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BACKGROUND: Associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and common psychiatric disorders among older Chinese individuals have not been well reported. The objectives of this study are to examine the prevalence of ACEs and the associations of ACEs with common psychiatric disorders among older adults in China. METHODS: The study used data from the China Mental Health Survey (CMHS), a nationally representative epidemiological survey, which used computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), logistic regression models were used to examine community-based adult psychiatric disorders and associated risk factors. Finally, 2,317 individuals aged 60 years or over were included in the CMHS. The national prevalence of ACEs in older adults were estimated and logistic regression were used to analyse the association between ACEs and past-year psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: Prevalence of ACEs among older adults in China was 18.1%. The three most common types of ACEs were neglect (11.6%), domestic violence (9.2%), and parental loss (9.1%). This study proved the association between ACEs and common past-year psychiatric disorders in older adults. ACEs increased the risk of past-year psychiatric disorders in older adults. After adjustment for age, sex, marital status, employment status, education, rural or urban residence, region, and physical diseases, the association between ACEs and past-year psychiatric disorders were still significant. CONCLUSIONS: ACEs are linked to an increased risk for past-year psychiatric disorders in older adults. ACEs may have long-term effects on older adults' mental well-being. Preventing ACEs may help reduce possible adverse health outcomes in later life.
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Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Trastornos Mentales , Humanos , Anciano , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Salud Mental , China/epidemiología , Encuestas EpidemiológicasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Common mental disorders are general term for mental disorders with high disability rates and significant social burden. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of long-term disability associated with common mental disorders and to interpret the relationship between common mental disorders and long-term disability. METHODS: Participants in the 2013 China Mental Health Survey were followed up by telephone between April and June 2018. This study evaluated long-term disability over a five-year period using the World Health Organization's Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Poisson regression was used to analyze the relationship between common mental disorders and long-term disability. RESULTS: A total of 6269 patients were followed up by telephone. In patients with common mental disorders, the prevalence of disability ranged from 7.62% to 43.94%. The long-term disabilities were significantly associated with dysthymic disorder (DD, RR:2.40; 95% CI:1.87-3.03), major depressive disorder (MDD, RR:1.63; 95% CI:1.34-1.98), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, RR:1.95; 95% CI:1.15-3.09), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD, RR:1.68; 95% CI:1.24-2.22) and alcohol use disorder (AUD, RR: 1.42; 95% CI:0.99-1.96). CONCLUSIONS: In China, common mental disorders raise the risk of long-term disability, and there is a critical need for monitoring patients with DD, MDD, GAD, OCD, and AUD. For improved quality of life and reduced disability levels, more resources need to be dedicated to mental health in the future.
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Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Trastornos Mentales , Humanos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Calidad de Vida , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The major infectious diseases of hepatitis B has constituted an acute public health challenge in China. An effective and affordable HBV control model is urgently needed. A national project of Community-based Collaborative Innovation HBV (CCI-HBV) demonstration areas has optimized the existing community healthcare resources and obtained initial results in HBV control. METHODS: Based on the existing community healthcare network, CCI-HBV project combined the community health management and health contract signing service for long-staying residents in hepatitis B screening. Moreover, HBV field research strategy was popularized in CCI-HBV areas. After screening, patients with seropositive results were enrolled in corresponding cohorts and received treatment at an early stage. And the uninfected people received medical supports including health education through new media, behavior intervention and HBV vaccinations. In this process, a cloud-based National Information Platform (NIP) was established to collect and store residents' epidemiological data. In addition, a special quality control team was set up for CCI project. RESULTS: After two rounds of screening, HBsAg positive rate dropped from 5.05% (with 5,173,003 people screened) to 4.57% (with 3,819,675 people screened), while the rate of new HBV infections was 0.28 per 100 person-years in the fixed cohorts of 2,584,322 people. The quality control team completed PPS sampling simultaneously and established the serum sample database with 2,800,000 serum samples for unified testing. CONCLUSIONS: CCI-HBV project has established a large-scale field research to conduct whole-population screening and intervention. We analyzed the HBsAg prevalence and new infection rate of HBV in the fixed population for the epidemic trend and intervention effect. The purpose of CCI-HBV project is to establish and evaluate a practical model of grid management and field strategy, to realize the new goal to control hepatitis B in China. To provide policymakers with a feasible model, our results are directly applicable. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The project was funded by the Major Projects of Science Research for the 11th and 12th five-year plans of China, entitled "The prevention and control of AIDS, viral hepatitis and other major infectious diseases", Grant Nos. 2009ZX10004901, 2011ZX10004901, 2013ZX10004904, 2014ZX10004007 and 2014ZX10004008.
