The effect of facilitated tucking and white noise on stress and sleep of newborns receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of facilitated tucking and white noise on stress and sleep in neonates receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). METHOD: This study was conducted as a randomised controlled experimental study of neonates receiving nasal CPAP in neonatal intensive care units. The study sample consisted of 108 newborns (facilitated tucking (n = 36), white noise (n = 36) and control (n = 36)) receiving nasal CPAP support in the NICU. The neonates' sleep parameters were recorded by actigraphy for 24 h. Data were collected using the Neonatal Descriptive Information Form, the Sleep Tracking Form and the Neonatal Stress Scale. Percentage, mean, chi-squared and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. RESULTS: It was found that 50.9% of the newborns were female, their mean gestational age was 33.54 ± 3.38, their mean height was 43.56 ± 5.12, and their mean weight was 2139.23 ± 827.82. The total sleep time of the neonates in the facilitated tucking and white noise group increased by 3 h, their sleep efficiency increased by 20% and their mean stress scores decreased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Facilitated tucking and white noise each showed a similar improvement in sleep duration and sleep efficiency and a reduction in stress scores in neonates receiving nasal CPAP. Close monitoring of sleep in this population and supportive care practices are recommended. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The findings of this study may help to reduce sleep problems and stress levels in the clinical care of neonates in the NICU through developmental nursing practices.

Psychosocial conditions of children after liver transplant: Post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety.

AIM: This study aimed to determine psychosocial conditions, post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety of children who underwent a liver transplant. METHOD: This is a relational descriptive study, which was conducted between March 2019 and December 2020 in the Inonu University Liver Transplantation Institute Pediatric Liver Transplant Clinic. The "Child Information Form," "Child Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Index," "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children-Trait Form," and "Children's Depression Inventory" were used to collect data. The study was conducted with 71 children who had a previous liver transplant. RESULTS: Of the participating children, 56.3% were girls, 63.4% continued their primary school education after the transplant, 32.5% were diagnosed with cirrhosis, 39.4% received the transplant in 2017, 32.4% received it from the mother, and 25.4% received it from a cadaveric donor. Although it had been at least 3 years since the transplant, 47.9% exhibited moderate and 43.7% severe post-traumatic stress responses. There was a significant negative relationship between the age of children with a liver transplant and trait anxiety and post-traumatic stress responses (path coefficients ß = -0.268, p = 0.002; ß = -0.166, p = 0.023, respectively). There was a significant positive relationship between anxiety and post-traumatic stress responses of the children after the transplant and there was a statistically significant relationship between the path coefficients (ß = 0.750; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Children who underwent a liver transplant had post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and trait anxiety.

Understanding the impact of natural disasters on children within fist hours and days after an event: A phenomenological study through the experience of nurses.

BACKGROUND: Children are a particularly vulnerable group in natural disasters such as earthquakes, and although they represent a difficult group to research in such situations, there appears to be a lack of literature investigating children's experiences in the immediate post-earthquake period. Experienced nurses can shed light on children's experiences. AIM: This study was conducted to examine the experiences of nurses caring for children affected by the earthquake in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. METHODS: This phenomenological study was conducted with nurses who provided care to children during the Kahramanmaras earthquake between May and August 2023. The study sample consisted of 14 nurses selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews by using the "Introductory Information Form" and "Semi-structured Interview Form" developed by the researchers. The interviews were subsequently analyzed using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: The results revealed five themes under two main themes. Under the main theme of nurse, there are subthemes of chaos, helplessness-incompetence, while under the main theme of child, there are subthemes of unresponsiveness, intertwined needs, empathy, and care. The study also highlights the chaotic environment in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, characterized by a high number of pediatric casualties and psychological trauma, and the nurses' feelings of helplessness as a result of being separated from their families. CONCLUSION: This study found that nurses caring for children in the earthquake had difficulties in managing children's hospital processes and they demonstrated an empathic approach by trying to communicate with the children in their care. The nurses stated that children should be supported psychologically as well as having their basic needs such as water, food, and shelter met. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: Health policymakers should be aware that in the early stages of major disasters such as earthquakes, children are not only physically injured but also have basic needs such as water, shelter, and food, and are emotionally affected. It is recommended that disaster management plans be developed to address all children's needs and nurses be provided with psychological support and training to improve their knowledge and skills.

