RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) as a rehabilitation intervention for patients with ischemic stroke, focusing on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs). Whole-transcriptome sequencing was employed to obtain circulating expression profiles of miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and mRNAs in patients with ischemic stroke before and after 3-week ctDCS. miRanda software was used to predict the target genes of miRNAs, while Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted to identify biological functions and signaling pathways. Subsequently, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks comprising circRNA-miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions were constructed. Key miRNAs in blood samples were validated through quantitative RT-PCR. In total, 43 miRNAs, 807 lncRNAs, 1,111 circRNAs, and 201 mRNAs were differentially expressed after ctDCS compared with before ctDCS. Bioinformatics analyses revealed significant enrichment of target genes regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs across multiple biological pathways. CeRNA regulatory networks implied that several miRNAs were closely related to the ctDCS. Among them, hsa-miR-181a-5p, hsa-miR-224-5p, and hsa-miR-340-3p showed significantly downregulated expression levels as confirmed by qRT-PCR. This study conducted the first-ever assessment of miRNA expression patterns in patients with ischemic stroke undergoing ctDCS. The findings revealed that ctDCS induces alterations in miRNA levels, suggesting their potential utility as therapeutic markers.
RESUMEN
Optimization of a series of uracils bearing a 2-fluoro- or 2-chloro-3-methoxyphenyl group at the 5-position resulted in compounds such as 3d and 3f with subnanomolar binding affinity at the human GnRH receptor. While the 2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl compound 3a was characterized as a mixture of interchangeable atropisomers, the diastereoisomers of 2-chloro-3-methoxyphenyl analogs were separated. It was found that the aR-atropisomer was much more potent than the aS-isomer based on the X-ray crystal structure of 3h-II.
Asunto(s)
Receptores LHRH/antagonistas & inhibidores , Uracilo/análogos & derivados , Uracilo/síntesis química , Uracilo/farmacología , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Humanos , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Uracilo/químicaRESUMEN
Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonists containing thieno- and a benzopyridazinone cores were designed and tested as potential anorectic agents. These ligands showed high affinity for the receptor, potent functional activity in vitro, and good oral bioavailabilty in rats. The thiophene analogue exhibited low iv clearance, long half-life, and high brain penetration. In obese rats, the thienopyridazinone demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in feeding and body weight with doses between 1 and 10 mg kg-1.
Asunto(s)
Depresores del Apetito/síntesis química , Piridazinas/síntesis química , Receptores de Somatostatina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Tiofenos/síntesis química , Animales , Depresores del Apetito/farmacocinética , Depresores del Apetito/farmacología , Disponibilidad Biológica , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Semivida , Masculino , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Permeabilidad , Piridazinas/química , Piridazinas/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tiofenos/farmacocinética , Tiofenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A novel series of 2-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)-ethylamine derivatives were designed and synthesized as GnRH receptor antagonists. SAR studies led to a series of highly active molecules against both the rat and human receptors. Furthermore, one potent compound, 17j, demonstrated dose-dependent LH suppression in castrated rats.
Asunto(s)
Piridinas/farmacología , Receptores LHRH/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Piridinas/química , Ratas , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A series of substituted chromones were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to bind melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1. Compounds with subnanomolar binding affinity and 66% oral bioavailability in rats were discovered.
Asunto(s)
Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Cromonas/síntesis química , Melaninas/química , Quinolonas/síntesis química , Receptores de la Hormona Hipofisaria/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de la Hormona Hipofisaria/química , Administración Oral , Animales , Cromonas/química , Diseño de Fármacos , Humanos , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Modelos Químicos , Quinolonas/química , Ratas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Ureas derived from two substituted 3-aminopyrrolidine subunits were prepared as constrained analogs of a linear lead compound and tested as antagonists of the MCH(1) receptor. The series was optimized for substitution and stereochemistry to generate a functional antagonist with a K(i) of 3.3 nM and IC(50) of 12 nM (GTPgammaS).
Asunto(s)
Receptores de la Hormona Hipofisaria/antagonistas & inhibidores , Urea/química , Urea/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Diseño de Fármacos , Humanos , Pirrolidinas/química , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A novel series of bis-aminopyrrolidine ureas containing either a 4-biphenylcarboxmide or 5-phenyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide group have been identified as potent and functional antagonists of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1. Syntheses and SAR are described, which led to the discovery of compounds with high binding affinity (Ki = 1 nM) for the receptor. Preliminary in vitro metabolic stability data are also reported for key compounds.