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Bases de Datos Factuales , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Adolescente , China/epidemiología , Nube Computacional , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria , Femenino , Política de Salud , Hepatitis B/diagnóstico , Hepatitis B/prevención & control , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
The China Mental Health Survey (CMHS) is the first nationally representative community survey on mental disorders and mental health services in China. One-step diagnoses for mood disorders, anxiety disorders and substance use disorders were obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0 (CIDI-3.0), according to the criteria and definition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). A two-step procedure was applied for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, using psychosis screening section in CIDI-3.0 as a screening instrument and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID) as a diagnostic tool. Dementia was diagnosed by the 10/66 dementia diagnosis package in a two-step design. The main aims of the CMHS were: (1) to investigate the prevalence of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and dementia; (2) to obtain data of service use of individuals with mental disorders in China; and (3) to analyse the social and psychological risk factors or correlates of mental disorders and mental health services. This paper presents a brief review of the background of the CMHS, its aims and measures.
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Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Adulto , China , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Servicios de Salud Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Proyectos de InvestigaciónRESUMEN
China Mental Health Survey (CMHS), which was carried out from July 2013 to March 2015, was the first national representative community survey of mental disorders and mental health services in China using computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI). Face-to-face interviews were finished in the homes of respondents who were selected from a nationally representative multi-stage disproportionate stratified sampling procedure. Sample selection was integrated with the National Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance Survey administered by the National Centre for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention in 2013, which made it possible to obtain both physical and mental health information of Chinese community population. One-stage design of data collection was used in the CMHS to obtain the information of mental disorders, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders, while two-stage design was applied for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and dementia. A total of 28,140 respondents finished the survey with 72.9% of the overall response rate. This paper describes the survey mode, fieldwork organization, procedures, and the sample design and weighting of the CMHS. Detailed information is presented on the establishment of a new payment scheme for interviewers, results of the quality control in both stages, and evaluations to the weighting.
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Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Servicios de Salud Mental , Salud Mental , Adulto , China , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos de InvestigaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of quercetin on the expressions of Bcl-2/Bax apoptotic proteins in endometrial cells in mice with abortion induced by lipopolysaccharide. METHODS: For in vivo experiment, twenty five Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups at day 4 of pregnancy, with 5 mice per group. The mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through tail vein intravenous injection at day 4 of pregnancy, followed by different concentrations of quercetin by oral gavage consecutively at days 5 to 6 of pregnancy. On day 7 of gestation, the mice were sacrificed and the histopathological changes of the uterus tissues were observed. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to the detection of Bcl-2/Bax apoptotic proteins in the endometrial cells. For in vitro experiment, the primary endometrial cells were cultured using a uterus tissue mass culturing method sampled at day 4.5 of pregnancy. The cells were treated with LPS with or without different dosages of quercetin, respectively, for 12 h after 80% confluence. The expression of Bcl-2/Bax apoptotic proteins were detected by western blotting. RESULTS: Both the in vivo and in vitro experiments showed decreased expression of Bcl-2 and enhanced expression of Bax after LPS treatment, leading to a decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. The expression of Bcl-2 significantly increased while the expression of Bax was significantly elevated, in the LPS plus quercetin group compared to the LPS only group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that quercetin has protective effect by partially regulating the expression of Bcl-2/Bax proteins, which in turn inhibits endometrial cell apoptosis and benefits the embryo implantation.
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Endometrio/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Quercetina/administración & dosificación , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/genética , Aborto Inducido , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Endometrio/citología , Endometrio/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Lipopolisacáridos/efectos adversos , Ratones , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Útero/citología , Útero/efectos de los fármacos , Útero/metabolismo , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMEN
Resistance of Bordetella pertussis to erythromycin has been increasingly reported. We developed an allele-specific PCR method for rapid detection of erythromycin-resistant B. pertussis directly from nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples submitted for diagnostic PCR. Based on the proven association of erythromycin resistance with the A2047G mutation in the 23S rRNA of B. pertussis, four primers, two of which were designed to be specific for either the wild-type or the mutant allele, were used in two different versions of the allele-specific PCR assay. The methods were verified with results obtained by PCR-based sequencing of 16 recent B. pertussis isolates and 100 NP swab samples submitted for diagnostic PCR. The detection limits of the two PCR assays ranged from 10 to 100 fg per reaction for both erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant B. pertussis. Two amplified fragments of each PCR, of 286 and 112 bp, respectively, were obtained from a mutant allele of the isolates and/or NP swab samples containing B. pertussis DNAs. For the wild-type allele, only a 286-bp fragment was visible when the allele-specific PCR assay 1 was performed. No amplification was found when a number of non-Bordetella bacterial pathogens and NP swab samples that did not contain the DNAs of B. pertussis were examined. This assay can serve as an alternative for PCR-based sequencing, especially for local laboratories in resource-poor countries.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Bordetella pertussis/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Eritromicina/uso terapéutico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , ARN Ribosómico 23S/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Bordetella pertussis/genética , Bordetella pertussis/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Humanos , Nasofaringe/microbiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Tos Ferina/tratamiento farmacológico , Tos Ferina/microbiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B (HB) is an important disease worldwide. Almost 350 million people are positive for Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), and one-third of them live in China. According to a nation-wide serosurvey in China in 2006, the prevalence of HBsAg was higher in Northwest China than in other areas. However, the epidemic HBV strains in this area are poorly studied. RESULTS: In this study, 242 complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome sequences were obtained from HBV asymptomatic carriers in major cities of Northwest China. The 242 HBV sequences clustered into genotypes B, C and D. Through comparison of the genotype consensus sequences, 158 genotype-dependent positions were observed in P, S and X ORFs. Clinically relevant mutation screening in this study revealed that no HBV antiviral drug resistance mutations were observed and the vaccination failure mutations were heavily underrepresented. CONCLUSIONS: The role of genotype D strains in HBV prevalence should not be ignored in Northwest China. Due to low prevalence of vaccination failure mutations, it can be inferred that the genotype B, C and D strains in Northwest China may have less likelihood of vaccine escape.
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ADN Viral/genética , Variación Genética , Virus de la Hepatitis B/clasificación , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Hepatitis B/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/virología , China/epidemiología , ADN Viral/química , Femenino , Genoma Viral , Genotipo , Virus de la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Epidemiología Molecular , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Prevalencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Background: Spinal involvement is a common but serious complication of human brucellosis. However, information on the risk factors associated with spinal involvement in individuals with brucellosis is limited. Methods: This retrospective case-control study aimed to determine the potential risk factors associated with spinal complications in inpatients with brucellosis. Results: During the study period, brucellosis was diagnosed in 377 patients, of whom 108 (28.64%) showed spinal involvement. Those with spinal involvement were significantly older than patients in the control group (mean age [standard deviation], 53.25 [10.48] vs 43.12 [13.84] years, respectively; P < .001). The diagnostic delays were significantly longer in patients with spinal involvement than in the control group (mean delay [standard deviation], 11.17 [13.55] vs 6.03 [8.02] weeks; P = .001). Age >40 years (odds ratio, 5.42 [95% confidence interval, 2.65-11.05]; P < .001) and diagnostic delay >4 weeks (2.94 [1.62-5.35]; P < .001) were independently associated with spinal involvement in brucellosis. The lumbar spine at the L3-5 level was the most affected (152 of 249 [61.04%]). Back pain (92 of 108 in case patients vs 21 of 108 in controls; P < .001) and splenomegaly (23 vs 42 of 108, respectively; P = .005) differed significantly between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Age >40 years and diagnostic delay >4 weeks increased the risk of spinal involvement in brucellosis. Therefore, the time from symptom onset to diagnosis should be shortened, using effective measures to reduce spinal involvement risk.