The effect of therapeutic touch and music rest on sleep parameters in children with liver transplantation.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of therapeutic touch and music rest on the sleep of children with liver transplantation. DESIGN AND METHODS: The data of the study were collected between February 2021 and November 2021. The study was completed with 50 patients included in the therapeutic touch and music rest groups. Therapeutic touch and music practices were applied for three consecutive days, once a day and 20 min. Before and after the practices, the 24-h sleep of the children was evaluated with actigraphy. RESULTS: It was determined that the time in bed, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency of the children in the therapeutic touch group increased after the procedure. On the other hand, it was determined that the time in bed, and total sleep time increased, and the onset latency decreased after the procedure in the children in the music rest group. It was determined that the effects of therapeutic touch and music rest applications on sleep parameters after the procedure were similar. CONCLUSION: It has been determined that therapeutic touch and music rest applications have an improving effect on the sleep of children with liver transplantation. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Music rest and therapeutic touch, which are non-pharmacological methods that do not increase the burden of the liver, can be used by health professionals to support the sleep of children with liver transplantation.

The effect of anxiety and depression levels of children with celiac disease on quality of life.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effect of anxiety and depression levels on quality of life in children with celiac disease. DESIGN AND METHOD: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 98 children diagnosed with celiac disease who applied to the pediatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Eastern Anatolia between September 2021 and August 2022. Data were collected using the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, Depression Scale, and Quality of Life Scale through face-to-face interviews conducted by the researchers. Percentage distribution, mean, independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: It was found that 62% of the participant children were female and their mean age was 11.69 ± 4.15 years. The mean scores of state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression and quality of life of children with celiac disease were 42.46 ± 5.42 (high), 43.83 ± 7.08 (high), 23.37 ± 4.79 (high) and 43.67 ± 19.67 (low), respectively. Regression analysis revealed that anxiety had a statistically significant relationship with quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that children with celiac disease experienced high levels of depression and anxiety along with physical functionality and psychosocial health problems and this negatively affected their quality of life. It is recommended that children with celiac disease should be followed up and supported psychosocially. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: That healthcare professionals can contribute to reducing the depression and axienty and improving the quality of life by strengthening the social support systems of childrens with celiac disease.

Development study of 2-5 age Technology Addiction Scale (TAS).

PURPOSE: Although it is known that technology use increases in early childhood, no measurement tool has been found to examine technology addictions in children in this period. In this study, the development and validation process of the Technology Addiction Scale (TAS), which can be used to evaluate the technology addiction of children 2-5 years, is described. DESIGN: The sample of the study consists of 308 children 2-5 years living in one of the big cities of Turkey. METHODS: Item-total correlation coefficients, Cronbach Alpha reliability analyzes, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses, and normality analyzes were used in the evaluation of the research data. FINDINGS: As a result of the analyzes made, the validity and reliability of the 9-item 2-factor (impulsiveness and implicit attitude) TAS scale have been proven. The Cronbach alpha value of the impulsiveness factor was calculated as 0.865, the Cronbach alpha value of the implicit attitude factor was calculated as 0.840, and the total Cronbach alpha value of the scale was 0.90. These Cronbach alpha values show an acceptable level of reliability. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the validity and reliability analyzes, it can be said that TAS can be used as a reliable scale.

The effect of three different methods applied during peripheral vascular access in prematures on pain and comfort levels.

