Methane gas sensor based on direct absorption spectroscopy and the laser self-heating effect.

In this paper, a methane detection sensor based on direct absorption spectroscopy and the self-heating effect of lasers is proposed, which abandons the traditional method of relying on a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) to ensure stable gas concentration detection. The sensor can achieve stable concentration measurement in the temperature range of -10∘ to 40°C without the need for a TEC, which greatly simplifies the structure of the sensor and reduces the cost. The results of gas concentration calibration experiments show that the sensor has a good linear correlation (R 2=0.9993). Long-term continuous detection experiments show that the sensor maintains a relative detection error between -2.667% and 4.3% over the full test temperature range. In addition, signal-to-noise ratio analysis experiments further determine that the minimum detection limit of the sensor for methane gas is 27.33p p m⋅m (1σ). Given its advantages of simple structure, low cost, high accuracy, and stability, this methane detection sensor is well suited for natural gas leakage monitoring in home environments and can also be widely used in industrial safety detection and environmental monitoring applications. This technology provides a cost-effective solution for domestic and industrial methane detection.

Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expressional profile of the Dmrt gene family in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis).

Chinese sturgeon Dmrt gene family was identified and characterized for the first time. A total of 5 putative Dmrt genes were identified. The gene structure, conserved protein domain and the phylogenetic relationship of Dmrt gene family were systematically analyzed. The expressed profile of Chinese sturgeon Dmrt genes in gonad, pituitary and hypothalamus in the male and female were investigated. The results indicated that the accumulation of Dmrt genes was involved in different tissues, and the expression profile also differed among each Dmrt genes. ASDmrt1A, ASDmrt2, ASDmrt3, and ASDmrtA1 were highly expressed in the testis in comparison with other tissue. This result showed that ASDmrt1A, ASDmrt2, ASDmrt3, and ASDmrtA1 played an important role in the development of testicle, and may be useful tool in distinguishing between male and female of Chinese sturgeon. Our study will provide a basis for additional analyses of Chinese sturgeon Dmrt genes. This systematic analysis provided a foundation for further functional characterization of Dmrt genes with an aim of study of Chinese sturgeon Dmrt gene family.

Whole-genome Sequencing Reveals Autooctoploidy in Chinese Sturgeon and Its Evolutionary Trajectories.

The order Acipenseriformes, which includes sturgeons and paddlefishes, represents "living fossils" with complex genomes that are good models for understanding whole-genome duplication (WGD) and ploidy evolution in fishes. Here, we sequenced and assembled the first high-quality chromosome-level genome for the complex octoploid Acipenser sinensis (Chinese sturgeon), a critically endangered species that also represents a poorly understood ploidy group in Acipenseriformes. Our results show that A. sinensis is a complex autooctoploid species containing four kinds of octovalents (8n), a hexavalent (6n), two tetravalents (4n), and a divalent (2n). An analysis taking into account delayed rediploidization reveals that the octoploid genome composition of Chinese sturgeon results from two rounds of homologous WGDs, and further provides insights into the timing of its ploidy evolution. This study provides the first octoploid genome resource of Acipenseriformes for understanding ploidy compositions and evolutionary trajectories of polyploid fishes.

The impact of long term exposure to phthalic acid esters on reproduction in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus).

The environmental risk of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) is of great concern. We investigated the reproductive impairment of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) on Chinese rare minnow, an endemic fish inhabiting the upper streams of the Yangtze River. Chinese rare minnow larvae were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of DEHP (0, 4.2, 13.3, and 40.8 µg/L) for 6 months. Plasma testosterone and 17ß-estradiol levels decreased in females, accompanied by downregulation of cyp19a and cyp17 gene transcription in ovary. Increases in plasma testosterone concentration were observed in males, accompanied by downregulation of cyp19a gene transcription in testes. Hepatic VTG gene transcription was upregulated in males and females. Exposure to DEHP reduced egg production and inhibited oocyte maturation in females and retarded spermiation in males. Decreased egg protein content was measured in F1 embryos. These results indicate that long-term exposure to low concentrations of DEHP (13.3 µg/L) causes endocrine disruption and impairs fish reproduction.

Endocrine disruption by di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus).

Great concern has been raised over the potential impact of environmental contaminants on fish populations that inhabit the Three Gorge Reservoir. The present study investigated the endocrine-disrupting effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) on the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus), an endemic fish distributed in upstream waters in the Yangtze River. Adult rare minnow were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of DEHP (0 µg/L, 3.6 µg/L, 12.8 µg/L, 39.4 µg/L, and 117.6 µg/L) for a 21-d period. Then, concentrations of sex hormones in the plasma and relative transcription of various associated genes were measured in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and liver of the fish. Exposure to DEHP resulted in greater circulating concentrations of testosterone (T) and lower concentrations of estradiol (E2), which were accompanied by upregulation of Cyp17 mRNA and downregulation of Cyp19a mRNA in the gonads of females. In males, increases of T and E2 levels were consistent with upregulation of Cyp17 and Cyp19a in the gonads. Furthermore, the T/E2 ratio was increased in females but reduced in males. A significant increase in the levels of hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) gene transcription was observed in both females and males. The present study showed that waterborne exposure to DEHP altered plasma sex hormone levels and modulated gene transcription profiles of associated genes in the HPG axis and liver, occurring mostly at higher concentrations (>39.4 µg/L), which suggests that environmental concentration of DEHP (5.4 µg/L) alone might not disturb the endocrine system of the rare minnow in the TGR.