RESUMEN
Apart from the canonical serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT])-receptor signaling transduction pattern, 5-HT-involved post-translational serotonylation has recently been noted. Here, we report a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) serotonylation system that promotes the glycolytic metabolism and antitumor immune activity of CD8+ T cells. Tissue transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) transfers 5-HT to GAPDH glutamine 262 and catalyzes the serotonylation reaction. Serotonylation supports the cytoplasmic localization of GAPDH, which induces a glycolytic metabolic shift in CD8+ T cells and contributes to antitumor immunity. CD8+ T cells accumulate intracellular 5-HT for serotonylation through both synthesis by tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and uptake from the extracellular compartment via serotonin transporter (SERT). Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) degrades 5-HT and acts as an intrinsic negative regulator of CD8+ T cells. The adoptive transfer of 5-HT-producing TPH1-overexpressing chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells induced a robust antitumor response. Our findings expand the known range of neuroimmune interaction patterns by providing evidence of receptor-independent serotonylation post-translational modification.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Serotonina , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismo , Serotonina/farmacología , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Defect engineering is widely used to impart the desired functionalities on materials. Despite the widespread application of atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), traditional methods for defect analysis are highly sensitive to random noise and human bias. While deep learning (DL) presents a viable alternative, it requires extensive amounts of training data with labeled ground truth. Herein, employing cycle generative adversarial networks (CycleGAN) and U-Nets, we propose a method based on a single experimental STEM image to tackle high annotation costs and image noise for defect detection. Not only atomic defects but also oxygen dopants in monolayer MoS2 are visualized. The method can be readily extended to other two-dimensional systems, as the training is based on unit-cell-level images. Therefore, our results outline novel ways to train the model with minimal data sets, offering great opportunities to fully exploit the power of DL in the materials science community.
RESUMEN
There is growing acknowledgment that the properties of the electrochemical interfaces play an increasingly pivotal role in improving the performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we present, for the first time, direct dynamic spectral evidence illustrating the impact of the interaction between interfacial water molecules and adsorbed hydroxyl species (OHad) on the HER properties of Ni(OH)2 using Au/core-Ni(OH)2/shell nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Notably, our findings highlight that the interaction between OHad and interfacial water molecules promotes the formation of weakly hydrogen-bonded water, fostering an environment conducive to improving the HER performance. Furthermore, the participation of OHad in the reaction is substantiated by the observed deprotonation step of Au@2 nm Ni(OH)2 during the HER process. This phenomenon is corroborated by the phase transition of Ni(OH)2 to NiO, as verified through Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The significant redshift in the OH-stretching frequency of water molecules during the phase transition confirms that surface OHad disrupts the hydrogen-bond network of interfacial water molecules. Through manipulation of the shell thickness of Au@Ni(OH)2, we additionally validate the interaction between OHad and interfacial water molecules. In summary, our insights emphasize the potential of electrochemical interfacial engineering as a potent approach to enhance electrocatalytic performance.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hyperactivation of ribosome biogenesis leads to hepatocyte transformation and plays pivotal roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. We aimed to identify critical ribosome biogenesis proteins that are overexpressed and crucial in HCC progression. METHODS: HEAT repeat containing 1 (HEATR1) expression and clinical correlations were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases and further evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of an HCC tissue microarray. Gene expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA. HEATR1-knockdown cells were subjected to viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays and used to establish subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect the association of candidate proteins with specific DNA sequences. Endogenous coimmunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry was used to identify protein interactions. We performed immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays to detect and localize proteins in cells. The nucleolus ultrastructure was detected by