RESUMEN
ZLDI-8 is an A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) inhibitor that suppresses the shedding of Notch1 to the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD). In previous studies, we found that ZLDI-8 was able to sensitize HCC to sorafenib, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. The sensitizing effects of ZLDI-8 were tested both in vitro and in vivo. EMT-related factors, sorafenib sensitivity-related proteins and ECM-related gene expression were assessed using immunohistochemistry, RTPCR and Western blotting. Knockdown assays were conducted to determine the relationship between the Notch and Integrin pathways. CoIP assays, nuclear and cytoplasmic fractionation and immunofluorescence colocalization were applied to explore the interaction between the Notch and Integrin pathways. Appropriate statistical analysis methods were used to assess the significance of the experimental results and to ensure the scientific validity and reliability of the experimental design. We found that ECM- and EMT-related proteins were downregulated after ZLDI-8 treatment (P<0.05). ZLDI-8 significantly downregulated Integrinß1 and Integrinß3 in HCC in vitro and in vivo (P<0.05), possibly through Foxc2-dependent regulation. Mechanistically, interfering with the expression of both Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and the NICD may downregulate the expression of proteins targeted by sorafenib, thereby sensitizing cells to sorafenib. The retroregulation of Integrinß by ILK may occur through the interaction between the NICD and ILK and may be the result of the translocation of the complexus. Our study indicates that blocking the Notch pathway may affect Integrinß through crosstalk between the Notch1 and Integrinß/ILK signaling pathways, thus providing a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Asunto(s)
Proteína ADAM17 , Antineoplásicos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Receptor Notch1 , Sorafenib , Sorafenib/farmacología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Humanos , Animales , Receptor Notch1/metabolismo , Receptor Notch1/genética , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteína ADAM17/metabolismo , Proteína ADAM17/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ratones Desnudos , Masculino , Cadenas beta de Integrinas/metabolismo , Cadenas beta de Integrinas/genética , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efectos de los fármacos , RatonesRESUMEN
Tumor angiogenesis is closely associated with the metastasis and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a highly vascularized solid tumor. However, novel therapeutics are lacking for the treatment of this cancer. Here, we developed a series of 2-aryl-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoyl)-5-substituted-1,2,3-triazol analogs (6a-6x) as tubulin colchicine-binding site inhibitors, aiming to find a novel promising drug candidate for NSCLC treatment. We first identified 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-5-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole (6h) as a hit compound, which inhibited angiogenesis induced by NSCLC cells both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, our data showed that 6h could tightly bind to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin and inhibit tubulin polymerization. We also found that 6h could effectively induce G2/M cell cycle arrest of A549 and H460 cells, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis. Furthermore, we showed 6h had the potential to inhibit the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells, two basic characteristics of tumor metastasis. Finally, we found 6h could effectively inhibit tumor progression in A549 xenograft mouse models with minimal toxicity. Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence for the development of 6h as a promising microtubule colchicine-binding site inhibitor for NSCLC treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Colchicina/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Ratones , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacología , Moduladores de Tubulina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
A series of new tubulin inhibitors containing chalcogen bonds have been discovered. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis of the O-C-C-S torsion profile shows a preference of 0.8 kcal/mol for the syn-conformer over the anti-conformer. Besides, the O-S natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis reveals that the OLP â¼ C-SBD∗ energy potential is 0.62 kcal/mol. Further pharmacochemical screening of several series of (4-arylthiophen-2-yl)(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanones identified IPO-10 as a highly effective tubulin inhibitor with an IC50 of 23 nm for MCF-7.
Asunto(s)
Calcógenos , Calcógenos/química , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the impediments in the clinical treatment of breast cancer, and MDR breast cancer has abnormally high breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) expression. However, there are currently no clinical drugs that inhibit this target. Our previous study found that 2-Methoxy-5((3,4,5-trimethosyphenyl)seleninyl) phenol (SQ0814061/SQ), a small molecule drug with low toxicity to normal tissues, could target microtubules, inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer, and reduce its migration and invasion abilities. However, the effect and the underlying mechanism of SQ on MDR breast cancers are still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of SQ on adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/ADR) cells and explored the underlying mechanism. The MTT assay showed that SQ had potent cytotoxicity to MCF-7/ADR cells. In particular, the results of western blot and flow cytometry proved that SQ could effectively inhibit the expression of BCRP in MCF-7/ADR cells to decrease its drug delivery activity. In addition, SQ could block the cell cycle at G2/M phase in parental and MCF-7/ADR cells, thereby mediating cell apoptosis, which was related with the inhibition of PI3K-Akt-MDM2 pathway. Taken together, our findings indicate that SQ overcomes multidrug resistance in MCF-7/ADR cells by inhibiting BCRP function and mediating apoptosis through PI3K-Akt-MDM2 pathway inhibition.
Asunto(s)
Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Microtúbulos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inhibidores , Compuestos de Organoselenio/farmacología , Moduladores de Tubulina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
A series of new colchicine glycoconjugates as tubulin polymerization inhibitors were designed by targeting strategy based on Warburg effect. All of the colchicine glycoconjugates were synthesized and then evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against three human cancer lines HT-29, MCF-7 and Hep-3B. Among them, 1e exhibited greater than 10 times selectivity between GLUT1 highly expressed cells (HT-29 and MCF-7) and GLUT1 lowly expressed cells (Hep-3B), and also showed lower cytotoxicity against HUVECs compared with colchicine. Moreover, 1e significantly inhibited tubulin polymerization and disrupted microtubule networks. GLUT1 inhibitor-dependent cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that the uptake of 1e was regulated via GLUT1. Molecular docking studies showed that 1e could be a substrate of GLUT1 and bind to the colchicine site of tubulin.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Colchicina/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Glicoconjugados/farmacología , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacología , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colchicina/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Glicoconjugados/síntesis química , Glicoconjugados/química , Humanos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Polimerizacion/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntesis química , Moduladores de Tubulina/químicaRESUMEN
Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignancies and needs novel and effective chemotherapy. In this study, our purpose is to explore the anticancer effects of 2-methoxy-5((3,4,5-trimethosyphenyl) seleninyl) phenol (SQ) on human NSCLC (A549 and H460) cells. We found that SQ suppressed the proliferation of NSCLC cells in time- and dose-dependent manners, and blocked the cells at G2/M phase, which was relevant to microtubule depolymerization. Additionally, SQ induced A549 and H460 cell apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Further, we demonstrated that SQ enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pretreatment with N-acetyl- L-cysteine (NAC) attenuated SQ-induced cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, SQ mediated-ROS generation caused DNA damage in A549 and H460 cells. Our data also revealed that SQ-induced apoptosis was correlated with the inhibition of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) in A549 and H460 cells. In summary, our research indicates that the novel compound SQ has great potential for therapeutic treatment of NSCLC in future.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2 , Animales , Apoptosis , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Ratones , Fenol/farmacología , Fenol/uso terapéutico , Fenoles/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Chemical drug design based on the biochemical characteristics of cancer cells has become an important strategy for discovering new anti-tumour drugs to improve tumour targeting effects and reduce off-target toxicities. Colchicine is one of the most prominent and historically microtubule-targeting drugs, but its clinical applications are hindered by notorious adverse effects. In this study, we presented a novel tumour-specific conjugate 9 that consists of deacetylcolchicine (Deac), biotin, and a cleavable disulphide linker. 9 was found to exhibit potent anti-tumour activity and exerted higher selectivity between tumour and nontarget cells than Deac. The targeting moiety biotin might enhance the transport capability and selectivity of 9 to tumour cells via biotin receptor-mediated endocytosis. The tubulin polymerisation activity of 9 (with DTT) was close to the parent drug Deac. These preliminary results suggested that 9 is a high potency and reduced toxicity antitumor agent and worthy of further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Colchicina/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Biotina/química , Biotina/farmacología , Biotinilación , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Colchicina/síntesis química , Colchicina/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Polimerizacion/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntesis química , Moduladores de Tubulina/químicaRESUMEN
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered one of the most common primary liver cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality around the world annually. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel drugs for HCC therapy. We synthesized a novel 4-substituted-methoxybenzoyl-aryl-thiazole (SMART) analog, (5-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) methanone (W436), with higher solubility, stability, and antitumor activity than SMART against HCC cells in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which W436 inhibited cell growth in HCC cells. We observed that W436 inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and Hep3B cells in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, the anticancer activity of W436 against HCC cells was even higher than that of SMART in vivo. In addition, the antiproliferative effects of W436 on HCC cells were associated with G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the activation of reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. W436 also induced protective autophagy by inhibiting the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. At the same time, W436 treatment inhibited the cell adhesion and invasion as well as the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition Taken together, our results showed that W436 had the promising potential for the therapeutic treatment of HCC with improved solubility, stability, and bioavailability.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Puntos de Control de la Fase M del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologíaRESUMEN
Two series of 2,7-diaryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as tubulin polymerization inhibitors were designed to restrict bioactive configuration of (E,Z)-vinylogous CA-4. All of the target compounds were synthesized and then evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, SGC-7901 and A549). Among them, 6d exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 with IC50 value of 0.047 µM. Moreover, 6d significantly inhibited tubulin polymerization, disrupted microtubule networks, arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase, induced apoptosis and hindered cancer cell migration. Colchicine competition assay and molecular docking studies suggested that 6d could interact with tubulin by binding to the colchicine site.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Pirroles/farmacología , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacología , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Polimerizacion/efectos de los fármacos , Pirroles/química , Pirroles/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntesis química , Moduladores de Tubulina/químicaRESUMEN
Hereby, we report our efforts on discovery and optimization of a new series of 5-aryl-4-(4-arylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazoles as new microtubule-destabilizing agents along our previous study. Guided by docking model analysis, we introduced the 1,2,3-thiadiazole moiety containing the hydrogen-bond acceptors as B-ring of XRP44X analogues. Extensive structure modifications were performed to investigate the detailed structure and activity relationships (SARs). Some compounds exhibited potent antiproliferative activities against three human cancer cell lines (SGC-7901, A549 and HeLa). The compound 5m exhibited the highest potency against the three cancer cell lines. The tubulin polymerization experiments indicated that compound 5m effectively inhibited the tubulin polymerization, and immunostaining assay revealed that it significantly disrupted microtubule dynamics. Moreover, cell cycle studies revealed that compound 5m dramatically arrested cell cycle progression at G2/M phase.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Piperazinas/farmacología , Tiadiazoles/farmacología , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diseño de Fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Piperazinas/síntesis química , Piperazinas/metabolismo , Polimerizacion/efectos de los fármacos , Unión Proteica , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tiadiazoles/síntesis química , Tiadiazoles/metabolismo , Tubulina (Proteína)/efectos de los fármacos , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntesis química , Moduladores de Tubulina/metabolismoRESUMEN
A series of 1-aryl-5-(4-arylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1H-tetrazols as microtubule destabilizers were designed, synthesised and evaluated for anticancer activity. Based on bioisosterism, we introduced the tetrazole moiety containing the hydrogen-bond acceptors as B-ring of XRP44X analogues. The key intermediates ethyl 1-aryl-1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylates 10 can be simply and efficiently prepared via a microwave-assisted continuous operation process. Among the compounds synthesised, compound 6-31 showed noteworthy potency against SGC-7901, A549 and HeLa cell lines. In mechanism studies, compound 6-31 inhibited tubulin polymerisation and disorganised microtubule in SGC-7901 cells by binding to tubulin. Moreover, compound 6-31 arrested SGC-7901cells in G2/M phase. This study provided a new perspective for development of antitumor agents that target tubulin.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Microtúbulos/efectos de los fármacos , Tetrazoles/farmacología , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Microondas , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Polimerizacion/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tetrazoles/síntesis química , Tetrazoles/química , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntesis química , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Gastric cancer and cervical cancer are two major malignant tumors that threaten human health. The novel chemotherapeutic drugs are needed urgently to treat gastric cancer and cervical cancer with high anticancer activity and metabolic stability. Previously we have reported the synthesis, characterization and identification of a novel combretastatin A-4 analog, 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(3-amino-4- methoxyphenyl) -7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazine (XSD-7). In this study, we sought to investigate its anticancer mechanisms in a human gastric cancer cell line (SGC-7901 cells) and human cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa cells). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that XSD-7 induced cytotoxicity in SGC-7901 and HeLa cells with inhibitory concentration 50 values of 0.11 ± 0.03 and 0.12 ± 0.05 µM, respectively. Immunofluorescence studies proved that XSD-7 inhibited microtubule polymerization during cell division in SGC-7901 and HeLa cells. Then, these cells were arrested at G2/M cell cycle and subsequently progressed into apoptosis. In further study, mitochondrial membrane potential analysis and Western blot analysis demonstrated that XSD-7 treatment-induced SGC-7901 cell apoptosis via both the mitochondria-mediated pathway and the death receptor-mediated pathway. In contrast, XSD-7 induced apoptosis in HeLa cells mainly via the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Hence, our data indicate that XSD-7 exerted antiproliferative activity by disrupting microtubule dynamics, leading to cell cycle arrest, and eventually inducing cell apoptosis. XSD-7 with novel structure has the potential to be developed for therapeutic treatment of gastric cancer and cervical cancer.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Puntos de Control de la Fase M del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Tiadiazinas/química , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacología , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular , Células HeLa , Humanos , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