PURPOSE: This research was carried out to determine the influence of kangaroo care, fetal position, and swaddling on pain and comfort levels in preterm infants during peripheral vascular access. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was conducted as a randomized experimental study with a control group. It included 148 premature infants (kangaroo group = 37, swaddling group = 37, fetal position = 37, control group = 37) of 32-37 weeks of age who had peripheral vascular access in the NICU of a state hospital in eastern Turkey between December 2019 and June 2020. While the infants in the experimental group received kangaroo care, fetal position, and swaddling procedures during and after peripheral vascular access, the infants in the control group received conventional peripheral vascular access without extra intervention. "Newborn Infant Pain Scale (NIPS)" and "Premature Infant Comfort Scale (PICS)" were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using percentile, chi-square and ANOVA tests. RESULTS: Further analysis revealed that the fetal position was the most beneficial intervention for reducing NIPS scores and boosting PICS scores during and after peripheral vascular access in the experimental groups, followed by kangaroo care and lastly swaddling. CONCLUSION: It was discovered that kangaroo care, fetal position, and swaddling were useful in lowering discomfort and boosting comfort levels in premature infants during and after peripheral vascular access. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Kangaroo care, fetal position and swaddling methods can be used in clinical practice in order to reduce the pain level and increase the comfort level during and after peripheral vascular access in prematures.

The effect of perceived social support on the psychosocial status of parents whose child had liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe parental psychosocial outcomes following paediatric liver transplantation and the relationship between parental psychosocial outcomes and social support. METHOD: This is a correlational, descriptive study conducted between April 2021 and October 2021 in the paediatric hepatology polyclinics of the liver transplantation institute of a university hospital. The SPSS 25 and AMOS 23 package programmes were used to perform data analyses. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed that the parents' social support level was low (44.6 ± 14.8), while their levels of trait anxiety (51.5 ± 4.8) and loneliness (48.5 ± 5.4) were high, and their depression level was moderate (26.4 ± 5.8). Established structural equation modelling demonstrated that the social support parents received had a significant effect on their levels of loneliness (ß = -0.88; p < 0.001), trait anxiety (ß = -0.37; p < 0.001), and depression (ß = -0.44; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that in parents of children who have had a liver transplant, increased levels of perceived social support result in decreased levels of anxiety, loneliness, and depression. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The authors recommend that healthcare professionals can contribute to reducing the anxiety, loneliness and depression in parents of paediatric liver transplant recipients by strengthening their social support systems.

The relationship between the care burden and quality of life of parents who have children with hematological problems and their perceived social support.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationship of the caregiver burden, perceived social support, and quality of life of parents who have children with hematological problems. DESIGN AND METHODS: The design and methods included a descriptive study with 141 parents of children with hematological problems. The introductory information form, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), and the EUROHIS-QOL.8 (WHOQOL-8) scale were used as data collection tools. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation models. RESULTS: As a result of the conducted correlation analysis, it was determined that there was a positive correlation between parents' perceptions of social support and their quality of life, and a negative correlation between their perceptions of social support and the caregiver burden (p < 0.05). As a result of the structural equation model, it was determined that the social support received by the parents had a significant effect on their caregiver burden (ß = -0.40; p < 0.05), and their quality of life (ß = 0.42; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The conclusion formed was that it can be said that parents' perceptions of social support affect their caregiver burden and quality of life. Parents with high perceptions of social support perceive the burden of caregiver to be low and their quality of life to be high. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The practice implications are that healthcare professionals can contribute to reducing the caregiver burden and improving the quality of life of parents, by strengthening the social support systems of parents with sick children.

The effect of Neurolinguistic Programming practices on organizational citizenship behaviour of nurses: A randomized controlled study.