transmission electron microscopy. Click-iT (Thermo Fisher Scientific) RNA imaging and puromycin incorporation assays were used to measure nascent ribosomal RNA and protein synthesis, respectively. Proteasome activity, 20S proteasome foci formation, and protein stability were evaluated in HEATR1-knockdown HCC cells. RESULTS: HEATR1 was the most up-regulated gene in a set of ribosome biogenesis mediators in HCC samples. High expression of HEATR1 was associated with poor survival and malignant clinicopathologic features in patients with HCC and contributed to HCC growth in vitro and in vivo. HEATR1 expression was regulated by the transcription factor specificity protein 1, which can be activated by insulin-like growth factor 1-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling in HCC cells. HEATR1 localized predominantly in the nucleolus, bound to ribosomal DNA, and was associated with RNA polymerase I transcription/processing factors. Knockdown of HEATR1 disrupted ribosomal RNA biogenesis and impaired nascent protein synthesis, leading to reduced cytoplasmic proteasome activity and inhibitory-κB/nuclear factor-κB signaling. Moreover, HEATR1 knockdown induced nucleolar stress with increased nuclear proteasome activity and inactivation of the nucleophosmin 1-MYC axis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that HEATR1 is up-regulated by insulin-like growth factor 1-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1-specificity protein 1 signaling in HCC and functions as a crucial regulator of ribosome biogenesis and proteome homeostasis to promote HCC development.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Homeostasis , Calor , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 1 de la Rapamicina/metabolismo , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal/genética , Proteoma/metabolismo , Ribosomas/metabolismo , Ribosomas/patología , ARN Ribosómico/genética , ARN Ribosómico/metabolismoRESUMEN
Cellular vesicle long-distance transport along the cytoplasmic actin network has recently been uncovered in several cell systems. In metaphase mouse oocytes, the motor protein myosin-5b (Myo5b) and the actin nucleation factor Spire are recruited to the Rab11a-positive vesicle membrane, forming a ternary complex of Myo5b/Spire/Rab11a that drives the vesicle long-distance transport to the oocyte cortex. However, the mechanism underlying the intermolecular regulation of the Myo5b/Spire/Rab11a complex remains unknown. In this study, we expressed and purified Myo5b, Spire2, and Rab11a proteins, and performed ATPase activity measurements, pulldown and single-molecule motility assays. Our results demonstrate that both Spire2 and Rab11a are required to activate Myo5b motor activity under physiological ionic conditions. The GTBM fragment of Spire2 stimulates the ATPase activity of Myo5b, while Rab11a enhances this activation. This activation occurs by disrupting the head-tail interaction of Myo5b. Furthermore, at the single-molecule level, we observed that the GTBM fragment of Spire2 and Rab11a coordinate to stimulate the Myo5b motility activity. Based on our results, we propose that upon association with the vesicle membrane, Myo5b, Spire2 and Rab11a form a ternary complex, and the inhibited Myo5b is synergistically activated by Spire2 and Rab11a, thereby triggering the long-distance transport of vesicles.
Asunto(s)
Actinas , Miosina Tipo V , Ratones , Animales , Actinas/metabolismo , Miosinas/metabolismo , Citoesqueleto de Actina/metabolismo , Miosina Tipo V/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rab/metabolismoRESUMEN
The identification of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-disease associations is of great value for disease diagnosis and treatment, and it is now commonly used to predict potential lncRNA-disease associations with computational methods. However, the existing methods do not sufficiently extract key features during data processing, and the learning model parts are either less powerful or overly complex. Therefore, there is still potential to achieve better predictive performance by improving these two aspects. In this work, we propose a novel lncRNA-disease association prediction method LDAformer based on topological feature extraction and Transformer encoder. We construct the heterogeneous network by integrating the associations between lncRNAs, diseases and micro RNAs (miRNAs). Intra-class similarities and inter-class associations are presented as the lncRNA-disease-miRNA weighted adjacency matrix to unify semantics. Next, we design a topological feature extraction process to further obtain multi-hop topological pathway features latent in the adjacency matrix. Finally, to capture the interdependencies between heterogeneous pathways, a Transformer encoder based on the global self-attention mechanism is employed to predict lncRNA-disease associations. The efficient feature extraction and the intuitive and powerful learning model lead to ideal performance. The results of computational experiments on two datasets show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline methods. Additionally, case studies further indicate its capability to discover new associations accurately.
