with waterway networks in the study area from 2012 to 2017. The spatio-temporal variations of snail distribution were investigated along the Danyang section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal using buffer zone analysis, spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis and standard deviational ellipse with the geographical information system (GIS) tools. RESULTS: The number of snail habitats showed a tendency towards a rise in the study area from 2012 to 2017, and snail habitats were predominantly distributed in the 1 000 m long buffer zone of the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal, notably along the Jiuqu River at the junction between the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal. The distribution of snail habitats appeared spatial autocorrelations in 2014, 2016 and 2017, and the hotspot areas were mainly identified at the junction between the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. In addition, the overall distribution of snail habitats was located in the northeastern-southwestern part of the study aera, and gradually shifted to the southern and northern parts with the time. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial distribution of O. hupensis snails is complex along the Danyang section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Danyang-Jintan-Liyang Canal, and there is a risk of snail spread from the upper reaches to the lower reaches, where snail control needs to be intensified.

Persistent reduction of indigenous DNA modification (I-compound) levels in liver DNA from male Fischer rats fed choline-devoid diet and in DNA of resulting neoplasms.

Reduced levels of putative indigenous DNA modifications (I-compounds) in liver DNA of male Fischer 344 rats fed a hepatocarcinogenic choline-devoid (CD) diet for up to 7 mo have been previously reported. To investigate the persistence of this effect and possible relationships between I-compounds and hepatocarcinogenesis, liver DNA modifications of tumor-free male rats fed a CD diet for 3, 6, 9, or 12 mo, followed by a choline-supplemented (CS) diet to 16 mo, were compared with those in rats fed exclusively the CD or CS diet for 16 mo by a 32P-postlabeling assay. In addition, DNA from nontumorous and tumorous tissues of rats fed the CD diet similarly for 12 or 16 mo was analyzed. It was found that total I-compound levels in male rats consecutively fed CD and CS diets for various lengths of time were similar to those in rats fed the CD diet only and significantly lower than those in rats fed the CS diet only. I-compound levels of nontumorous regions from tumor-bearing livers were 73% of those in tumor-free livers from the same treatment group. I-compound levels were further reduced, some to undetectable levels, in tumor tissues and exhibited an inverse relationship with tumor incidence. The patterns and levels of I-compounds in liver DNA of CD diet-fed female rats, which were not susceptible to CD diet-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, on the other hand, were not significantly different from those of controls. Thus, reduction of I-compound levels by feeding a CD diet lasted for many months after changing from the CD to the CS diet. Whether this persistent DNA alteration contributes to carcinogenesis remains to be determined.

Applied anatomy of the anterolateral femoral flap.

A study of the source of the blood supply to the anterolateral femoral flap was carried out on 42 lower limbs of adult cadavers (among them 35 cadavers with injection of red latex and 1 with india ink into the arteries and 6 vascular cast specimens), and the surface locations of the vascular pedicle were detected on 50 healthy adults. It was found that the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral vessel was an ideal axial vessel. There are constant perforating branches of the myocutaneous artery or cutaneous branches from the intermuscular space to the anterolateral femoral skin. The area extends about 12 x 30 cm. Within the flap, the anterior branch of the anterolateral cutaneous nerve of the high is located. This flap has been widely used for free transplantation in China since 1983 with satisfactory results.

Anatomical Study of Position of the Rib Head for Placing Anterior Vertebral Body Screws in a Chinese Population / Estudio Anatómico de la Posición de la Cabeza de la Costilla para Colocar Tornillos en la Zona Anterior del Cuerpo Vertebral en una Población China

Instrumentation of anterior vertebral body screws has become an important approach for treatment of unstable fracture or curvature of the spine, but little attention has been paid to the starting point of placing the screws and variability of the rib head position. We analyzed the variability of rib head position in a Chinese population in terms of the spinal canal and vertebral body using computed tomography (CT). Images from transverse CT scan of the T4-T12 vertebral bodies of 30 normal individuals were 3D reconstructed, and analyzed for measurement of parameters, which included: 1) distance between the left (or right) anterior border of the rib head and the posterior (or anterior) margin of the vertebral body [L(R )ARHP(A)VB], 2) left (or right) transverse dimension [L(R)TD], 3) left (or right) posterior (or anterior) safe angle [L(R)P(A)SA], and 4) distance between the inferior border of the left (or right) rib head and the superior (or inferior) end-plate in the sagittal plane [IL(R)RHS(I)EP]. The ARHPVB, PSA, and IRHIEP gradually decrease, but ARHAVB, TD, ASA, and IRHSEP gradually increase from T4 to T12, indicating that the position of the rib head changes from a more anterior position to a more posterior position and from a more superior position to a more inferior position as the number of the vertebra increases. Our study has provided comprehensive reference guide for accurate and safe instrumentation of vertebral body screws in treating related spine diseases.

