RESUMEN
Lycium ruthenicum Murray possesses significant applications in both food and medicine, including antioxidative, anti-tumor, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, and various other effects. Consequently, there has been a surge in research endeavors dedicated to exploring its potential benefits, necessitating the organization and synthesis of these findings. This article systematically reviews the extraction and content determination methods of active substances such as polysaccharides, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and polyphenols in LRM in the past five years, as well as some active ingredient composition determination methods, biological activities, and product development. This review is divided into three main parts: extraction and determination methods, their bioactivity, and product development. Building upon prior research, we also delve into the economic and medicinal value of Lycium ruthenicum Murray, thereby contributing significantly to its further exploration and development. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will serve as a valuable resource for advancing research on Lycium ruthenicum Murray.
Asunto(s)
Lycium , Extractos Vegetales , Lycium/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antocianinas/química , Humanos , Flavonoides/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Polifenoles/química , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) faces dual challenges: the aspirin-induced gastrointestinal injury, and the residual cardiovascular risk after statin treatment. Geraniol acetate (Gefarnate) is an anti-ulcer drug. It was reported that geraniol might participate in lipid metabolism through a variety of pathways. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid-lowering effects of gefarnate in statin-treated CAD patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS: In this prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled trial, 69 statin-treated CAD patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia were randomly assigned to gefarnate group and control group, received gefarnate (100 mg/3 times a day) combined with statin and statin alone, respectively. At baseline and after one-month treatment, the levels of plasma triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol were tested. RESULTS: After one-month gefarnate treatment, triglyceride level was significantly lowered from 2.64 mmol/L to 2.12 mmol/L (P = 0.0018), LDL-C level lowered from 2.7 mmol/L to 2.37 mmol/L (P = 0.0004), HDL-C level increased from 0.97 mmol/L to 1.17 mmol/L (P = 0.0228). Based on statin therapy, gefarnate could significantly reduce the plasma triglyceride level (P = 0.0148) and increase the plasma HDL-C level (P = 0.0307). Although the LDL-C and total cholesterol levels tended to decrease, there was no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of gefarnate to statin reduced triglyceride level and increased HDL-C level to a significant extent compared to statin alone in CAD patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia. This suggested that gefarnate might provide the dual benefits of preventing gastrointestinal injury and lipid lowering in CAD patients.
RESUMEN
Herein, we have fabricated gold nanorod graphitic nanocapsule (AuNR@G) doped poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/chitosan (CS) hydrogels, which possessed highly efficient and stable photothermal antibacterial properties for both Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus under the irradiation of a near-infrared laser.
Asunto(s)
Oro/química , Hidrogeles/química , Rayos Infrarrojos , Nanocápsulas/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/síntesis química , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Quitosano/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Alcohol Polivinílico/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Electrodes for the dopamine (DA) determination in biological samples have been developed with improved selectivity and sensitivity in an excess of ascorbic acid (AA). Negatively charged Ni(II) complex was synthesized and electropolymerized on the glassy carbon electrode to impart the surface with anionic characteristics that could act both as a catalyst and as a discriminating layer against AA based on the electrostatic interaction. Thus prepared electrodes enabled selective determination of DA even in a large excess of AA by differential pulse voltammetry at physiological pH. Linear response was found down to 1.0 x 10(-7) M with 5.0 x 10(-9) M of LOD (Limit of Detection). In a flow injection analysis performed in an amperometric mode, the detection limit was lowered by two orders of magnitude down to 1.0 x 10(-9) M with a linear range of 1.0 x 10(-9) to 1.0 x 10(-6) M. The relative standard deviation was found to be 3.36% from 25 independent measurements for 1.0 x 10(-5) M of DA. Stable oxidation current of DA was observed even after 30 days storage in air. The recoveries of DA in the 100-fold diluted human urine samples were 97.7% for 4 measurements. The rate constant for the DA oxidation was 1.3 x 10(-3) cm s(-1) from hydrodynamic experiments using a rotating disk electrode.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/análisis , Dopamina/análisis , Dopamina/química , Níquel/química , Polímeros/química , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Calibración , Catálisis , Electrodos , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Compuestos Macrocíclicos/química , Oxidación-Reducción , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Electricidad EstáticaRESUMEN
The bioactivity-guided fractionation of chloroform extracts of the fruit bodies of Hypsizigus marmoreus led to our isolation of (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol (1), ergosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3beta-ol (3), hypsiziprenol A9 (4), hypsiziprenol AA8 (5), hypsiziprenol AA9 (6) and hypsiziprenol BA10 (7). Among these seven isolates, compound 2 was identified for the first time from this plant. All compounds (1-7) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity towards cultured human colon carcinoma (HT-29), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and human hepatoblastoma (HepG-2) cell lines.