Asunto(s)
MicroARNs , Neoplasias , ARN Largo no Codificante , Humanos , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Biología Computacional/métodos , Neoplasias/genética , MicroARNs/genéticaRESUMEN
The laser-induced damage of ultraviolet fused silica optics is a critical factor that limits the performance enhancement of high-power laser facility. Currently, wet etching technology based on hydrofluoric acid (HF) can effectively eliminate absorbing impurities and subsurface defects, thereby significantly enhancing the damage resistance of fused silica optics. However, with an increase in the operating fluence, the redeposition defects generated during wet etching gradually become the primary bottleneck that restricts its performance improvement. The composition and morphology of redeposition defects were initially identified in this study, followed by an elucidation of their formation mechanism. A mitigation strategy was then proposed, which combines a reduction in the generation of precipitation with an acceleration of the precipitation dissolution process. Additionally, we systematically investigated the influence of various process parameters such as extrinsic impurity, etching depth, and megasonic excitation on the mitigation of deposition defects. Furthermore, a novel multiple-step dynamic etching method was developed. Through comprehensive characterization techniques, it has been confirmed that this new etching process not only effectively mitigate redeposition defects under low fluence conditions but also exhibits significant inhibition effects on high fluence precursors. Consequently, it significantly enhances the laser damage resistance performance of fused silica optics.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms among men. GreenLight photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GL-PVP) using a 180-W Xcelerated performance system (XPS) laser is a well-established method for treating BPO-induced voiding symptoms. However, its therapeutic effects on storage symptoms remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the storage outcomes in patients who underwent 180-W XPS GL-PVP for BPO and to identify outcome predictors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent 180-W XPS GL-PVP for BPO between May 2018 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on clinical characteristics, prostate volume, preoperative and postoperative International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), and preoperative urodynamic parameters were collected. A favorable storage outcome was defined as ≥50% reduction in the IPSS storage subscore. RESULTS: Ninety-nine male patients were included, with a mean age of 69.4 ± 9.6 years and a baseline prostatic volume of 75.9 ± 33.1 mL. The IPSS total, storage, and voiding subscores significantly decreased after GL-PVP (all p < 0.001). Seventy-two patients achieved favorable storage outcome at 6 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that detrusor underactivity was predictive of unfavorable storage outcomes (p = 0.022), while IPSS voiding-to-storage subscore ratio >1.25 and the presence of detrusor overactivity were predictive of favorable storage outcomes (p = 0.008 and 0.033, respectively). CONCLUSION: 180-W XPS GL-PVP provided excellent outcomes in both voiding and storage lower urinary tract symptoms concomitant with BPO. Preoperative IPSS and multichannel urodynamic parameters including detrusor overactivity and underactivity are valuable predictors of postoperative storage outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Terapia por Láser , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior , Hiperplasia Prostática , Resección Transuretral de la Próstata , Obstrucción Uretral , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Próstata/cirugía , Hiperplasia Prostática/complicaciones , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Volatilización , Resección Transuretral de la Próstata/efectos adversos , Resección Transuretral de la Próstata/métodos , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/cirugía , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/complicaciones , Obstrucción Uretral/complicaciones , Terapia por Láser/efectos adversos , Terapia por Láser/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF), which is caused by cardiac overload and injury, is linked to significant mortality. Writers of RNA modification (WRMs) play a crucial role in the regulation of epigenetic processes involved in immune response and cardiovascular disease. However, the potential roles of these writers in the immunological milieu of HF remain unknown. METHODS: We comprehensively characterized the expressions of 28 WRMs using datasets GSE145154 and GSE141910 to map the cardiac immunological microenvironment in HF patients. Based on the expression of WRMs, the immunological cells in the datasets were scored. RESULTS: Single-cell transcriptomics analysis (GSE145154) revealed immunological dysregulation in HF as well as differential expression of WRMs in immunological cells from HF and non-HF (NHF) samples. WRM-scored immunological cells were positively correlated with the immunological response, and the high WRM score group exhibited elevated immunological cell infiltration. WRMs are involved in the differentiation of T cells and myeloid cells. WRM scores of T cell and myeloid cell subtypes were significantly reduced in the HF group compared to the NHF group. We identified a myogenesis-related resident macrophage population in the heart, Macro-MYL2, that was characterized by an increased expression of cardiomyocyte structural genes (MYL2, TNNI3, TNNC1, TCAP, and TNNT2) and was regulated by TRMT10C. Based on the WRM expression pattern, the transcriptomics data (GSE141910) identified two distinct clusters of HF samples, each with distinct functional enrichments and immunological characteristics. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated a significant relationship between the WRMs and immunological microenvironment in HF, as well as a novel resident macrophage population, Macro-MYL2, characterized by myogenesis. These results provide a novel perspective on the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets for HF. Further experiments are required to validate the regulation of WRMs and Macro-MYL2 macrophage subtype in the cardiac immunological milieu.