La instrumentación del cuerpo anterior vertebral con tornillos ha sido una vía importante para el tratamiento de las fracturas inestables y curvaturas de la columna, pero se ha prestado poca atención a la zona de colocación de los tornillos y la variabilidad de la posición de la cabeza costal. Se analizó la variabilidad de la posición de la cabeza de la costilla en una población de China en relación al canal vertebral y cuerpo vertebral mediante tomografía computarizada (TC). Imágenes de cortes transversales de TC correspondientes a los cuerpos vertebrales T4-T12 de 30 individuos normales fueron reconstruidos tridimensionalmente, y se analizó la medida de algunos parámetros: 1) la distancia entre el margen anterior izquierdo (o derecho) de la cabeza de la costilla y el margen posterior (o anterior) del cuerpo vertebral [L(R)ARHP(A)VB], 2) Dimensión transversa izquierda (o derecha) [L(R)TD], 3) ángulo de seguridad izquierdo (o derecho) posterior (o anterior) [L(R)P(A)SA], y 4) la distancia entre el margen inferior de la cabeza de la costilla izquierda (o derecha) y la placa terminal superior (o inferior) en el plano sagital [IL(R)RHS(I)EP]. El ARHPVB, PSA, y IRHIEP disminuyeron gradualmente, pero ARHAVB, TD, ASA, y IRHSEP aumentaron gradualmente de T4 a T12, lo que indica que la posición de la cabeza de la costilla cambia desde una posición más anterior a una posición más posterior y de una posición más superior a una posición más inferior a medida que aumenta el número de vértebras. Nuestro estudio ha proporcionado completa guía de referencia para la instrumentación precisa y segura de tornillos en el cuerpo vertebral para el tratamiento de enfermedades relacionadas con la columna vertebral.

Species and tissue specificities of I-compounds as contrasted with carcinogen adducts in liver, kidney and skin DNA of Sprague-Dawley rats, ICR mice and Syrian hamsters.

I-compounds are age-related bulky DNA modifications that are detected in untreated animals by 32P-postlabeling. To characterize their properties, I-compounds were compared with carcinogen-DNA adducts in liver, kidney and skin of three rodent species. Weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats, ICR mice and Syrian hamsters were fed Teklad LM485 chow diet for 3 months and raised concurrently and strictly under the same environmental conditions. Animals of each species were treated topically with 24 mumol/kg dibenz[a,j]acridine per day for 3 days, then by gavage once with a mixture of safrole and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (60 and 80 mumol/kg respectively), or with one of the individual carcinogens. Liver, kidney and skin DNA from carcinogen-exposed (24 h after treatment) and unexposed animals was analyzed by the monophosphate version of the 32P-postlabeling assay. While each of the three carcinogens produced qualitatively identical major adduct patterns in all samples examined, I-compounds in untreated animals showed distinct species- and tissue-dependent profiles. Rats displayed the highest I-compound levels but the lowest adduct levels in both liver and kidney among the three species. These findings demonstrate fundamental differences between I-compounds and carcinogen-DNA adducts, and support the hypothesis that I-compound formation is primarily related to species-specific, i.e. genetically determined, normal metabolic activities rather than exposure to environmental genotoxic carcinogens.

[Applied anatomy of the sensate latissimus dorsal muscular flap with the lateral posterior branch of the intercostal nerve].

OBJECTIVE: To provide anatomy basis for a free latissimus dorsal muscular flap with the sensate nerve. METHODS: The structure of back and lateral chest area were dissected and the origin, alignment and distribution of the intercostals nerve within the area of latissimus dorsal muscular flap were observed in 40 adult cadaver specimens. RESULTS: The 5th to 10th lateral posterior branches of the thoracic nerve pierced from respective intercostal area near the axial anterior line and run a long distance in deep fascia. They distributed mainly in lateral latissimus skin outside the scapular line and anastomosed with the lower branch near the scapular line. Among these branchs, the 6th to 8th branches had a longer nerve distribution respectively and the pedicle of nerve and artery was parallel and long. CONCLUSION: It is possible to design a sensate latissimus dorsal muscular flap with the 6th to 8th lateral posterior branch of the intercostal nerve.

[Repair of medial collateral ligament defect of knee joint with transposition of great adductor muscular tendon pedicled vessels].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of transposition of great adductor muscular tendon pedicled vessels in repairing the medial collateral ligament defect of knee joint. METHODS: From September 1991 to September 1999, on the basis study of applied anatomy, 30 patients with the medial collateral ligament defect were repaired with great adductor muscular tendon transposition pedicled vessels. Among them, there were 28 males and 2 females, aged 26 years in average. RESULTS: Followed up for 17 to 60 months, 93.3% patients reached excellent or good grades. No case fell into the poor grade. CONCLUSION: Because the great adductor muscular tendon is adjacent to the knee joint and similar to the knee ligament, it is appropriate to repair knee ligament. Transposition of the great adductor muscular tendon pedicled vessels is effective in the reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament defect of knee joint.

The ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. A new supply for vascularized iliac transplantation.

The ascending branch of lateral circumflex femoral a. was studied in 66 adult limbs in terms of its anatomical description and clinical relevance. The anatomical findings suggest that the ascending branch could be used as an ideal supply for vascularized iliac transplantation. This new technique has been widely used in China since 1984 with satisfactory results.