Asunto(s)
Agaricales/química , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Micotoxinas/aislamiento & purificación , Tecnología Farmacéutica , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Bioensayo/métodos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Células HT29 , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Espectrometría de Masas , Estructura Molecular , Micotoxinas/química , Micotoxinas/farmacología , Tecnología Farmacéutica/métodos , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa I , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa IIRESUMEN
One new stilbene glucoside (6), along with five known compounds (1-5), were isolated from the roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thumb., and their chemical structures established based on physicochemical and spectroscopic data. Of the compounds, compound 3 showed DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitory activities.
Asunto(s)
Polygonum/química , Estilbenos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Fenómenos Químicos , Química Física , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Glucósidos/química , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Conformación Molecular , Raíces de Plantas/química , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Estilbenos/aislamiento & purificación , Estilbenos/farmacología , Sales de Tetrazolio , Tiazoles , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa I , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa IIRESUMEN
Four alkaloids (1-4), three quinolone alkaloids (5-7), and three flavanoid glucosides (8-10) were isolated from the fruits of Evodia officinalis Dode, and their structures were determined from chemical and spectral data. Compounds, 3, 8, 9 and 10 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Of these compounds, 1-3 and 5-7 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against cultured human colon carcinoma (HT-29), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and human hepatoblastoma (HepG-2). Compound 8 showed strong inhibitory effects on DNA topoisomerases I and II (70 and 96% inhibition at a concentration of 20 microM, respectively).
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Evodia/química , Glucósidos/farmacología , Quinolonas/farmacología , Alcaloides/química , Alcaloides/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , ADN-Topoisomerasas de Tipo I/metabolismo , ADN-Topoisomerasas de Tipo II/metabolismo , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Frutas , Glucósidos/química , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Células HT29 , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Estructura Molecular , Quinolonas/química , Quinolonas/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa I , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa IIRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Sonchus asper is used extensively as an herbal anti-inflammatory for treatment of bronchitis, asthma, wounds, burns, and cough; however, further investigation is needed in order to understand the underlying mechanism. To determine its mechanism of action, we examined the effects of an ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of S. asper on nitric oxide (NO) production and prostaglandin-E2 levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS/METHODS: An in vitro culture of RAW264.7 macrophages was treated with LPS to induce inflammation. RESULTS: Treatment with EAF resulted in significant suppression of oxidative stress in RAW264.7 macrophages as demonstrated by increased endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and intracellular glutathione levels, decreased generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, and restoration of the mitochondrial membrane potential. To confirm its anti-inflammatory effects, analysis of expression of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and IL-6 was performed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. EAF treatment resulted in significantly reduced dose-dependent expression of all of these factors, and enhanced expression of the antioxidants MnSOD and heme oxygenase-1. In addition, HPLC fingerprint results suggest that rutin, caffeic acid, and quercetin may be the active ingredients in EAF. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, findings of this study imply that the anti-inflammatory effect of EAF on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells is mediated by suppression of oxidative stress.
RESUMEN
The bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methylene chloride extract of the sclerotium of Poria cocos led to the isolation of (S)-(+)-turmerone (1), ergosterol peroxide (2), polyporenic acid C (3), dehydropachymic acid (4), pachymic acid (5), and tumulosic acid (6). Compounds 4-6 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities, with IC50 values of 20.5, 29.1, and 10.4 microM, respectively, against a human colon carcinoma cell line. However, 3-6 not only showed inhibitory activities as potent as etoposide used as a positive control on DNA topoisomerase II (36.1, 36.2, 43.9 and 66.7% inhibition at a concentration of 20 microM, respectively), but also inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I (55.8, 60.7, 43.5, and 83.3% inhibition at a concentration of 100 microM, respectively).