Asunto(s)
Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Macrófagos , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Transcriptoma , Humanos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/genética , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/inmunología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/inmunología , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Microambiente Celular , Procesamiento Postranscripcional del ARN , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Regulación de la Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
The research of liver metastasis is a developing field. The ability of tumor cells to invade the liver depends on the complicated interactions between metastatic cells and local subpopulations in the liver (including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and immune-related cells). These interactions are mainly mediated by intercellular adhesion and the release of cytokines. Cell populations in the liver microenvironment can play a dual role in the progression of liver metastasis through different mechanisms. At the same time, we can see the participation of liver parenchymal cells and nonparenchymal cells in the process of liver metastasis of different tumors. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to summarize the relationship between cellular components of liver microenvironment and metastasis and emphasize the importance of different cells in the occurrence or potential regression of liver metastasis.
Asunto(s)
Células Endoteliales , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Células Endoteliales/patología , Hígado/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Macrófagos del Hígado , Hepatocitos , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To explore the impact of different intraoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) settings on the safety and prognosis in phacoemulsification. METHODS: Age related cataract patients who met the inclusion criteria and underwent phacoemulsification by using active sentry handpiece and active fluidics system. According to different intraoperative IOP settings during surgery, they were randomly divided into two groups: the 20mmHg group and the 60mmHg group. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), total U/S time, active surge mitigation (ASM), estimated fluid usage (EFU) as well as the changes in corneal thickness (CT), corneal epithelial layer thickness (CELT) and endothelial cell density (ECD) were collected. The post-operative follow-up was only 1 day. RESULTS: A total of 110 cases (110 eyes) were included in the study. There were 55 eyes in each group. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative BCVA (p = 0.839). The CDE, total U/S time and EFU during surgery were (5.22 ± 3.31), (30.60 ± 15.06), (45.07 ± 12.68) and (4.70 ± 2.83), (27.39 ± 13.75), (42.38 ± 11.93) in the 20mmHg group and 60mmHg group (p = 0.381, 0.246, 0.254). The ASM during surgery in the 20mmHg group and 60mmHg group were (0.95 ± 2.77) and (7.24 ± 6.34), respectively. The 20mmHg group showed a significant decrease in ASM (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the changes in CT, CELT and ECD before and after surgery between the two groups (p = 0.913, 0.825, 0.624). Both groups did not experience any intraoperative complications, such as posterior capsule rupture. CONCLUSION: A lower IOP setting of 20 mmHg can significantly reduce the occurrence of intraoperative surges during phacoemulsification. And there was no increase in rate of complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial registration number is ChiCTR2100050240. The registered date is August 24th, 2021.
Asunto(s)
Presión Intraocular , Facoemulsificación , Agudeza Visual , Humanos , Facoemulsificación/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Anciano , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Seguimiento , Catarata/complicaciones , Catarata/fisiopatología , Endotelio Corneal/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (sDAVF) is a rare vascular malformation that leads to serious neurological symptoms. We treat a 52-year-old man with sDAVF in the thoracic segment exhibiting uncoordinated gait. METHOD: Thoracic MRI of the lesion indicated myelomalacia and dilated blood vessels, while DSA revealed the right T6 radicular artery as the feeding arteriole. A full endoscopic obliteration of the lesion was performed under angiography guidance in a hybrid operation room. CONCLUSION: The case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary and individualized approach to successfully manage sDAVF using a fully endoscopic approach.