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Herein, a series of lignin-based porous carbons (LC) were prepared from sulfonated lignin through a simple and environmentally-friendly one-pot activated carbonization together with various potassium compounds as activators, and used for malachite green (MG) adsorption. The results showed that the prepared biochar, especially after K2CO3 activation, exhibited a honeycomb profile with large surface area (2107.6 m2/g) and high total pore volume (1.1591 cm3/g), having excellent efficiency for MG adsorption, and the biggest adsorption capacity was 2970.0 mg/g. The kinetic study together with thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption of MG by LC-K2CO3 conformed to pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption process was spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic. Moreover, LC-K2CO3 also displayed good stability and selectivity, and can selective separate the cationic dye from binary-dye system. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism proposed in this work manifested that the high-efficient MG adsorption by LC-K2CO3 was a result of multiple actions including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, π-π interaction and n-π interaction as well as physical absorption. The work not only provide a fundamental theory for dye removal from wastewater, but offered a new insight for lignin valorization.
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INTRODUCTION: The special working environment of helicopter pilots, such as high altitudes and high temperatures, may give them a special health status. There has been little research on helicopter pilot health issues in China. The aim of this study was to gain a clear understanding of the disease spectrum in helicopter pilots and to provide a scientific basis for disease control and prevention in this population. METHODS: The annual aeromedical examination records and inpatient records of 516 helicopter pilots were collected by random sampling. The prevalence and sick leave time associated with each disease were computed. Spearman rank correlation analysis was employed to explore the relationship between prevalence and sick leave duration. RESULTS: The organ systems with the highest prevalence of disease were the digestive system (32.36%), cardiovascular system (18.60%), and musculoskeletal system (12.40%), while those with the longest associated sick leave periods were the digestive system (574 d), musculoskeletal system (532 d), and nervous system (323 d). There were no significant correlations between prevalence and sick leave times of diseases in any system (r = 0.64). The diseases with the highest prevalence were fatty liver (9.88%), hyperlipidemia (6.98%), and polypoid lesion of the gallbladder (3.49%), while those with the longest sick leave times were ground syncope (157 d), chronic gastritis (145 d), and lumbar disc herniation (91 d). CONCLUSION: Pilot health and performance were most affected by diseases of the digestive and musculoskeletal systems. Although not highly common, aero-related diseases (i.e., ground syncope) were also noteworthy for their long sick-leave times.
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Medicina Aeroespacial , Estado de Salud , Ausencia por Enfermedad/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Digestivo/epidemiología , Hígado Graso/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most severe sequelae of trauma. But a nationally representative epidemiological data for PTSD and trauma events (TEs) was unavailable in China. This article firstly demonstrated detailed epidemiological information on PTSD, TEs, and related comorbidities in the national-wide community-based mental health survey in China. A total of 9,378 participants completed the PTSD-related interview of the CIDI 3.0. Lifetime prevalence and 12-month prevalence of PTSD in total respondents were 0.3% and 0.2%. while the conditional lifetime and 12-month prevalence of PTSD after trauma exposure were 1.8% and 1.1%. The prevalence of exposure to any type of TE was 17.2%. Among individuals with the exposed to TEs, younger, without regular work (being a homemaker or retried), and intimate relationship breakdown (separated/Widowed/Divorced), living rurally were associated with either the lifetime PTSD or the 12-month PTSD, while the count of a specific TE, the unexpected death of loved one, was related to both. Alcohol dependence was the most common comorbidity among male participants with PTSD but major depressive disorder (MDD) for female counterparts. Our study can provide a reliable reference for future identification and intervention for people with PTSD.
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Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Acontecimientos que Cambian la Vida , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , China/epidemiología , Prevalencia , ComorbilidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The symptoms that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience are the dominant contributing factors to its heavy disease burden. This study sought to identify key symptoms leading to disability in patients with MDD. METHODS: Subjects consisted of patients who had a 12-month MDD diagnosis based on the China Mental Health Survey (CMHS). World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) was used to assess the degree of disability. The associations between depressive symptoms and disability were analyzed using a linear regression and logistic regression with a complex sampling design. RESULTS: Of the 32,552 community residents, 655 patients were diagnosed with 12-month MDD. The disability rate due to MDD was 1.06% (95% CI: 0.85%-1.28%) among adults in Chinese community and 50.7% (95% CI: 44.3%-57.1%) among MDD patients. Depression was associated with all functional losses measured by the WHODAS. Feelings of worthlessness in life or inappropriate guilt, and psychomotor agitation or retardation were the key symptoms related to disability. Economic status, co-morbidity of physical diseases or anxiety disorders were correlates of disability scores. LIMITATIONS: The disability rate might be underestimated due to the exclusion of MDD patients living in hospitals. The effect of treatments on disability was excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological symptoms, not somatic symptoms, contribute to disability in MDD patients. Disability worsens when physical diseases or anxiety disorders are present. More attention could be paid to psychological symptoms, physical diseases, and anxiety disorders in MDD patients with disabilities.