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Neurolinguistic Programming practices on organizational citizenship behavior in nursing. BACKGROUND: Neurolinguistic Programming practices are used for different purposes in many areas, and they can also be used to contribute to the acquisition of organizational citizenship behaviour. METHODS: The research is a randomized controlled trial. The sample of the study consisted of 180 nurses. The data of the study were collected through structured face-to-face interviews conducted with the nurses in the sample group, Neurolinguistic Programming training group, standard training and control groups between January and April 2020 after Neurolinguistic Programming training was received by the researcher. The Chi-squared test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the collected data. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found in the total score of the organizational citizenship behaviour in the Neurolinguistic Programming training group compared with the standard training group and the control group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of Neurolinguistic Programming practices can be an effective method for nurses to gain organizational citizenship behaviour. Neurolinguistic Programming practices can be used to achieve the desired goals, especially for the acquisition of informing and participation, tolerance and conscientiousness behaviours. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Organizational citizenship behaviour exhibited by employees is very important for organisations. With this behaviour, nurses can improve all processes, from the quality of care services they provide to patients, to satisfaction. Findings of this study may be used to increase work satisfaction of nurses and to improve the quality of services received by patients.

A Comparison of Two Different Tactile Stimulus Methods on Reducing Pain of Children During Intramuscular Injection: A Randomized Controlled Study.

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric patients in the emergency department often require intramuscular injection procedures, which may lead to pain, fear, and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to test a novel nonpharmacological intervention to reduce needle-related pain in the pediatric emergency department. METHODS: The study was conducted as a parallel-group, randomized controlled design. The study population consisted of 159 children aged 7 to 10 years cared for in the emergency department who received an intramuscular injection of ampicillin/sulbactam. The children were randomly assigned to Palm Stimulator, ShotBlocker, or control groups. The children's preprocedure fear levels were evaluated using the Children's Fear Scale, and their perceived pain levels during the procedure were evaluated using the Faces Pain Scale-Revised and Visual Analog Scale. Parents and observers also completed the pain level scores. RESULTS: According to all raters (child, parent, and observer), the Palm Stimulator group had the lowest mean Faces Pain Scale-Revised score averages (P < .001). The Visual Analog Scale score averages of the children in the Palm Stimulator group (Visual Analog Scale: M = 27.94, standard deviation = 19.13) were statistically significantly lower than the ShotBlocker (Visual Analog Scale: M = 46.07, standard deviation = 24.96) and control group (Visual Analog Scale: M = 53.43, standard deviation = 29.01) score averages (F = 14.94, η2 = 0.16, P = .001). DISCUSSION: The results of this study support the effectiveness of the Palm Stimulator to reduce perceived pain in children during intramuscular injection administration in the pediatric emergency department.

The effect of online solution-focused support program on parents with high level of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomised controlled study.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the anxiety levels of parents with children aged 3-6 years because of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to examine the effects of Solution-Focused Support Program (SFSP) applied to parents with a high level of anxiety. METHODS: The study was conducted as a parallel-group, randomised controlled design. The sample of the study consisted of 77 parents who were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (control group n = 40; intervention group n = 37). One session of online SFSP was applied to the intervention group each week and 4 sessions were applied in total. No intervention was applied to the control group. The data were collected using introductory information form and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) programme and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) 23 application were used in the analysis of the data. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine a hypothesised model that SFSP has both direct and indirect effects on the anxiety levels of parents. RESULTS: The state and trait anxiety mean scores of the intervention group decreased compared with the pre-intervention mean scores after the implemented programme. While this difference between state anxiety scores was statistically significant (P ≤ .001), the difference between trait anxiety scores was not statistically significant (P > .05). There was no statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test STAI total scores of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: In the study, it has been found that SFSP applied to parents with a high level of anxiety is an effective method in reducing the state anxiety levels of parents.

Behaviours and experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A mixed methods study.

AIM: The aim of this work is to present behaviours and experiences of nurses in Turkey during the current coronavirus pandemic. BACKGROUND: The coronavirus pandemic leads to difficulties for most health care workers, especially for nurses who mostly accompany patients and are on the front line. METHODS: In the study, a parallel mixed pattern converging quantitative and qualitative research methods was used. RESULTS: The model revealed that 41 years old or older, diabetic, female, single professionals, working in the pandemic department took more personal measures. Five main themes appeared regarding the experiences of the nurses during the pandemic period: (1) psychological and mental strain; (2) personal protective equipment; (3) organizational, physical, and social strains; (4) change in professional values; (5) turning the crisis into an opportunity. CONCLUSIONS: Personal measures are associated with the risk status. There is a need to protect nurses with significant measures by providing psychosocial support, meeting their basic needs, and preventing all complications likely to occur due to increasing workload. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: More efforts should be made to ensure good work, fair treatment, no tolerance for discrimination, and equal compensation conditions.