Asunto(s)
Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal , Masculino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Endoscopía , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Malformaciones Vasculares del Sistema Nervioso Central/cirugía , Angiografía , ArteriasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The status of the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) grading system and the association between LUAD differentiation, driver genes, and clinicopathological features remain to be elucidated. METHODS: We included patients with invasive non-mucinous LUAD, evaluated their differentiation, and collected available clinicopathological information, gene mutations, and analyzed clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 907 patients with invasive non-mucinous LUAD, 321 (35.4 %) were poorly differentiated, 422 (46.5 %) were moderately differentiated, and 164 (18.1 %) were well differentiated. EGFR mutation was more common in the LUADs accompanied without CGP (complex glandular pattern) than LUADs with CGP (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis between mutations and clinical characteristics showed that EGFR gene mutation (p < 0.001), KRAS gene mutation (p < 0.05), and ALK gene rearrangement (p < 0.001) were significantly related to the degree of tumor differentiation, and the KRAS and ALK gene mutation frequencies were higher in the low-differentiation group than in the high and medium differentiation groups. The EGFR mutation frequency was higher in the well/moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study adds to the evidence regarding the role of the grading system in prognosis. EGFR, KRAS, and ALK are related to the degree of tumor differentiation.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Receptores ErbB , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mutación , Clasificación del Tumor , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras) , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/genética , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Clasificación del Tumor/métodos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Receptores ErbB/genética , Adulto , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Quinasa de Linfoma Anaplásico/genética , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previous research on the factors associated with surgical dose-response in strabismus surgery for exotropia has yielded inconsistent results. This study determined the factors influencing surgical dose-response in exotropia patients who underwent recession and resection (R&R). METHODS: Exotropia patients who underwent unilateral R&R at the National Taiwan University Hospital between 2006 and 2021 were evaluated. Deviation-angle differences in prism diopters (PD) were measured preoperatively and at 1 month postoperatively. Surgical dose-response (PD/mm) was defined as the difference in deviation angle (in PD) divided by the surgical dose in millimeters. Linear and non-linear regression models were used to evaluate the influence of variables including age, sex, axial length, and preoperative deviation on surgical dose-response. RESULTS: Overall, 295 patients (162 children; 133 adults) were included. Average surgical dose-response in the pediatric and adult groups was 2.82 ± 0.60 PD/mm and 3.02 ± 0.62 PD/mm, respectively. Male sex was negatively correlated with surgical dose-response in children. The surgical dose-response was larger in adults with longer axial length (>25.64 mm) and patients with larger preoperative deviation (>42.6 PD and >38.7 PD in pediatric and adult groups, respectively). Surgical dose-responses peaked at 35.1 years. CONCLUSION: Age, axial length, and preoperative deviation have a nonlinear effect on surgical dose-responses in exotropia patients undergoing R&R. Surgical dose-responses were larger in patients in young adulthood, with longer axial length and larger preoperative deviation angle. A table with fitted values for surgical dose-response based on age, axial length, and preoperative deviation was established for clinical reference.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: An increasing number of individuals with stroke are having difficulties in returning to work, having a significant impact on both individuals and society. The aims of this meta-analysis were to summarize the interventions to support the return to work (RTW) for individuals with stroke and to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of each type of intervention. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched until 26 June 2023, and the list of references of the initially included articles was also searched. Two researchers independently performed the search, screening, selection, and data extraction. The primary outcome was RTW rate (the RTW rate was defined as the proportion of individuals who returned to work in each group (intervention and control) at the endpoint). Pooled risk ratio (RR) was estimated using a random-effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 13 studies representing 4,282 individuals with stroke were included in our study. Results showed that physiological interventions could improve the RTW rate of individuals with stroke (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.42, I2 = 72%). And receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy was beneficial in promoting the RTW in individuals with stroke. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis showed that the individuals' functional status during hospitalization was the only source of heterogeneity. Psychological interventions had little or no effect on the RTW rate of individuals with stroke (RR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.58 to 2.51, I2 = 30%). Work-related interventions had little or no effect on the RTW rate of the individuals with stroke (RR:1.36,95%CI: 0.99 to 1.88, I2 = 73%). The subgroup analysis showed that country, age, and follow-up method were the sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: Physiological intervention promoted the RTW of individuals with stroke. But, the effect of psychological and work-related interventions in promoting the RTW of individuals with stroke was not significant. We anticipate that these findings may inform the design of future interventions. For future research, we recommend that more high-quality randomized controlled trials be conducted to further promote the RTW of individuals with stroke. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO Registration Number, CRD42023443668.