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Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Personas con Discapacidad , Adulto , Ansiedad , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Depresión , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , HumanosRESUMEN
Over 90% of infants infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) caused by mother-to-infant transmission will evolve to carrier status, and this cannot be prevented until widespread administration of the HB vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is implemented. This prospective study of 214 infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers was carried out to determine if either perinatal or intrauterine HBV transmission could be effectively prevented with HBIG and the HB vaccine. Peripheral blood was collected from mothers and from newborns before they received HBIG and the HB vaccine, as well as at 0, 1, 7, 24, and 36 months after birth. Infants born with an ratio of signal to noise(S/N) value of >5 for HBsAg (ABBOTT Diagnostic Kit) were defined as mother-to-infant transmission cases, those with an S/N between 5 and 50 were classified as perinatal transmission cases, and those with an S/N >50 were considered intrauterine transmission cases. Mother-to-infant transmission occurred in approximately 4.7% (10/214) of the infants; the perinatal transmission and intrauterine transmission rates were 3.7% (8/214) and 0.9% (2/214), respectively. The risk of mother-to-infant transmission increased along with maternal HBeAg or HBVDNA levels. After 36 months of follow-up, all perinatal cases became HBsAg-negative, whereas all intrauterine transmission cases evolved into carrier status. These results indicate that infants infected via intrauterine transmission cannot be effectively protected by HBIG and HB vaccine.
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Virus de la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Hepatitis B/transmisión , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/prevención & control , Adulto , Pueblo Asiatico , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/prevención & control , China/epidemiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hepatitis B/prevención & control , Hepatitis B/virología , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra Hepatitis B/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Madres , Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Most trophoblast cell lines currently available to study vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are immortalized by viral transformation. Our goal was to establish and characterize a spontaneously immortalized human first-trimester trophoblast cell line and its HBV-expressing clone. METHODS: Chorionic villi of Asian human first-trimester placentae were digested with trypsin and collagenase I to obtain the primary trophoblast cell culture. A spontaneously immortalized trophoblast cell line (HPT-8) was analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, cell cycle analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. HPT-8 cells were stably transfected with the adr subtype of HBV (HPT-8-HBV) and characterized by PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: We obtained a clonal derivative of a spontaneously immortalized primary cell clone (HPT-8). HPT-8 cells were epithelioid and polygonal, and formed multinucleate, giant cells. They exhibited microvilli, distinct desmosomes between adjacent cells, abundant endoplasm, lipid inclusions and glycogen granules, which are all characteristic of cytotrophoblasts. HPT-8 cells expressed cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 18, vimentin, cluster of differentiation antigen 9, epidermal growth factor receptor, stromal cell-derived factor 1 and placental alkaline phosphatase. They secreted prolactin, estradiol, progesterone and hCG, and were positive for HLA-G, a marker of extravillous trophoblasts. HPT-8-HBV cells were positive for HBV relaxed-circular, covalently closed circular DNA and pre-S sequence. HPT-8-HBV cells also produced and secreted HBV surface antigen and HBV e antigen. CONCLUSIONS: We established a trophoblast cell line, HPT-8 and its HBV-expressing clone which could be valuable in exploring the mechanism of HBV viral integration in human trophoblasts during intrauterine infection.
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Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Trofoblastos/citología , Línea Celular , Células Clonales , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Transfección , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Trofoblastos/virologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to explore the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene heterogeneity and maternal vertical transmission. METHODS: HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates were selected and classified into a vertical infection neonate group (group N), a vertical infection mother group (group M) and a control group (group C). Serum HBsAg and HBeAg were examined. HBV gene fragments, including the pre-S1, and pre-S2 and S coding regions, were amplified and sequenced, and the genotype and serotype of the sequences were identified. Mutation sites and frequency of mutations were then compared between group N and group C. RESULTS: A total of 104 HBV clone sequences were obtained. All obtained sequences belonged to genotype C and serotype adr. Upon comparing sequences between group N and group C, 4 nonsynonymous mutations were found with significant difference in mutation frequency (p < 0.05). When the mothers were both HBsAg and HBeAg positive, 10 nonsynonymous mutations were found. The frequencies of these mutations were significantly lower in group N than in group C (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The 10 HBV mutations were negatively associated with vertical transmission when maternal HBeAg was positive. Furthermore, the species that were vertically transmitted to the fetus were mainly wild-type.
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Vacunas contra Hepatitis B/administración & dosificación , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis B/transmisión , Hepatitis B/virología , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Adulto , Sustitución de Aminoácidos/genética , Secuencia Conservada , ADN Viral/química , ADN Viral/genética , Femenino , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/genética , Vacunas contra Hepatitis B/inmunología , Antígenos e de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Virus de la Hepatitis B/clasificación , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Mutación Missense , Polimorfismo Genético , Embarazo , Precursores de Proteínas/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
The objective of the study was to understand the rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to explore the effects of sociodemographic characteristics and the disaster losses on the development of PTSD 1 month after the 2008 earthquake in China. A random sample of 430 survivors were investigated for PTSD with a self-report questionnaire including the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale and Survivor Information Questionnaire between June 15 and June 20, 2008. Chi-square analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, were used to evaluate PTSD morbidity and risk factors of survivors. A total of 257 (62.8%) subjects met the criteria for PTSD 1 month after the earthquake. Married status (odds ratio (OR) =2.22, 95%confidence interval (CI): 1.06-4.65), female gender (OR=2.36, 95%CI: 1.51-3.70), having deaths or injury of family members (OR=1.67, 95%CI: 1.07-2.57), low education level (OR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.07-1.80), and losses of possessions (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.05-3.16) all had a significant effect on survivors' PTSD. PTSD was as prevalent in disaster victims in China as in those elsewhere. In the early stage of disasters, those victims who were female, not well educated, and suffered considerable losses in their possessions or family members should be closely attended to during the early psychological intervention.
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Terremotos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Sobrevivientes/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Incidencia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Factores de Riesgo , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Background: Anxiety disorders (ADs) are a group of disorders with a high disability rate and bring a huge social burden. In China, information on future trends in the disability among community ADs patients and its determinants are rare. The objectives of this study are to describe the future trends in the disability among ADs patients living in community and to investigate the determinants of the disability. Methods: Participants diagnosed with 12-month ADs in the China Mental Health Survey (CMHS) were followed up by telephone from April to June 2018 to assess the future trends in the disability in a 5-year interval using the World Health Organization's Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. The disability rate was reported and its determinants were analyzed by complex sample design multivariate logistic regression. Results: Totally 271 patients were interviewed by telephone and 33 informants finished proxy interviews. The disability rates were 45.9% and 14.3% among ADs patients at baseline and during the follow-up. Patients with general anxiety disorder (GAD) or agoraphobia with/without panic disorder (AGP) had the lower decrease and higher disability during the follow-up than patients with other subtypes. Patients aged in middle age (aged 40-49 years old, OR = 11.12, 95% CI: 4.16-29.72), having disability at baseline (OR = 7.18, 95% CI: 1.37-37.73), having comorbidity with three or more physical diseases (OR = 9.27, 95% CI: 2.48-34.71), and having comorbidity with other mental disorders (OR = 3.97, 95% CI: 1.13-13.96) had higher disability during the follow-up. Conclusions: The disability rate tends to decrease among ADs patients living in communities. Treatment priority should be given for ADs patients with disability and those in middle age. Treatments for the comorbidity of other mental disorders or physical diseases should be considered when treating anxiety.
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BACKGROUND: In China, depressive disorders have been estimated to be the second leading cause of years lived with disability. However, nationally representative epidemiological data for depressive disorders, in particular use of mental health services by adults with these disorders, are unavailable in China. The present study, part of the China Mental Health Survey, 2012-15, aims to describe the socioeconomic characteristics and the use of mental health services in people with depressive disorders in China. METHODS: The China Mental Health Survey was a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of mental disorders in a multistage clustered-area probability sample of adults of Chinese nationality (≥18 years) from 157 nationwide representative population-based disease surveillance points in 31 provinces across China. Trained investigators interviewed the participants with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 to ascertain the presence of lifetime and 12-month depressive disorders according to DSM-IV criteria, including major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Participants with 12-month depressive disorders were asked whether they received any treatment for their emotional problems during the past 12 months and, if so, the specific types of treatment providers. The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) was used to assess impairments associated with 12-month depressive symptoms. Data-quality control procedures included logic check by computers, sequential recording check, and phone-call check by the quality controllers, and reinterview check by the psychiatrists. Data were weighted according to the age-sex-residence distribution data from China's 2010 census population survey to adjust for differential probabilities of selection and differential response, as well as to post-stratify the sample to match the population distribution. FINDINGS: 28 140 respondents (12 537 [44·6%] men and 15 603 [55·4%] women) completed the survey between July 22, 2013, and March 5, 2015. Ethnicity data (Han or non-Han) were collected for only a subsample. Prevalence of any depressive disorders was higher in women than men (lifetime prevalence odds ratio [OR] 1·44 [95% CI 1·20-1·72] and 12-month prevalence OR 1·41 [1·12-1·78]), in unemployed people than employed people (lifetime OR 2·38 [95% CI 1·68-3·38] and 12-month OR 2·80 [95% CI 1·88-4·18]), and in people who were separated, widowed, or divorced compared with those who were married or cohabiting (lifetime OR 1·87 [95% CI 1·39-2·51] and 12-month OR 1·85 [95% CI 1·40-2·46]). Overall, 574 (weighted % 75·9%) of 744 people with 12-month depressive disorders had role impairment of any SDS domain: 439 (83·6%) of 534 respondents with major depressive disorder, 207 (79·8%) of 254 respondents with dysthymic disorder, and 122 (59·9%) of 189 respondents with depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Only an estimated 84 (weighted % 9·5%) of 1007 participants with 12-month depressive disorders were treated in any treatment sector: 38 (3·6%) in speciality mental health, 20 (1·5%) in general medical, two (0·3%) in human services, and 21 (2·7%) in complementary and alternative medicine. Only 12 (0·5%) of 1007 participants with depressive disorders were treated adequately. INTERPRETATION: Depressive disorders in China were more prevalent in women than men, unemployed people than employed, and those who were separated, widowed, or divorced than people who were married or cohabiting. Most people with depressive disorders reported social impairment. Treatment rates were very low, and few people received adequate treatment. National programmes are needed to remove barriers to availability, accessibility, and acceptability of care for depression in China. FUNDING: National Health Commission and Ministry of Science and Technology of People's Republic of China. TRANSLATION: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Trastorno Distímico/epidemiología , Servicios de Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Vigilancia de la Población/métodos , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/tratamiento farmacológico , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Trastorno Distímico/tratamiento farmacológico , Carga Global de Enfermedades , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Muscle and fat cells translocate GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) to the plasma membrane when stimulated by insulin. Usually, this event is measured in differentiated adipocytes, myotubes, or cell lines overexpressing tagged GLUT4 by immunostaining. However, measurement of the translocation in differentiated adipocytes or myotubes or GLUT4 overexpressing cell lines is difficult because of high assay variability caused by either the differentiation protocol or low assay sensitivity. We recently reported the identification of a novel splice variant of AS160 (substrate of 160kDa), namely AS160_v2, and showed that its coexpression with GLUT4 in L6 myoblasts increased the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake rate due to an increased amount of GLUT4 on the cell surface. L6 cells, which coexpress myc-tagged GLUT4 and AS160_v2, can be efficiently used to generate an assay useful for identifying compounds that affect cellular responses to insulin. We compared the EC(50) values for radioactive glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation of different insulins and several small molecules to validate the assay. The use of L6 cells overexpressing AS160_v2 can be considered as a novel tool for the characterization of molecules modulating insulin signaling and GLUT4 translocation, and an image-based assay increases our confidence in the mode of action of the compounds identified.