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/toxicidad , Polyporales/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa I , Línea Celular Tumoral , ADN-Topoisomerasas de Tipo I/metabolismo , HumanosRESUMEN
A novel α-glucosidase inhibitor, vomifoliol 9-O-α-arabinofuranosyl (1â6)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated for the first time from leaves of Diospyros Kaki and its bioactivity analyzed. This inhibitor exhibited strong anti-α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of 170.62nM and stimulated a dose-dependent increase in the uptake of a fluorescent d-glucose analog, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG), in HepG2 cells at a rate higher than that of insulin controls. It was also found to be associated with adipocyte differentiation and moderate increases in 2-NBDG uptake by 3T3-L1 cells. These findings suggest that vomifoliol 9-O-α-arabinofuranosyl (1â6)-ß-D-glucopyranoside could augment peripheral glucose as an insulin-sensitizing agent against Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Asunto(s)
Butanoles/farmacología , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclohexanoles/farmacología , Ciclohexanonas/farmacología , Diospyros/metabolismo , Disacáridos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Células 3T3-L1 , 4-Cloro-7-nitrobenzofurazano/análogos & derivados , 4-Cloro-7-nitrobenzofurazano/metabolismo , Animales , Butanoles/química , Ciclohexanoles/química , Ciclohexanoles/aislamiento & purificación , Ciclohexanonas/química , Desoxiglucosa/análogos & derivados , Desoxiglucosa/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Disacáridos/química , Disacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , RatonesRESUMEN
Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulasea) is widely distributed and grown in Asia and has been in use as traditional medicine for long time. The n-butanol fraction (BF) of C. lanceolata significantly inhibited human colon cancer HT-29 cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. The inhibition was associated with intracellular ROS generation and polyamine depletion as evidenced by HPLC quantitatively. Additionally, semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed enhanced expression of caspase-3, p53, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and reduced expression of survivin in HT-29 cells treated with BF. Furthermore, western blot analysis of p53, JNK, and caspase-3 showed that ROS generation was accompanied by JNK activation. Increase of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase-3 might be due to intracellular polyamine depletion. Conclusively, the findings of this study imply a critical role of ROS and polyamine depletion in the anticancer effects of C. lanceolata root extract.
Asunto(s)
Codonopsis/química , Fase G1/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Poliaminas/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Fase de Descanso del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Western Blotting , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Células HT29 , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
In the title compound, [Mn(2)(C(8)H(4)O(7)S)(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)], pairs of hexacoordinated manganese(II) centres are bridged by 2-sulfonatoterephthalate(2-) anions to form cyclic centrosymmetric dimers, which are linked into sheets by O-H...O hydrogen bonds.
RESUMEN
The bioassay-guided fractionation of preventive agents against lethality due to septic shock from the fruits of Illicium verum led to the isolation of two known racemic mixtures of phenylpropanoids, [1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-(1 R,2 S and 1 S,2 R)-propanediol (1) and 1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-(1 R,2 R and 1 S,2 S)-propanediol (2)], along with two known phenylpropanoid glucosides, [1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-(1 S,2 R)-propan-1-ol 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-(1 R,2 S)-propan-1-ol 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside ( 5)], and two new phenylpropanoid glucosides, [1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-(1 S,2 S)-propan-1-ol 2- O-beta- D-glucopyranoside (4) and 1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-(1 R,2 R)-propan-1-ol 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6)]. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies. Among them, 1 exhibited the highest survival rate in a dose-dependent manner (100 % with a dose of 10 mg/kg against 40 % for the control experiment) and showed a reduction of the plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) value on the in vivo assay model of septic shock induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha.
Asunto(s)
Illicium , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Choque Séptico/prevención & control , Alanina Transaminasa/metabolismo , Animales , Frutas , Galactosamina , Glucósidos/administración & dosificación , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Sustancias Protectoras/administración & dosificación , Sustancias Protectoras/uso terapéutico , Choque Séptico/inducido químicamente , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfaRESUMEN
Four new diarylheptanoids (1-4), along with two known tetralones (5, 6), were isolated from the roots of Juglans mandshurica and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies.