RESUMEN
Nitrophenols, a versatile intermediate, have been widely used in leather, medicine, chemical synthesis, and other fields. Because these components are widely applied, they can enter the environment through various routes, leading to many hazards and toxicities. There has been a recent surge in the development of simple, rapid, environmentally friendly, and effective techniques for determining these environmental pollutants. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress on the pretreatment and analysis methods of nitrophenols since 2017, with a focus on environmental samples. Pretreatment methods include liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, dispersive extraction, and microextraction methods. Analysis methods mainly include liquid chromatography-based methods, gas chromatography-based methods, supercritical fluid chromatography. In addition, this review also discusses and compares the advantages/disadvantages and development prospects of different pretreatment and analysis methods to provide a reference for further research.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ambientales , Nitrofenoles , Contaminantes Ambientales/análisis , Nitrofenoles/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Extracción Líquido-Líquido/métodos , Extracción en Fase Sólida , Cromatografía Liquida , Cromatografía de Gases , Cromatografía con Fluido Supercrítico/métodosRESUMEN
To explore the inhibitory effect of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) antisense of KTN1 (KTN1-AS1) on the growth of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells by regulating the microRNA-23b-3p (miR-23b-3p)/high-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) axis. The expression of KTN1-AS1 in tissues and cells was detected by qRT-PCR, and the relationship between KTN1-AS1 and clinicopathological data of patients with PC was analyzed. In addition, stable and transient overexpression and inhibition vectors were established and transfected into PC cells PANC-1, BxPC-3. CCK-8, transwell, and flow cytometry were responsible for the detection of proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of transfected cells, respectively. The correlation of miR-23b-3p between KTN1-AS1 and HMGB2 was determined by dual luciferase reports, and the relationship between KTN1-AS1 and miR-23b-3p was further verified by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). The highly expressed KTN1-AS1 in PC patients was indicative of its high diagnostic value in this disease. Besides, it was found that KTN1-AS1 was linked with the pathological stage, differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis (LNM) of PC patients. Underexpressed KTN1-AS1 led to decreased proliferation and invasion ability of cells and increased apoptosis rate, while the effect of further overexpression of KTN1-AS1 on cells was the opposite. Dual luciferase reporter (DLR) assay confirmed that KTN1-AS1 could target miR-23b-3p, while miR-23b-3p could target HMGB2. Functional analysis showed that the overexpression of miR-23b-3p inhibited the expression of HMGB2 in PC cells and affected cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. Co-transfection of Sh-KTN1-AS1 and miR-23b-3p-mimics exhibited that up-regulation of KTN1-AS1 expression could reverse the effect of miR-23b-3p-mimics on PC cells.
Asunto(s)
Carcinogénesis/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proteína HMGB2/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Proteína HMGB2/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Ratones , Páncreas/metabolismo , Páncreas/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Transfección , Regulación hacia Arriba , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomal regions is crucial in tumor progression and this study aimed to identify genome-wide LOH in pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiling data GSE32682 of human pancreatic samples snap-frozen during surgery were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Genotype console software was used to perform data processing. Candidate genes with LOH were screened based on the genotype calls, SNP loci of LOH and dbSNP database. Gene annotation was performed to identify the functions of candidate genes using NCBI (the National Center for Biotechnology Information) database, followed by Gene Ontology, INTERPRO, PFAM and SMART annotation and UCSC Genome Browser track to the unannotated genes using DAVID (the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integration Discovery). RESULTS: The candidate genes with LOH identified in this study were MCU, MICU1 and OIT3 on chromosome 10. MCU was found to encode a calcium transporter and MICU1 could encode an essential regulator of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. OIT3 possibly correlated with calcium binding revealed by the annotation analyses and was regulated by a large number of transcription factors including STAT, SOX9, CREB, NF-kB, PPARG and p53. CONCLUSIONS: Global genomic analysis of SNPs identified MICU1, MCU and OIT3 with LOH on chromosome 10, implying involvement of these genes in progression of pancreatic cancer.