The Effects of a Therapeutic Play/Play Therapy Program on the Fear and Anxiety Levels of Hospitalized Children After Liver Transplantation.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to analyze the effects of a therapeutic play/play therapy (TP/PT) program on anxiety levels and fear of medical procedures in children with liver transplant. DESIGN: The study had a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. METHODS: Sixty-five children aged between 6 and 12 years were included in this study. A children's information form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, and the Medical Procedure Fear Scale were used for data collection. FINDINGS: The application of the TP/PT program resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the children's anxiety levels and fears about medical procedures (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: The TP/PT program had a positive effect on the children's fear and anxiety levels regarding certain medical procedures. Pediatric nurses can use the TP/PT program to reduce children's anxiety and fears about medical procedures.

Difficulties Experienced by Turkish Parents and Their Coping Strategies: Children With Mucopolysaccharidosis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the parents' lived experiences whose children have Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) by using Husserl's phenomenology. DESIGN AND METHODS: A phenomenology method was used as a qualitative research design in the study. The study included parents of 10 children who received weekly enzyme replacement therapy at a university hospital's paediatric endocrinology clinic. The data were collected using an in-depth interview method including an introductory information form and a semi-structured interview form. The interviews were recorded on a voice recorder and converted into written documents after the interview. RESULTS: The average age of the children was 8.8 ± 1.8; the average age of the mothers was 32.6 ± 3.6; and the average age of the fathers was 36.0 ± 3.5. The data analysis identified the following three main themes: (1) difficulties, (2) concerns, and (3) coping. CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that parents of children with an MPS diagnosis had many difficulties related to multi-systemic problems (orthopaedic problems, vision and hearing problems, speech disorders, cardiac problems) caused by the disease. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Parents should receive support from healthcare professionals to develop coping strategies that are appropriate for the physical and psychological difficulties experienced and to comply with the disease.

Mental Health Problems of Syrian Refugee Children: Post-Traumatic Stress, Depression and Anxiety.

PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the levels of post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety in Syrian children who live in refugee camps. DESIGNS AND METHODS: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted using the Child Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Index (CPTS-RI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children-Trait Form (STAIC-Trait Form) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The study sample included 1115 Syrian refugee children. RESULTS: The mean age of refugee children was 10.53 ±â€¯2.79 years. Of them, 52% were males and 38% had no diseases while 74% were smokers and smoked 8.39 ±â€¯6.85 cigarettes per day. The children's mean score on CPTS-RI, STAIC-Trait Form and CDI was found to be 60.59 ±â€¯14.50, 54.11 ±â€¯14.55 and 47.57 ±â€¯10.97, respectively. The regression analysis revealed that anxiety and depression had a statistically significant association with post-traumatic stress. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings revealed that refugee children have physical and psychosocial health problems and experience a high level of post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: In this context, the study recommends that nursing practices should be developed considering that children may have mental health problems due to war.

Reducing Children's Pain and Parents' Anxiety in the Postoperative Period: A Therapeutic Model in Turkish Sample.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the effect of a new therapeutic model (a therapeutic play/play therapy (TP/PT) program) on alleviating pain in children receiving inpatient treatment in paediatric surgery units and parents' anxiety levels in the post-operative period. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was designed as a semi-experimental model using the TP/PT program. Four measurements (pre-test, two interim tests and post-test) for children and two measurements (pre-test and post-test) for parents were performed. The data were collected using the Child and Parent Information Form, the Wong-Baker Faces Pain (WBFP) Rating Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). RESULTS: The mean pain score for children after TP/PT decreased in each measurement, and a significant difference was found between these measurements. The mean state anxiety score for parents significantly decreased after the TP/PT program, and a statistically significant difference was found between these measurements (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that the post-operative TP/PT program was an effective method to reduce acute post-operative pain in children. Parental anxiety levels were found to correlate with levels of pre- and post-operative pain in children. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The findings of this study provide a basis for using a new therapeutic model that is easy to apply and effective for reducing children's pain and parents' anxiety.