RESUMEN
Bacterial species within the Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus (Acb) complex are very similar and are difficult to discriminate. Misidentification of these species in human infection may lead to severe consequences in clinical settings. Therefore, it is important to accurately discriminate these pathogens within the Acb complex. Raman spectroscopy is a simple method that has been widely studied for bacterial identification with high similarities. In this study, we combined surfaced-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with a set of machine learning algorithms for identifying species within the Acb complex. According to the results, the support vector machine (SVM) model achieved the best prediction accuracy at 98.33% with a fivefold cross-validation rate of 96.73%. Taken together, this study confirms that the SERS-SVM method provides a convenient way to discriminate between A. baumannii, Acinetobacter pittii, and Acinetobacter nosocomialis in the Acb complex, which shows an application potential for species identification of Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex in clinical settings in near future.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Acinetobacter , Acinetobacter baumannii , Acinetobacter , Humanos , Espectrometría Raman , Infecciones por Acinetobacter/microbiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study pursued two main purposes. The first aim was to expound on the microscopic factors of radiation-related caries (RRC). Further, it aimed to compare the remineralization effect of different remineralizing agents on demineralized teeth after radiotherapy. METHODS: The enamel and dentin samples of bovine teeth were irradiated with different doses of radiation. After analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the samples irradiated with 50 Gy radiation were selected and divided into the demineralization group, the double distilled water (DDW) group, the Sodium fluoride (NaF) group, the Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) group, the NaF + CPP-ACP group, and the Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) group. After demineralization, remineralizing agents treatment, and remineralization, the samples were evaluated using SEM, atomic force microscope (AFM), EDS, and transverse microradiography (TMR). RESULTS: A radiation dose of 30 Gy was sufficient to cause damage to the dentinal tubules, but 70 Gy radiation had little effect on the microstructure of enamel. Additionally, the NaF + CPP-ACP group and the TiF4 group significantly promoted deposit formation, decreased surface roughness, and reduced mineral loss and lesion depth of demineralized enamel and dentin samples after radiation. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation causes more significant damage to dentin compared to enamel. NaF + CPP-ACP and TiF4 had a promising ability to promote remineralization of irradiated dental hard tissues. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This in vitro study contributes to determining a safer radiation dose range for teeth and identifying the most effective remineralization approach for RRC.
