A survey on Helicobacter pylori infection rate in Hainan Province and analysis of related risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to understand the prevalence and potential risk factors of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Hainan Province, China. METHODS: We conducted this study in 21 health service stations in 5 cities of Hainan Province from August 2022 to April 2023. We selected the various participants based on a stratified whole-group sampling method. The 14C-UBT was used to analyze H. pylori infection in 3632 participants. We also analyzed the possible relationship between variables and H. pylori infection based on chi-square test and multifactorial logistic regression. The model was evaluated by performing a Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and plotting receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves. RESULTS: In total, the results of 3632 eligible participants (age: 14 to 93 years) were included in the analysis. The total prevalence of H. pylori infection in Hainan Province was approximately 38.7%. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found to increase with age, stabilized in the age group of 45 to 64 years, but peaked in the age group of 65 years and older. In multifactorial analysis, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was positively associated with middle-aged adults (45-64 years), older adults (≥ 65 years), drinking, farmers, natural labor, routinely share utensils, have habit of frequent betel nut consumption, upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and family history of gastric cancer. The factors negatively associated with prevalence included family size ≤ 3, washing hands often before meals, frequent exercise, regular meals, and frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables. In addition, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a good fit (χ2 = 12.983, P = 0.112) and the area under ROC was 0.631 (95%CI: 0.613 ~ 0.649). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Hainan Province was observed to be moderate and closely related to age, local socioeconomic conditions, hygienic status and dietary habits.

GINS Complex Subunit 2 Facilitates Gastric Adenocarcinoma Proliferation and Indicates Poor Prognosis.

Gastric cancer is the one of the most lethal malignancies of digestive system. Identifying molecular biomarkers is invaluable in help predicting clinical outcomes and developing targeted chemotherapies. GINS complex subunit 2 (GINS2) plays an essential role in the initiation and elongation of DNA replication. Although there have been studies revealing the prognostic significance of GINS2 in breast cancer and lung cancer, its involvement and function in gastric cancer need to be elucidated. We retrospectively enrolled a cohort of gastric adenocarcinoma patients after surgical resection (n = 123). By analyzing the mRNA and protein levels of GINS2 in tissue samples, we found that GINS2 presented a higher expression in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal stomach tissues. Besides, GINS2 level was positively correlated with tumor size and gastric adenocarcinoma tumor stage, implying its potential role as a tumor promoter. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified that patients with lower GINS2 showed a better overall survival compared to those with higher GINS2 expression. In addition, cellular and xenograft experiments confirmed the role of GINS2 in facilitating tumor proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the initial finding on GINS2 in promoting gastric adenocarcinoma progression. In conclusion, our study revealed a pro-oncogenic role of GINS2 in gastric cancer.

Variations and Interseasonal Changes in the Gut Microbial Communities of Seven Wild Fish Species in a Natural Lake with Limited Water Exchange during the Closed Fishing Season.

The gut microbiota of fish is crucial for their growth, development, nutrient uptake, physiological balance, and disease resistance. Yet our knowledge of these microbial communities in wild fish populations in their natural ecosystems is insufficient. This study systematically examined the gut microbial communities of seven wild fish species in Chaohu Lake, a fishing-restricted area with minimal water turnover, across four seasons. We found significant variations in gut microbial community structures among species. Additionally, we observed significant seasonal and regional variations in the gut microbial communities. The Chaohu Lake fish gut microbial communities were predominantly composed of the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria(Gamma), Proteobacteria(Alpha), Actinobacteriota, and Cyanobacteria. At the genus level, Aeromonas, Cetobacterium, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Romboutsia, and Pseudomonas emerged as the most prevalent. A co-occurrence network analysis revealed that C. auratus, C. carpio, and C. brachygnathus possessed more complex and robust gut microbial networks than H. molitrix, C. alburnus, C. ectenes taihuensis, and A. nobilis. Certain microbial groups, such as Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Romboutsia, and Pseudomonas, were both dominant and keystone in the fish gut microbial network. Our study offers a new approach for studying the wild fish gut microbiota in natural, controlled environments. It offers an in-depth understanding of gut microbial communities in wild fish living in stable, limited water exchange natural environments.