Comparison of Quality of Life and Caregiving Burden of 2- to 4-Year-Old Children Post Liver Transplant and Their Parents.

A literature search determined there are no studies on children between 2 and 4 years of age who have had a liver transplant and their parents. For this reason, this study aimed to compare the quality of life of children between 2 and 4 years of age who have had a liver transplant, and the caregiving burden of their parents. The study was carried out as a descriptive cross-sectional study on 47 children who visited Inonu University Liver Transplant Institute outpatient clinic between March 2017 and March 2018. This study found that 59.6% of the children with transplants were male and 38.3% had their organ donated by their mother. There was a positive relationship between the quality of life of the parents and the quality of life and subdimensions of the children. There was a negative relationship between parental quality of life and care burden. This study found that the quality of life of children with liver transplants and their parents was low and, as the quality of life of children was impaired, the caregiving burden of parents increased. Healthcare professionals' awareness of the effect of caregivers' care load on quality of life after liver transplantation can positively affect the healing process.

A Comparison of Caregiving Burden and Social Support Levels of Parents of Children Undergoing Liver Transplant.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare caregiving burden and social support levels of parents of children who have undergone a liver transplant. DESIGNS AND METHODS: This study utilized a descriptive, cross-sectional research design. Data were collected using a parent information form, the Zarit Burden Interview, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Data were collected via face-to-face interview after written consent was obtained from the parents of children who had received a liver transplant. RESULTS: Parent participants were found to have a high caregiving burden and low levels of social support from their surroundings. Parents who experienced change in their work life, social and family relationships, and had economic problems post-transplant, had a higher caregiving burden and may have lower social support. Parents whose children had a transplant from a cadaveric donor and continued to attend school were found to have a lower caregiving burden. There was a negative correlation between parent caregiving burden and social support scores; that is, caregiving burden (R2 = 0.57, p < 0.01) was significantly affected by social support (B = -0.682, ß = -0.757). CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that parents receiving social support may have a lower caregiving burden, and some of their socio-demographic characteristics may have a positive effect on social support and caregiving burden. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Health professionals need to pay special attention to the social support and caregiving burden of parents whose children have had an organ transplant.

Comparison of two different Nasal Interfaces used in Non-Invasive Respiratory support in terms of Neonate comfort.

Background: Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) is the first choice approach in neonates with sufficient respiratory effort that require respiratory support. The type of nasal interface used in NIV affects both efficacy and patient comfort. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different nasal interfaces used in NIV support on neonatal patient comfort. Methods: Our study evaluated patients who received NIV support for 24 hours. The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the type of nasal interface used, which were RAM cannula and short binasal prong (SBP). The patients' demographic and clinical data were noted. Their sleep was monitored for 24 hours with an actigraphy device. Results: A total of 82 patients were evaluated. The sleep efficiency in the RAM cannula group was significantly higher (respectively, 65.7% [10.22-95.25] vs. 57.81% [2.49-77], p=0.004). Although not statistically significant, the neonates in the RAM cannula group exhibited longer total sleep time (respectively, 10.4 ± 4.28 hours vs. 9.02 ± 3.73 hours, p=0.161). Comparison of heart rates and respiratory rates indicate that the patients in the RAM cannula group were more comfortable. Conclusions: Our study found that infants who received NIV support through a RAM cannula experienced more efficient sleep. Holistic approaches in neonatal intensive care units are vital for better neurodevelopmental outcomes in newborns. Although non-invasive, the interface used in NIV should also be a part of this holistic approach.