A series of novel 5-methyl-4-aryl-3-(4-arylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles possessing 1,2,4-triazole as the hydrogen-bond acceptor were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative and tubulin polymerization inhibitory activities. Some of them exhibited moderate activities in vitro against the three cancer cell lines including SGC-7901, A549 and HeLa. Compound 6e exhibited the highest potency against the three cancer cell lines. Moreover, the tubulin polymerization experiments indicated that compound 6e could inhibit the tubulin polymerization. Immunofluorescence study and cell cycle analysis clearly revealed compound 6e could disrupt intracellular microtubule organization, arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase. In addition, molecular docking analysis demonstrated the interaction of compound 6e at the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. These preliminary results suggested that compound 6e is a new colchicine binding site inhibitor and worthy of further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Triazoles/farmacología , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacología , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Triazoles/síntesis química , Triazoles/química , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntesis química , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Benzbromarone (BBR), a uricosuric agent, has been known to induce hepatotoxicity, and its toxicity has a close relation to cytochrome P450-mediated metabolic activation. An oxidative debromination metabolite of BBR has been reported in microsomal incubations. The present study attempted to define the oxidative debromination pathway of BBR in vivo. One urinary mercapturic acid (M1) and one glutathione (GSH) conjugate (M2) derived from the oxidative debromination metabolite were detected in BBR-treated mice after solid phase extraction. M1 and M2 shared the same chromatographic behavior and mass spectral identities as those detected in N-acetylcysteine/GSH- and BBR-fortified microsomal incubations. The structure of M1 was characterized by chemical synthesis, along with mass spectrometry analysis. In addition, hepatic protein modification that occurs at cysteine residues (M'3) was observed in mice given BBR. The observed protein adduction reached its peak 4 hours after administration and occurred in a dose-dependent manner. A GSH conjugate derived from oxidative debromination of BBR was detected in livers of mice treated with BBR, and the formation of the GSH conjugate apparently took place earlier than the protein adduction. In summary, our in vivo work provided strong evidence for the proposed oxidative debromination pathway of BBR, which facilitates the understanding of the mechanisms of BBR-induced hepatotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study investigated the oxidative debromination pathway of benzbromarone (BBR) in vivo. One urinary mercapturic acid (M1) and one glutathione (GSH) conjugate (M2) derived from the oxidative debromination metabolite were detected in BBR-treated mice. M1 and M2 were also observed in microsomal incubations. The structure of M1 was characterized by chemical synthesis followed by mass spectrometry analyses. More importantly, protein adduction derived from oxidative debromination of BBR (M'3) was observed in mice given BBR, and occurred in dose- and time-dependent manners. The success in detection of GSH conjugate, urinary N-acetylcysteine conjugate, and hepatic protein adduction in mice given BBR provided solid evidence for in vivo oxidative debromination of BBR. The studies allowed a better understanding of the metabolic activation of BBR.
Asunto(s)
Benzbromarona/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Proteínas/química , Acetilcisteína/metabolismo , Animales , Benzbromarona/toxicidad , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/etiología , Halogenación , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
In view of expanding the structure activity relationship of xanthine oxidase inhibitors, a series of 3-oxo-6-aryl-2,3-dihydropyridazine-4-carbohydrazide/carboxylic acid derivatives were designed by molecular docking and synthesized. All the target compounds were evaluated for their in vitro XO inhibition by using febuxostat and allopurinol as the standard controls. Most of the hydrazide derivatives exhibited potency levels in the micromolar range. From the view of docking study, hydrazide derivatives bind to the active site of XO through a novel interaction mode, which is different from that of febuxostat bearing a carboxyl group. The most promising compound 8b was further subjected to kinetic analysis to deduce their modes of inhibition.
Asunto(s)
Diseño de Fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Hidrazinas/química , Xantina Oxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Dominio Catalítico , Bovinos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Hidrazinas/metabolismo , Cinética , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Xantina Oxidasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
A series of new CA-4 analogues bearing maleic anhydride/N-substituted maleimide moiety were synthesized via a microwave-assisted process. They were evaluated for the anti-proliferative activities against three tumor cell lines (SGC-7901, HT-1080 and KB). Most compounds showed moderate potencies in micromolar range, with the most promising analogue 6f showing active at submicromolar concentration against HT-1080 cancer cells which was selected to investigate the antitumor mechanisms. In addition, molecular docking studies within the colchicine binding site of tubulin were also in good agreement with the tubulin polymerization inhibitory data and provided a basis for further structure-guided design of novel CA-4 analogues.
Asunto(s)
Bibencilos/química , Anhídridos Maleicos/química , Maleimidas/química , Microondas , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntesis química , Bibencilos/síntesis química , Bibencilos/toxicidad , Sitios de Unión , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colchicina/química , Colchicina/metabolismo , Diseño de Fármacos , Humanos , Maleimidas/síntesis química , Maleimidas/toxicidad , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tubulina (Proteína)/química , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Moduladores de Tubulina/toxicidadRESUMEN
5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one (COH-203) is a novel synthesized analogue of combretastatin A-4 that can be classified as a microtubule inhibitor. In this study, we evaluated the anti-hepatoma effect of COH-203 in vitro and in vivo and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. COH-203 was shown to be more effective in inhibiting the proliferation of liver cancer cells compared with normal liver cells. COH-203 also displayed potent anti-tumor activity in a hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft model without significant toxicity. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that treatment with COH-203 induced mitotic arrest by inhibiting tubulin polymerization in BEL-7402 liver cancer cells. Long-term COH-203 treatment in BEL-7402 cells led to mitotic slippage followed by senescence via the p14(Arf)-p53-p21 and p16(INK4α)-Rb pathways. Furthermore, suppression of p53 via pifithrin-α (p53 inhibitor) and p53-siRNA attenuated COH-203-induced senescence in BEL-7402 cells, suggesting that COH-203 induced senescence p53-dependently. In conclusion, we report for the first time that COH-203, one compound in the combretastatin family, promotes anti-proliferative activity through the induction of p-53 dependent senescence. Our findings will provide a molecular rationale for the development of COH-203 as a promising anti-tumor agent.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 1 Anillo/farmacología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Estilbenos/farmacología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Senescencia Celular , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 1 Anillo/química , Humanos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Microtúbulos/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Estilbenos/química , Tubulina (Proteína)/química , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Neriifolone B (1), a natural product containing a novel 4',4'-dimethyl-4',5'-dihydropyran-6-one[2',3':3,4]xanthone skeleton, was found to be a potent inhibitor of transcription mediated by retinoid X receptor α (RXRα). The first total synthesis of neriifolone B (1) was achieved in 14 steps with an overall yield of 7.1%. A Claisen rearrangement was employed as the key step in the sequence. The activity of six natural xanthones and eight compounds related to neriifolone B (1) against RXRα-mediated transcription was evaluated. Two neriifolone B analogs, 17 and 11â³, were potent inhibitors of RXRα transcriptional activity. Preliminary structure-activity relationship studies are discussed briefly.
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Cumarinas/síntesis química , Receptor alfa X Retinoide/metabolismo , Xantonas/química , Xantonas/síntesis química , Cumarinas/química , Cumarinas/farmacología , Receptor alfa X Retinoide/genética , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Xantonas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Microtubules are recognized as one of the most vital and attractive targets in anticancer therapy. The development of novel tubulin-targeting agents with a new action mechanism is imperative. Based on the hydrophobic tagging strategy, the molecular scaffold of tirbanibulin was selected as tubulin target-binding moiety, subsequent to which a series of target compounds were rationally designed by selecting various combinations of linkers and hydrophobic tags. A set of novel molecules were synthesized and most of them exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against tumor cells in vitro. The most active compound 14b inhibited polymerization of purified recombinant tubulin and induced degradation of α- and ß-tubulin in MCF-7 cells. Notably, following treatment with compound 14b, an unexpected phenomenon of "microtubules fragmentation" was observed via immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, compound 14b possessed antitumor activity in the 4T1 allograft models with TGI of 74.27 % without significant toxicity. In this work, we report the discovery of novel dual-mechanism tubulin-targeting agents.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Proliferación Celular , Diseño de Fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Polimerizacion , Moduladores de Tubulina , Tubulina (Proteína) , Humanos , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacología , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntesis química , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Polimerizacion/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Estructura Molecular , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Proteolisis/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células MCF-7 , FemeninoRESUMEN
The colchicine binding site on tubulin has been widely acknowledged as an attractive target for anticancer drug exploitation. Here, we reported the structural optimization of the lead compound 4, which was proved in our previous work as a colchicine binding site inhibitor (CBSI). Based on docking researches for the active binding conformation of compound 4, a series of novel 6-aryl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole derivatives (9a-9x) were developed by replacing a CH group in the 1H-benzo[d]imidazole skeleton of compound 4 with a nitrogen atom as a hydrogen bond acceptor. Among them, compound 9a showed the strongest antiproliferative activity with IC50 values ranging from 14 to 45 nM against three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, SGC-7901 and A549), lower than that of compound 4. Mechanistic studies indicated that compound 9a could inhibit tubulin polymerization, destroy the microtubule skeleton, block the cell cycle in G2/M phase, induce cancer cell apoptosis, prevent cancer cell migration and colony formation. Moreover, compound 9a significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo without observable toxicity in the mice 4T1 xenograft tumor model. In conclusion, this report shows a successful case of the structure-based design approach of a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor for cancer treatment.