Application of fecal immunochemical test in colorectal cancer screening: A community-based, cross-sectional study in average-risk individuals in Hainan.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China is steadily rising, with a high proportion of advanced-stage diagnoses. This highlights the significance of early detection and prevention measures to enhance survival rates. Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is a globally recommended CRC screening method; however, limited research has been conducted on its application in Hainan. AIM: To assess the efficacy and adherence of FIT screening among average-risk individuals in Hainan, while also examining the risk factors associated with positive FIT results. METHODS: This population-based cross-sectional study implemented FIT screening for CRC in 2000 asymptomatic participants aged 40-75 years from five cities and 21 community health centers in Hainan Province. The study was conducted from August 2022 to April 2023, employing a stratified sampling method to select participants. Individuals with positive FIT results subsequently underwent colonoscopy. Positive predictive values for confirmed CRC and advanced adenoma were calculated, and the relationship between relevant variables and positive FIT results was analyzed using χ 2 tests and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1788 participants completed the FIT screening, with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range: 40-75). Among them, 503 (28.1%) were males, and 1285 (71.9%) were females, resulting in an 89.4% compliance rate for FIT screening. The overall positivity rate of FIT was 4.4% [79 out of 1788; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3%-5%]. The specific positivity rates for Haikou, Sanya, Orient City, Qionghai City, and Wuzhishan City were 9.6% (45 of 468; 95%CI: 8%-11%), 1.3% (6 of 445; 95%CI: 0.1%-3.1%), 2.7% (8 of 293; 95%CI: 1.2%-4.3%), 3.3% (9 of 276; 95%CI: 1.0%-6.3%), and 4.2% (11 of 406; 95%CI: 1.2%-7.3%), respectively. Significant associations were found between age, dietary habits, and positive FIT results. Out of the 79 participants with positive FIT results, 55 underwent colonoscopy, demonstrating an 82.2% compliance rate. Among them, 10 had a clean gastrointestinal tract, 43 had polyps or adenomas, and 2 were confirmed to have CRC, yielding a positive predictive value of 3.6% (95%CI: 0.9%-4.2%). Among the 43 participants with polyps or adenomas, 8 were diagnosed with advanced adenomas, resulting in an advanced adenoma rate of 14.5% (95%CI: 10.1%-17.7%). CONCLUSION: In the Hainan region, FIT screening for CRC among asymptomatic individuals at average risk is feasible and well-received.

Changes of In Situ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Communities in the Upper Sanya River to the Sea over a Nine-Hour Period.

The transition areas of riverine, estuarine, and marine environments are particularly valuable for the research of microbial ecology, biogeochemical processes, and other physical-chemical studies. Although a large number of microbial-related studies have been conducted within such systems, the vast majority of sampling have been conducted over a large span of time and distance, which may lead to separate batches of samples receiving interference from different factors, thus increasing or decreasing the variability between samples to some extent. In this study, a new in situ filtration system was used to collect membrane samples from six different sampling sites along the Sanya River, from upstream freshwater to the sea, over a nine-hour period. We used high-throughput sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes to analyze the diversity and composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. The results showed that the structures of these communities varied according to the different sampling sites. The α-diversity of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities both decreased gradually along the downstream course. The structural composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities changed continuously with the direction of river flow; for example, the relative abundances of Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae increased with distance downstream, while Sporichthyaceae and Comamonadaceae decreased. Some prokaryotic taxa, such as Phycisphaeraceae and Chromobacteriaceae, were present nearly exclusively in pure freshwater environments, while some additional prokaryotic taxa, including the SAR86 clade, Clade I, AEGEAN-169 marine group, and Actinomarinaceae, were barely present in pure freshwater environments. The eukaryotic communities were mainly composed of the Chlorellales X, Chlamydomonadales X, Sphaeropleales X, Trebouxiophyceae XX, Annelida XX, and Heteroconchia. The prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities were split into abundant, common, and rare communities for NCM analysis, respectively, and the results showed that assembly of the rare community assembly was more impacted by stochastic processes and less restricted by species dispersal than that of abundant and common microbial communities for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Overall, this study provides a valuable reference and new perspectives on microbial ecology during the transition from freshwater rivers to estuaries and the sea.