Asunto(s)
Caseínas , Esmalte Dental , Dentina , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Fluoruro de Sodio , Remineralización Dental , Animales , Bovinos , Remineralización Dental/métodos , Caseínas/uso terapéutico , Dentina/efectos de la radiación , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Fluoruro de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Esmalte Dental/efectos de la radiación , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Difracción de Rayos X , Titanio , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Microrradiografía , Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica , Fluoruros/uso terapéutico , Espectrometría por Rayos X , Caries Dental/etiología , Desmineralización Dental/etiología , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although oral hygiene is closely related to various diseases, it is sub-optimal in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Oral care in the ICU is challenged by nursing workloads, low staffing, and higher acuity patients, there are few policies and written guidelines for oral care. Nurses often delegate oral care to nursing assistants (NAs) whose role is overlooked. This study is to explore the perspectives, obstacles, and challenges of NAs in the oral care of the ICU. METHODS: A qualitative study and semi-structured interviews were conducted with NAs in three ICU units, and Colaizzi's phenomenological method was used to analyze the records. RESULTS: Initially, 13 NAs met the inclusion criteria, and two did not participate in this study as they refused to be recorded. Finally, 11 ICU NAs were interviewed, with three receiving face-to-face interviews and eight receiving telephone interviews. Using Colaizzi's phenomenological method, two themes and eight subthemes emerged from the data, we examined the self-perception, barriers and challenges of NAs regarding oral care and identified the subthemes: (1) The target audience, frequency, and importance; (2) Role; (3) Evaluation; (4) Patient-related factors; (5) Oral care tools; (6) Psychology of NAs; (7) Lack of education and training; (8) Lack of team support. CONCLUSION: Nursing assistants whose roles are overlooked by the nursing team are important members of the ICU team. Though oral care is closely related to disease prevention, it is rarely considered an essential task. Major barriers to implementing oral care in the ICU environment and patients include the psychological quality of participants, non-standard education and training, and inadequate team support. The expectation is that medical personnel will prioritize oral hygiene and recognize the significance of NAs in nursing work. Furthermore, future ICU oral care should investigate suitable tools and mouthwashes, simplified and standardized processes, standardized training, and multidisciplinary team collaboration.
Asunto(s)
Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Asistentes de Enfermería , Humanos , Investigación Cualitativa , Recursos Humanos , Carga de Trabajo , Higiene BucalRESUMEN
Light-driven hydrogen production from biomass derivatives offers a path towards carbon neutrality. It is often however operated with the limitations of sluggish kinetics and severe coking. Herein, a disruptive air-promoted strategy is explored for efficient and durable light-driven hydrogen production from ethanol over a core/shell Cr2O3@GaN nanoarchitecture. The correlative computational and experimental investigations show ethanol is energetically favorable to be adsorbed on the Cr2O3@GaN interface, followed by dehydrogenation toward acetaldehyde and protons by photoexcited holes. The released protons are then consumed for H2 evolution by photogenerated electrons. Afterward, O2 can be evolved into active oxygen species and promote the deprotonation and C-C cleavage of the key C2 intermediate, thus significantly lowering the reaction energy barrier of hydrogen evolution and removing the carbon residual with inhibited overoxidation. Consequently, hydrogen is produced at a high rate of 76.9â mole H2 per gram Cr2O3@GaN per hour by only feeding ethanol, air, and light, leading to the achievement of a turnover number of 266,943,000â mole H2 per mole Cr2O3 over a long-term operation of 180â hours. Notably, an unprecedented light-to-hydrogen efficiency of 17.6 % is achieved under concentrated light illumination. The simultaneous generation of aldehyde from ethanol dehydrogenation enables the process more economically promising.
RESUMEN
Current methods for the early detection and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring of urothelial carcinoma (UC) are invasive and/or possess suboptimal sensitivity. We developed an efficient workflow named urine tumor DNA multidimensional bioinformatic predictor (utLIFE). Using UC-specific mutations and large copy number variations, the utLIFE-UC model was developed on a bladder cancer cohort (n = 150) and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) bladder cancer cohort (n = 674) and an upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) cohort (n = 22). The utLIFE-UC model could discriminate 92.8% of UCs with 96.0% specificity and was robustly validated in the BLCA_TCGA and UTUC cohorts. Furthermore, compared to cytology, utLIFE-UC improved the sensitivity of bladder cancer detection (p < 0.01). In the MRD cohort, utLIFE-UC could distinguish 100% of patients with residual disease, showing superior sensitivity compared to cytology (p < 0.01) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH, p < 0.05). This study shows that utLIFE-UC can be used to detect UC with high sensitivity and specificity in patients with early-stage cancer or MRD. The utLIFE-UC is a cost-effective, rapid, high-throughput, noninvasive, and promising approach that may reduce the burden of cystoscopy and blind surgery.