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BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoid modulatory element-binding protein 1 (GMEB1), which has been identified as a transcription factor, is a protein widely expressed in various tissues. Reportedly, the dysregulation of GMEB1 is linked to the genesis and development of multiple cancers. AIM: To explore GMEB1's biological functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and figuring out the molecular mechanism. METHODS: GMEB1 expression in HCC tissues was analyzed employing the StarBase database. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were conducted to examine GMEB1 and Yes-associate protein 1 (YAP1) expression in HCC cells and tissues. Cell counting kit-8 assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry were utilized to examine HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, respectively. The JASPAR database was employed for predicting the binding site of GMEB1 with YAP1 promoter. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR were conducted to verify the binding relationship of GMEB1 with YAP1 promoter region. RESULTS: GMEB1 was up-regulated in HCC cells and tissues, and GMEB1 expression was correlated to the tumor size and TNM stage of HCC patients. GMEB1 overexpression facilitated HCC cell multiplication, migration, and invasion, and suppressed the apoptosis, whereas GMEB1 knockdown had the opposite effects. GMEB1 bound to YAP1 promoter region and positively regulated YAP1 expression in HCC cells. CONCLUSION: GMEB1 facilitates HCC malignant proliferation and metastasis by promoting the transcription of the YAP1 promoter region.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment as the preoperative management of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 225 patients with definite Type I CSP were treated with suction curettage under hysteroscopic guidance. Among them, 103 patients chose HIFU treatment before hysteroscopy (assign to the HIFU group), and the other 122 patients without any pretreatment before hysteroscopy to the control group. The successful rate, volume of intraoperative blood loss, time for serum ß-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) level returned to normal, gestational sac disappeared, normal menstrual recovery, and adverse effects were collected and analyzed to compare the two approaches. RESULTS: The successful rate (98.06%) in the HIFU group was higher than that (91.80%) in the contrast group. The median ablation time was 39 min and the median HIFU sonication time was 106.6 s. The median volume of intraoperative blood loss in the HIFU group was lower than that in the contrast group (P < 0.001), and the median time of gestational sac disappeared in the HIFU group was shorter than that in the contrast group. There were no statistically significant differences in the time of serum ß-hCG returned to normal and days of menstrual recovery between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, it appears that HIFU ablation is a safe and effective modality as pre-treatment before hysteroscopy in the management of CSP.