Using nomograms to predict prognostic factors in young colorectal mucinous and signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma patients.

Due to insufficient quantitative evaluation of the clinic-pathological features and prognosis of young colorectal cancer (CRC) with mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) and signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRC), the aim of our study was to develop a nomogram to identify the prognostic predictors for overall survival (OS) in this patient population. We retrospectively evaluated the patient records of MAC and SRC patients aged ≤ 40 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank testing were performed to estimate OS. A nomogram predicting OS was created for risk quantitation and decision tree analysis was performed for patient grouping. With a median follow-up of 36.5 months, we included a total of 90 young CRC patients for analysis. The overall cumulate 5-year OS rate was 57.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 45.1-68.5%). The estimated 5-year OS was 62.9% (95% CI: 48.5-74.3%) for MAC and 37.3% (95% CI: 14.4-61.2%) for SRC (P=0.021). The recurrence rate was significantly greater in the SRC group compared with the mucinous group (52.4 compared with 26.1%, P=0.047). In the multivariate Cox regression model, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) were found to be an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio (HR): 2.43; 95% CI: 1.13-5.62, P=0.024; HR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.083-0.57, P=0.002, respectively). Nomograms predicting 3- and 5-year OS were established that performed well (concordance index (c-indexes) of 0.636, 95% CI: 0.549-723) for OS. For MAC and SRC disease, a greater proportion of young patients present with advanced disease, and the prognosis for young SRC patients is poorer than MAC. Furthermore, preoperative CEA levels and cycles of adjuvant CT seem to independently affect the OS in this patient population.

Correlation of serum leptin levels with anthropometric and metabolic parameters and biochemical liver function in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

AIM: To determine serum leptin levels and investigate their correlations with anthropometric and metabolic parameters and biochemical liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and their potential clinical implications. METHODS: Forty-two chronic HCV-infected patients without anti-viral treatment were enrolled in this study, 30 patients had chronic hepatitis C, 10 had cirrhosis, and 2 had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thirty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as controls. Serum leptin levels were determined by ELISA. The biochemical liver function and serum lipids were determined at the same time. The height and body weight of patients and controls were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and body fat were calculated simultaneously. The correlations of serum leptin levels with anthropometric and metabolic parameters and biochemical liver function were assessed statistically. RESULTS: The mean of serum leptin levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C, HCV-associated cirrhosis, HCV-associated HCC and control groups was (6.13+/-3.94), (5.25+/-4.21), (4.17+/-0.28), and (3.59+/-3.44) ng/mL, respectively. The serum leptin level in patients with chronic hepatitis C was significantly higher than that in controls. The serum leptin levels between cirrhotic patients and controls and between male and female cirrhotic patients had no significant difference. Serum leptin levels were positively-correlated with body fat, BMI, and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in patients with chronic HCV infection. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were closely-correlated with BMI in patients with chronic hepatitis C. CONCLUSION: HCV infection interferes with fat and lipid metabolism in patients with chronic HCV infection and leptin may play a role in hepatosteatosis.

Expression of serum Dickkopf-1 in gastric cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression and clinical significance of DKK-1 protein in patients with gastric cancers. METHODS: Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay was used to detect expressions of serum DKK-1 protein in 90 cases of gastric cancers, 50 cases of gastric benign disease and 40 healthy cases. The dynamic change in serum DKK-1 protein of gastric cancer patients who accepted radical operation for a month was also observed. RESULTS: The expression of serum DKK-1 protein in gastric cancer groups was significantly higher than that in gastric benign group's (P < 0.01) and in health control (P < 0.01). Serum DKK-1 level was increased gradually along with the progress of the disease. Serum DKK-1 levels were significantly higher in patients at TNM staging III and IV than patients at TNM staging I and II. Level of serum DKK-1 was related to microvascular invasion, differentiation degree and infiltration depth. Level of serum DKK-1 was significantly reduced in patients after radical surgery (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of serum DKK-1 protein in gastric cancer patients is increased. Level of serum DKK-1 is related to TNM staging, microvascular invasion, differentiation degree and infiltration depth. DKK-1 detection can be used as a reference index in monitoring gastric cancer progress and biological behavior.