Comparative description of Pseudomonas cocovenenans (van Damme, Johannes, Cox, and Berends 1960) NCIB 9450T and strains isolated from cases of food poisoning caused by consumption of fermented corn flour in China.

Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Pseudomonas cocovenenans NCIB 9450T (T = type strain) and strains isolated from cases of food poisoning caused by consumption of fermented corn flour are compared. Our results show that these strains are members of the same species and conform to the description of Section II of the genus Pseudomonas. Because of small differences in substrate utilization patterns, the strains isolated in the People's Republic of China are thought to be biovars of P. cocovenenans.

Anatomic basis of venous drainage in donor flaps.

The venous architecture in donor flaps was observed in 17 fresh cadavers by injection of latex or ink into the vessels or by making corrosion-cast specimens. The pattern of the veins resembles that of the arteries, with the difference that there is another set of venous trunks which do not accompany the arteries. Because these trunks are of larger caliber, they are the main drainage route for flaps. There are three types of drainage based on the anatomical architecture: 1) the superficial trunk is the main drainage path; 2) the deep trunk is the main path; 3) both superficial and deep veins are involved. These morphological considerations are the basis for selection of veins for anastomosis in microsurgery. The axial veins in temporal, frontal and facial flaps on the dorsum of the hand and the foot usually loosely accompany the axial arteries. The characteristics of these vascular pedicules should be studied in transplant operation.

Anatomical study on the morphology and blood supply of the falciform ligament and its clinical significance.

The purpose of this study was to understand the clinical significance of the morphology and blood supply of the falciform ligament in laparoscopic surgery. The structure, blood vessel distribution and anastomoses of the falciform ligament were observed in 20 cases of living laparoscopy, 30 cadaveric specimens injected with latex and five cadaveric specimens with Indian ink and hyaline. The falciform ligament was formed by two sides of peritoneum and its length, largest and smallest width were 8.3+/-1.6 cm, 4.9+/-0.8 cm and 1.1+/-0.3 cm, respectively. The left inferior phrenic artery and middle segment artery of the liver formed a vessel that arched and gave off 6-12 branches to the falciform ligament. The veins of the falciform ligament drained into the left inferior phrenic vein, and were not accompanied by any artery. In conclusion, the vessels of the falciform ligament anastomose with multiple vessels and form a significant pathway of the collateral circulation in the liver. The falciform ligament is an important landmark in laparoscopic surgery.

Anatomic basis of iliac crest flap pedicled on the iliolumbar artery.

This paper presents the anatomy and clinical applications of an iliac crest flap pedicled on the iliolumbar artery. 54 iliolumbar arteries were filled with pink plastic in 27 adult cadavers. Their origin, course and branches, and the surroundings were investigated, and the external diameter, length of segments and terminal distribution were measured. The iliolumbar artery was constant, but with a few variations. Its length was 7.0 +/- 3.9 cm, and the outer diameter 2.0 +/- 0.4 mm at the lateral edge of the psoas major muscle. Based on the anatomic findings, the surgical technique for a bone flap based on the iliolumbar artery was designed. Its clinical applications included both free bone grafting (in 2 patients) and pedicled bone transfer (in another 2 patients). The clinical results were satisfactory. The iliac crest flap pedicled on the iliolumbar artery is a reliable bone flap for clinical usage.

Facial subdermal vascular network flap: anatomic study and clinical application.

Despite the numerous flaps for facial reconstruction that have been described, the search for the ideal flap with good color matching and minimal donor-site morbidity continues. In the past 3 years we have repaired 13 facial defects with success using the lateral genicervical flap - a type of facial subdermal vascular network flap (SVNF) - with a pedicle located on the preauricular region. An anatomic study of the facial SVNF, including blood supply and vascular distribution of the face and anatomic characteristics of facial vessels, based on 14 cadaver dissections, was carried out. The blood supply of the facial skin basically originated from the branches of the facial, superficial temporal and infraorbital arteries. The lateral genicervical skin was supplied basically by the branches of the facial, superficial temporal and occipital arteries, but also by the terminal branches of the superior thyroid artery. The branches diverging from these arteries became superficial and formed a subcutaneous arterial network. The arterioles from the network went to the corium layer and formed a subdermal arterial network whose arterioles anastomosed with each other in a honeycomb-like structure. The vascular distribution presented certain directivity on different areas. The blood supply of the pedicle originated from the subdermal vascular network formed by the perforator branches of these arteries. The arterioles from the facial and superficial temporal arteries anastomosed in the lateral genicervical region. From the anatomic study, we think that the viability of the facial SVNF depends basically on the subdermal vascular network formed by the perforator branches of the pedicle, and that the anastomoses between the facial and superficial temporal arteries provide a solid anatomic basis to the lateral genicervical flap. The clinical data also indicated that this flap is a useful alternative for facial, especially superficial temporal, defects. But the directivity must be taken into account in its clinical application.